Proxmox VE 9

Explore the Proxmox web interface, navigate the datacenter and host levels, manage nodes, networks, and storage, customize themes and language, and prepare to create virtual machines and containers.

Learn to create a linux vm on Proxmox VE 9 by uploading the Ubuntu ISO to local storage, configuring CPU, memory, disk, and booting to install the server.

install Windows Server on a Proxmox VE 9 VM by uploading the Windows Server and virtio driver ISOs, creating the VM, and loading necessary drivers during setup.

Configure virtual machines in Proxmox VE 9 using the options tab to set the name, OS type, start at boot, startup delay, start/shutdown order, and boot order.

Install the qemu-guest-agent on an Ubuntu server, update and install via apt, enable and verify the service with systemctl, reboot the VM, and confirm IPs and MAC information are recognized.

Explore QEMU and KVM, learn the difference between virtual machines and LXC containers, and see how the hypervisor assigns hardware resources to emulated computers.

Explore what containers are and how to create your first LXC container on Proxmox VE, noting they share the host kernel for Linux-based apps and PCT commands.

Learn to create your first Ubuntu container in Proxmox VE 9 by downloading the Ubuntu 24 template, configuring disk, CPU, memory, and network, then starting the container.

Explore the Proxmox VE 9 pct command, a container toolkit to clone, create, destroy, stop, start, and enter containers, enabling credential-free access and file system checks.

Understand how the unprivileged container option maps the container's root (uid 0) to a restricted host user, protecting the host kernel from elevated container privileges.

Enable nesting to run container-like features such as Docker and Podman inside LXC containers, then manage nesting and other container options like start at boot, name, architecture, and environment variables.

Learn how memory ballooning helps Proxmox VE overcommitted hosts by dynamically evicting unused memory from virtual machines, preventing host kills, and requiring a ballooning driver.

Set a minimum memory and shares for each virtual machine, then rely on Proxmox VE 9 to allocate remaining memory based on shares up to the 80% safety limit.

Discover kernel same page merging (ksm) in proxmox ve 9, which merges identical memory pages across VMs into read-only pages, improving RAM usage and VM density with CPU overhead.

Examine thin and thick provisioning for virtual disks, comparing on-demand vs upfront allocation, and learn how snapshots, overcommit, and storage limits affect reliability.

Discover Proxmox VE 9 disk formats: QEMU image format (copy-on-write with snapshots and thin provisioning), raw image format (high performance, no snapshots), and VMware image format (import/export).

Learn to resize, reassign, and change disk storage and format in Proxmox VE 9, including moving disks between local and LVM storage and switching from raw to qcow2.

Explore five disk caching modes in Proxmox VE 9, including direct sync, write-through, write-back, no cache, and unsafe mode, and understand impact on host page cache and data safety.

Discover Proxmox VE 9 hard disk options, including ssd emulation, read-only, backup with vzdump, skip replication, discard, and a dedicated i/o thread for performance.

Explore the difference between emulated and para-virtualized devices, and learn why para-virtualized options like virtio SCSI and virtio network interfaces boost Windows Server VM performance.

Explore how Proxmox handles networking with virtual bridges and Linux bridges, connecting virtual machines to vmbr0 rather than the physical NIC, and configuring default interfaces and IP addresses.

Learn to create and configure bridged virtual bridges in Proxmox VE 9, add and manage network interface cards, assign bridges like DMZ and isolated, and apply changes without rebooting.

Explore Linux network interface naming conventions, including ens36, ens37, enp2s4, enp2s5, and enx MAC addresses, and why PCI bus and slot names stay stable while legacy names change after reboots.

Explore how Linux bonding merges multiple network interface cards into a single device, delivering fault tolerance and higher throughput, and review the seven bonding modes including balance rr and 802.3ad.

practice creating a bonding interface on Proxmox VE using two slave NICs, test bond0 with balance ALB or 802.3ad, and link vmbr1 for resilient VM connectivity.

Connect the Brooksmox server and virtual machines to vlans via a vlan aware linux bridge on NIC0, tagging VMs with vlan 30 and 40 while the host uses vlan 20.

Explore how to configure storages in Proxmox VE from data center to server level, comparing directory and LVM storages, their content types, and how to enable and monitor usage.

Discover the directory storage type in proxmox ve, a simple local pointer to a server directory containing images, templates, and iso files, and learn how to create backup storage.

Configure lvm storage in proxmox ve by adding disks and creating volume group with logical volumes. Use pvs, vgs, lvs to manage volumes; note lack of thin provisioning and snapshots.

Learn to create and extend lvm storages using multiple disks by converting disks to physical volumes, creating a volume group, and extending it with vgextend.

Learn how LVM thin storage uses a thin pool between the volume group and logical volumes to enable thin provisioning and snapshots in Proxmox ve 9.

Create a new thinpool from two disks via web interface or cli, forming a volume group and thinpool, then extend it with additional disks while avoiding full usage.

Delete LVM and LVM-thin storages only after moving any container hard disks to local storage, then destroy the related volume groups using disk IDs.

Explore the BTRFS file system in Proxmox VE 9, featuring copy-on-write, snapshots, checksums, thin provisioning, and software raid; compare containers and VM performance with ZFS and LVM thin.

Format the disk with the btrfs file system and mount it to /mnt/btrfs. Mount by UUID in /etc/fstab for persistence and add the btrfs storage in the data center.

Extend and optimize a btrfs storage setup by adding a new disk, configuring raid1, adjusting mount options, monitoring with btrfs tools, and balancing data across devices.

Learn how DAS attaches directly to servers with disks and USB devices, NAS uses shared directories over CIFS, NFS, SMB, and SAN provides block storage over fiber or network switches.

Connect the Proxmox VE server to NAS and SAN storage with NFS, CIFS, and ISCSI, and configure SMB, NFS, and ISCSI shares on a TrueNAS server in the same subnet.

Configure an NFS share on TrueNAS, create an ISO data set, and restrict access by IP and root mapping, then attach it to the Broxmox server as ISO storage.

Configure smb/cifs storage with TrueNAS by creating a dedicated PVE user, assigning a backup data set, and enabling backups, then connect from Proxmox and verify backups and restoration across nodes.

Learn iSCSI concepts by connecting a Brooksmox server (initiator) to an iSCSI target on a TrueNAS storage server over an IP-based network, using LUNs and IQN names to attach disks.

Connect the Brooksmox server to a TrueNAS iSCSI storage, create a 2 gigabyte target, specify an initiator, and enable LAN direct for VM access.

Create an iSCSI target and dataset, then convert to an LVM storage via a volume group for shared use by VMs and containers through indirect LAN assignment.

Explore how snapshots fail for iSCSI and LVM-based shared storage in Proxmox VE 9, and why thin pools cannot exist on shared storage, while iSCSI remains faster than NFS/CIFS.

Extend iSCSI volumes in proxmox ve 9 by resizing windows server direct assigned storage from 2 gb to 3–4 gb, detaching and reattaching, and resizing indirect lan storage with pvresize.

Configure multipathing across two network interfaces for storage high availability in Proxmox VE 9. Install multi-path tools, edit the configuration, restart the service, and verify active paths with multi-path -ll.

Learn to configure fiber channel connections between a Proxmox server and SAN storage using HBAs and WWPNs, with fabric switch zoning, mapping, and multipath aliasing for LVM storage.

Learn to manage and clean unused storages in Proxmox VE 9, including direct attached vs SAN/NAS, create LVM volume groups, detach and delete remote storages, and safely reclaim storage.

Explore the integrated firewall in Brooksmox VE, configured per component—host, containers, and virtual machines—and understand that all firewalls are initially inactive and must be enabled under data center firewall options.

Activate the Proxmox VE 9 firewall, add initial accept rules for dashboard 8006 and SSH, and understand host versus container and VM scope for secure access.

Enable and verify firewalls in Proxmox VE 9 at the data center, VM/container, and network interface levels, learn to add explicit rules, and understand default input policy drop and testing.

Create human-readable aliases for IP addresses and subnets in Proxmox VE 9 to simplify firewall rules across datacenter and VM/container levels.

Explore how ip sets group hosts, subnets, and aliases in Proxmox VE 9 to simplify firewall configurations and SSH access.

Create a web server security group with http, https, ssh from a subnet, and ports 2083/2087 for cPanel and whm, then apply to multiple virtual machines.

Understand that proxmox ve firewall rules are evaluated top-down, with the first matching rule applied and subsequent rules ignored, and learn how to reorder rules to control access.

Explore how macros provide predefined firewall rules to simplify access control, showing how DNS and HTTP examples replace multiple protocol and port configurations with a single selection.

Activate firewall logs and use debug mode to monitor input traffic, inspect ping and RDB connections to a Windows Server virtual machine, and focus on dropped packets over accepted ones.

Explore ftp/ftb firewall challenges in Proxmox VE, including control and data channels, and loading the ipconnectrackftb module. Integrate the Proxmox firewall with the Suricata intrusion prevention system for accepted packets.

Explore how proxmox ve 9 integrates vzdump and uses snapshots with copy-on-write, creating base and incremental volumes. Create memory inclusive snapshots and roll back to previous states when needed.

Proxmox VE 9 backup modes for virtual machines—stop, suspend, and snapshot—highlight downtime, data consistency, and restoring backups to remote servers from shared storage.

Stop mode stops container before backup. Suspend mode copies to a temporary directory (local or NFS), then suspends and copies changed files, space permitting; snapshot mode uses underlying storage snapshots.

Explore vzdump configurations in /etc/vzdump.conf and view them with cat for backups of virtual machines and containers. See how tmp directory is determined and how to adjust email and storage.

Learn how to schedule backups for virtual machines and containers in the Proxmox VE 9 web interface, using backup tab, VZDump, and cron jobs.

Select a backup in the backup tab and restore it to the same virtual machine or create a new virtual machine with a unique MAC and storage, memory, and CPU.

Clone an existing virtual machine in proxmox ve 9 to create an identical Ubuntu VM with all packages and services, using btrfs storage and automatic MAC address changes.

Proxmox VE 9 templates let you preconfigure a VM with Apache/Nginx, PHP, MariaDB, and WordPress, convert it to a template, and clone via full or linked modes.

Examine the limitations of vzdump full backups in a BrooksMox environment and present the BrooksMox backup server for incremental, encrypted, and integrity-checked backups.

Explore authentication sources in Proxmox VE 9, including Linux PAM and the integrated Proxmox VE authentication server, with options to integrate LDAP and Microsoft Active Directory.

Learn how PAM authentication works in Proxmox VE 9 by managing users, permissions, and authentication sources in the data center, and linking Proxmox users to the underlying Linux system accounts.

Create a user with the Brooksmox VE authentication server, where accounts are managed by the authentication service and shared across the cluster via the cluster file system.

Compare Broxmox VE authentication service with PAM authentication service, showing that PAM authenticates per node while Broxmox uses a /etc.pve directory containing users and shadow files for cluster login.

Grant and manage user privileges in Proxmox VE 9 by applying built-in and custom rules for virtual machines and storages, including VM administration, auditing, and backups.

Apply path-based permissions in Proxmox VE 9 to assign PVE VM admin rights to specific VMs or storages. Use datacenter permissions to grant access across all VMs, storages, or nodes.

Grant a new administrator full privileges on the Brooksmox environment by selecting the root path. Remove extra permissions and disable the root user for security.

Explore how to use groups to manage permissions in Proxmox VE 9. Create production and development pools to organize resources and assign group privileges to pools for easier administration.

Enable two-factor authentication in proxmox ve 9 using Google Authenticator QR codes and login with codes; if a mobile is lost, remove 2fa via web or console and edit tfa.cfg.