
This is an introduction to me and my work where religion, philosophy, and science meet. Learn more at my new website A Rabbi Encounters the Universe arabbiencounterstheuniverse.com.
In this lecture, we will introduce the idea of a soul. How does it differ from other terms like mind or consciousness, and what is its relationship to the body?
What does the Hebrew Bible say about the soul? It is different from the vision of the soul developed in later Judaism?
How did the idea of the soul develop among the early Greek thinkers such as Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle?
What is philosophical dualism as articulated by Descartes and other philosophers? And what problems does dualism raise?
How did the Rabbis, who transformed Judaism after the destruction of the second temple, understand the idea of the soul?
Aristotle differed from his teacher Plato by denying spiritual realities. How was the Jewish medieval philosopher Maimonides, who combined Judaism and Aristotle, able to understand the soul?
To materialists, the universe is simply matter in motion. How do they account for mind? We will present three possible answers.
Idealism teaches that mind is the ultimate reality. Panpsychism says that mind permeates everything. How can these ideas help us understand the nature of the soul?
Jewish mysticism or kabbalah sees God as literally flowing into the universe. This emanation creates multiple levels of the soul, nested within one another.
Judaism and its sister Western religions such as Christianity and Islam all teach that we have a soul. There is an immortal part of us that existed before we were born and will continue to exist after we die. But where did this idea come from? Surprisedly, it is never explicitly stated in the Bible. The idea of an immortal soul was an idea which Judaism borrowed from Plato and Greek philosophy. One might say that Western thought is a mixture of Athens and Jerusalem, Biblical religion and Greek philosophy. But what does the Bible say about the soul? What about modern philosophy? Descartes taught that "I think, therefore I am," we are thinking beings. We have a mind. But is the mind the same as the soul? Many materialists would claim that the mind only exists when the body exists, and disappears when we die. But the soul exists after we die. So is the mind different from the soul? Or is it possible that mind permeates everything; that the universe itself has a soul? Join us for this exploration of the meaning of the soul in Western thought. We will explore religion, philosophy, science, and mysticism to better understand the Jewish idea of a soul.