Pass the Praxis 7001: 7002 Rdg, 7003 Math, 7004 SS, 7005 Sci

Understands methods for teaching phonological awareness (recognition of rhyme and alliteration; segmenting; blending; manipulation of syllables as well as onset and rime.

Understands instructional methods for teaching phonemic awareness both basic (e.g., segmenting and blending) and advanced (deletion, substitution).

Knows ways to develop students' expressive and receptive language components associated with oral language development.

Knows instructional methods to teach beginning readers the concepts about print  such as directionality, return sweep, parts of a book, and the form and function of print.

Understands instructional strategies to help emergent readers fluently identify upper and lower case letters.

Knows how to select and apply formal and informal assessment methods and use the data to guide instruction and monitor student progress for phonological and phonemic awareness including emergent literacy.

Understands how to teach phoneme-grapheme correspondence.

Understands methods for teaching phonics systematically, explicitly, and recursively.

Knows instructional methods for common phonics patterns and rules (consonant digraphs, blends, diphthongs, schwa sound, syllable types, word families, etc.)

Knows how to teach morphological analysis (i.e., affixes, roots, and base words).

Knows how to teach syllable types in decoding multisyllabic words.

Is familiar with multisensory approaches for supporting student recognition of nondecodable/irregularly spelled words (i.e., was, listen, though, the once).

Knows how to apply formal and informal assessment methods and use the data to guide instruction and monitor student progress for phonics and decoding.

Understands ways to build, expand, and use expressive and receptive vocabulary.

Understands methods for teaching vocabulary systematically, explicitly, and repeatedly in multiple contexts.

Knows how to match an instructional method to word complexity.

Knows multiple approaches to teaching word solving, including the use of context clues and structural analysis.

Knows how to guide students to understand a wide variety of words (common, contextual, content specific) through direct instruction and independent vocabulary learning.

Understands instructional methods to foster students' automaticity through accuracy, appropriate rate, and prosody.

Knows methods of supporting fluent reading behaviors at the phoneme, word, and passage level.

Knows how fluency, vocabulary and comprehension are interrelated.

Knows how to apply formal and informal assessment methods and use the data to guide instruction and monitor student progress for vocabulary and fluency.

Understands how to support students' listening comprehension and its relationship to reading comprehension.

Knows how to support students' speaking and listening skills as they discuss texts.

Understands how to activate and build all students' background knowledge to increase comprehension.

Is familiar with methods for teaching comprehension systematically and explicitly to all learners.

Knows how metacognition guides students' development of monitoring their own comprehension and analysis of different types of texts.

Is familiar with strategies to guide students' self-selection of appropriate texts to increase motivation and engagement.

Knows how to differentiate instruction, tasks, and materials (print and digital) that are appropriate and culturally responsive to all learners.

Understands how to teach the use of graphic and semantic organizers to support comprehension.

Knows how to teach the genres (i.e., poetry, prose, drama), structures (i.e., story elements), and features of literary texts.

Knows how to teach literary devices (i.e., figurative language, nuance of words, and alliteration).

Understands how to apply the data from formal and informal assessments to guide and differentiate instruction, monitor student progress and select teaching strategies that support readers as they construct literal and inferential meaning, including author’s use of language.

Understands how to teach the types (i.e., biography, how to), structures (i.e., description, cause and effect, sequence), and features of informational texts.

Knows how to use technology to support students' ability to critically examine online resources and foster digital literacy, to personalize learning experiences for students of different needs, and to support active learning across content areas.

Understands how to teach writing as a recursive process that supports self-evaluation and expression.

Knows systematic, explicit methods to teach the steps of the writing process to all learners (i.e., Simple View of Writing, Not So Simple View of Writing).

Knows strategies for integrating reading and writing (i.e., summarizing, annotation).

Knows methods to use digital tools for communication, writing, collaboration, and publishing.

Is familiar with the defining characteristics and appropriate instructional methods for teaching various types of writing: informational/expository, argument/persuasive/opinion, and narrative.

Knows the methods to connect the teaching of both decoding and encoding as reciprocal skills.

Knows how to take a systematic, explicit, multi-sensory, and recursive approach to spelling development.

Understands the methods for teaching the structure of written language, including the rules of grammar and mechanics.

Knows how to apply formal and informal assessment methods and use the data to guide instruction and monitor student progress for written expression.

Writes numbers using base-10 numerals, number names, and expanded form. Composes and decomposes multi-digit numbers.

Given a digit, identifies the place the digit is in and its value in that place. Recognizes that a digit in one place represents ten times what it represents in the place to its right and one-tenth what it represents in the place to its left, and extends this recognition to several places to the right or left.

Uses whole number exponents to denote powers of 10. Rounds multi-digit numbers to any place value.

Solves multistep mathematical and real world problems using addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of rational numbers. Identifies different problem situations for the operations (e.g., adding to, taking from, putting together, taking apart, and comparing for subtraction).

Uses the relationship between addition and subtraction and the relations between multiplication and division to solve problems (e.g., inverse operations).

Interprets remainders in division problems.

Understands various strategies and algorithms used to perform operations on rational numbers.

Identifies examples where multiplication does not result in a product greater than both factors and division does not result in a quotient smaller than the dividend.

Composes and decomposes fractions, including the use of unit fractions.

Recognizes that the value of a unit fraction decreases as the value of the denominator increases.

Recognizes that the same whole must be used when comparing fractions.

Solves problems using the order of operations, including problems that involve whole number exponents.

Identifies properties of operations (e.g., commutative, associative, distributive) and uses them to solve problems.

1. Uses, interprets, and explains concrete models or drawings of the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of rational numbers.

Represents rational numbers and sums and differences of rational numbers on a number line.

Illustrates and explains multiplication and division problems using equations, rectangular arrays, and area models.

Compares, classifies, and orders rational numbers.

Converts between fractions, decimals, and percents.

Applies the concepts of ratios and unit rates to describe relationships between two quantities.

Understands percent as a rate per 100.

Solves unit-rate problems.

Uses proportional relationships to solve ratio and percent problems.

Identifies and uses prime and composite numbers.

Finds factors and multiples of numbers.

Recognizes the reasonableness of results within the context of a given problem.

Differentiates between algebraic expressions and equations.

Adds and subtracts linear algebraic expressions.

Uses distributive property to generate equivalent linear algebraic expressions.

Evaluate simple algebraic expressions (I.e., one variable, binomial) for given values of variables.

Uses mathematical terms to identify parts of expressions and describe expressions.

Translates between verbal statements and algebraic expressions or equations (e.g., the phrase “the number of cookies Joe has is equal to twice the number of cookies Sue has” can be represented by the equation j=2s).

Uses formulas to determine unknown quantities.

Differentiates between dependent and independent variables in formulas.

Solves multistep one-variable linear equations and inequalities.

Interprets solutions of multistep one-variable linear equations and inequalities (e.g., graphs the solution on a number line, states constraints on a situation).

Uses linear relationships represented by equations, tables, and graphs to solve problems.

Identifies, extends, describes, or generates number and shape patterns.

Makes conjectures, predictions, or generalizations based on patterns.

Identifies relationships between corresponding terms of two numerical patterns (e.g., find a rule for a function table).

Uses definitions to identify lines, rays, line segments, parallel lines, and perpendicular lines.

Classifies angles based on their measure.

Composes and decomposes two- and three-dimensional shapes.

Uses attributes to classify or draw polygons and solids.

Represents three-dimensional figures with nets.

Uses nets that are made of rectangles and triangles to determine the surface area of three-dimensional figures.

Finds the area and perimeter of polygons, including those with fractional side lengths.

Finds the volume and surface area of right rectangular prisms, including those with fractional edge lengths.

Determines how changes to dimensions change area and volume.

Identifies the x-axis, the y-axis, the origin, and the four quadrants in the coordinate plane.

Solves problems by plotting points and drawing polygons in the coordinate plane.

Solves problems involving elapsed time, money, length, volume, and mass.

Measures and compares lengths of objects using standard tools.

Knows relative sizes of United States customary units and metric units.

Converts units within both the United States customary system and the metric system.

Identifies statistical questions.

Solves problems involving measures of center (mean, median, mode) and range.

Recognizes which measure of center best describes a set of data.

Determines how changes in data affect measures of center or range.

Describes a set of data (e.g., overall patterns, outliers).

Interprets various displays of data (e.g., box plots, histograms, scatterplots).

2. Identifies, constructs, and completes graphs that correctly represent given data (e.g., circle graphs, bar graphs, line graphs, histograms, scatterplots, double bar graphs, double line graphs, box plots, and line plots/dot plots).

3. Chooses appropriate graphs to display data.

Interprets probabilities relative to the likelihood of occurrence.

Knows European exploration and colonization in United States history and growth and expansion of the United States.

Knows about the American Revolution and the founding of the nation in United States history.

Knows the major events and developments in United States history from founding to present (e.g., westward expansion, industrialization, Great Depression).

Knows about twentieth century developments and transformations in the United States (e.g., assembly line, space age).

Understands connections between causes and effects of events.

Understands the nature, purpose, and forms (e.g., federal, state, local) of government.

Knows key documents and speeches in the history of the United States (e.g., United States Constitution, Declaration of Independence, Gettysburg Address).

Knows the rights and responsibilities of citizenship in a democracy.

Knows world and regional geography (e.g., spatial terms, places, regions).

Understands the interaction of physical and human systems (e.g., how humans change the environment, how the environment changes humans, importance of natural and human resources).

Knows the uses of geography (e.g., apply geography to interpret past, to interpret present, to plan for future).

Knows how people of different cultural backgrounds interact with their environment, family, neighborhoods, and communities.

Knows major contributions of classical civilizations (e.g., Egypt, Greece, Rome).

Understands twentieth-century developments and transformations in world history.

Understands the role of cross cultural comparisons in world history instruction.

Knows key terms and basic concepts of economics (e.g., supply and demand, scarcity and choice, money and resources).

Understands how economics affects population, resources, and technology.

Understands the government’s role in economics and the impact of economics on government.

Understands the structure of the Earth system (e.g., structure and properties of the solid Earth, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere).

Understands processes of the Earth system (e.g., processes of the solid Earth, the hydrosphere, the atmosphere).

Understands Earth history (e.g., origin of Earth, paleontology, the rock record).

Understands Earth and the universe (e.g., stars and galaxies; the solar system and planets; Earth, Sun, and Moon relationships).

Understands Earth patterns, cycles, and change.

Understands science as a human endeavor, a process, and a career.

Understands science as inquiry (e.g., questioning, gathering data, drawing reasonable conclusions).

Understands how to use resource and research material in science.

Understands the unifying processes of science (e.g., systems, order, organization).

Understands the structure and function of living systems (e.g., living characteristics and cells, tissues and organs, life processes).

Understands reproduction and heredity (e.g., growth and development, patterns of inheritance of traits, molecular basis of heredity).

Understands change over time in living things (e.g., life cycles, mutations, adaptation and natural selection).

Understands regulation and behavior (e.g., life cycles, responses to external stimuli, controlling the internal environment).

Understands unity and diversity of life, adaptation, and classification.

Understands the interdependence of organisms (e.g., ecosystems, populations, communities).

Knows about personal health (e.g., nutrition, communicable diseases, substance abuse).

Understands the physical and chemical properties and structure of matter (e.g., changes of states, mixtures and solutions, atoms and elements).

Understands forces and motions (e.g., types of motion, laws of motion, forces and equilibrium).

Understands energy (e.g., forms of energy, transfer and conservation of energy, simple machines).

Understands interactions of energy and matter (e.g., electricity, magnetism, sound).