Exploration Geophysics Applied to the Oil & Gas Industry

Name: Exploration Geophysics Applied to the Oil & Gas Industry
Rating: 3.9 (35 reviews)

Seismic data acquisition, processing and Interpretation

Created byMohamad Samir Al Nahhas

Last updated 5/2021

English

What you'll learn

A clear understanding of the main geophysical seismic techniques used in petroleum exploration and development.
Provide a comprehensive knowledge of Seismic Data and Elasticity , Sampling and Aliasing in time and Space
Provide knowledge of the main use of seismic data techniques and their limitations, Data Resolution
The course covers the key theories to ensure optimum data quality
The participants will then learn the most important terms of seismic data acquisition and interpretation techniques
The course will covers 2D, 3D, acquisition and processing
A comprehensive knowledge of the reflection seismic principles and an insight into new acquisition and processing techniques
Digital Functions and Digital Seismic Operations , Convolution, Cross and Auto correlation

Course content

5 sections • 22 lectures • 3h 19m total length

1.1) Overview of the geophysical techniques NV11:11
Explore geophysical techniques including gravity, magnetics, electricity, and seismic methods; learn how gravimeters detect density variations, how aeromagnetic and aeroradiometric surveys map rock properties, and how seismic reveals subsurface structure.
1.2) Seismic Data and Elasticity NV9:02
Explore seismic data and elasticity by defining stress, strain, and their units. Derive the seismic wave equation and examine compressional P waves, shear waves, and Snell's law.
1.3) Data Resolution and limitation NV7:50
Explore how seismic resolution defines the minimum separation of reflectors and distinguishes vertical and lateral limits, using wavelength, velocity, and frequency to illustrate the resolvable limit with practical examples.

2.1) 2D Seismic Data Acquisition NV9:55
Explore seismic data acquisition for land and marine environments, using dynamite or vibratory sources to generate reflections recorded by geophones and hydrophones, and understand line networks.
2.2) Onshore Seismic Data Acquisition NV27:05
Explore onshore seismic data acquisition, detailing shot-receiver geometries, symmetrical split shooting, and overlapping surface/subsurface coverage, plus noise analysis and array design to improve signal-to-noise.
2.3) Offshore Seismic Data Acquisition NV6:46
Explore offshore seismic data acquisition and marine surveys, detailing streamers with hydrophones and airgun sources, and depth-control units, radar reflectors, and radio transmitters that support multi-line, multi-streamer marine data collection.
2.4) Seismic Acquisition Problem NV1:30
Explore seismic data acquisition challenges in oil and gas, including vibrator issues in mud, sand dunes, and shallow water, with crew safety hazards such as tank farms to avoid.
2.5) Sampling and Aliasing NV11:01
Explore sampling in time and space, from choosing the sample rate to avoiding aliasing with Nyquist principles, anti-alias filters, and seismic data from geophones.
2.6) 3D Seismic Data Acquisition NV14:18
Understand why 3D seismic data acquisition and 3D migration provide clearer imaging than 2D, and how 3D design stages, receiver lines, and time slices optimize processing.
2.7) Sampling in Time and Space NV8:10
Digitize seismic data by converting analog recordings to digital, enabling larger dynamic range and reduced distortion. Multiplexed sampling across traces at millisecond rates enables fast seismic data processing and interpretation.

4.1) Digital Seismic Operations8:10
Explore digital seismic operations, from analog recording and A/D conversion to multiplexed, multi-channel data and digital processing that enhance dynamic range and reduce distortion.
4.2) Digital Functions12:57
Explore digital functions by examining convolution, cross correlation, and autocorrelation of seismic traces using sample-by-sample multiplication and summation with a digital operator.
4.3) Time and Frequency Domain11:33
Explore how time and frequency domains apply to seismic data, using the Dirac impulse and Fourier transform to convert time-domain signals into frequency-domain insights for seismic processing.
4.4) Pre-processing of Seismic Data.9:43
Explain seismic data processing procedures and how sequence selection hinges on signal-to-noise, geology, onshore/offshore data. Describe processing functions, including data management, geometric corrections, filtering, attenuation, migration, reformatting, and muting.
4.5) Sorting of Seismic Data2:01
Examine sorting in seismic data processing by organizing data into common point and common depth point gathers, aligning the source and receivers to compare the data geometry.
4.6) Seismic Data Analysis & Filtering9:07
Analyze seismic data processing by applying time- and frequency-domain filtering, deconvolution, and f-k domain techniques to separate signal from noise and recover amplitude.
4.7) Migration of Seismic Data.5:41
Migration moves seismic data to its true location, reduces energy spreading and diffraction, clarifies features like anticlines and salt domes, and includes time, depth, post-stack, partial (DMO), and complete migration.
4.8) Multiple Attenuation of Seismic Data7:23
Improve seismic data processing by attenuating multiples, the organized noise from reflections. Explore attenuation methods in time-domain, fk-domain, or thorpedo-domain stacks to suppress water, top-of-salt, and bottom-of-salt multiples.

5.1) Well Data and VSP Acquisition and Interpretation4:40
Learn seismic data acquisition, processing, and interpretation, using sonic and density logs to infer borehole velocities. Understand vertical seismic profile recording and horizon correlation to create time horizon maps.
5.2) Workstation Interpretation of Seismic Data7:14
Learn to perform seismic data interpretation on a workstation with multi-display setups, window magnification, location and base maps, and horizon and time-slice analysis from 3D data.
5.3) Depth Conversion Interpretation of Seismic Data4:07
Master depth conversion in seismic interpretation, comparing time maps and velocity maps to produce horizon depth maps, and apply seismic inversion to derive acoustic impedance for reservoir properties.

Requirements

Knowledge of the geophysical methods and the reflection seismic method
Having an idea of the Time and Frequency Domain, and a basic knowledge of mathematics
Basic of Physics

Description

Geophysics involves the use of physical techniques to study the earth's interior. It comprises of a range of disciplines, including seismic, gravity, magnetic and geo-electrical methods.

Exploration Geophysics is key to understanding the resource potential of the subsurface – whether it’s water, minerals, geothermal heat or hydrocarbon reserves. It is applied in engineering site investigations and environmental assessments.

The course provides the participant with a breadth of practical skills, underpinned by a theoretical understanding that allows the participant to become a professional in their chosen field.

The course starts with an overview of geophysical methods, then delves deeper into the methods used for oil and gas exploration. The course then moves on to cover wave propagation, followed by the Seismic Reflection Theory and its application in acquisition.

The course also covers data digitalization, sampling and how to avoid aliasing in the recorded data and during resampling in order to ensure optimum data quality. Seismic data acquisition parameters will be covered with practical examples and exercises in order to improve the participants’ skills in selecting the acquisition and processing parameters. This will be followed by an overview of the best practices and the most recent seismic 2D and 3D data acquisition techniques used onshore and offshore. The participants will then learn the theoretical biases of the most important terms of seismic processing: the Fourier transform, time and frequency domain, convolution, cross and auto-correlations. The participants will then learn how to build an optimum processing sequence in order to study the interpretation techniques, to see faults, reflections and diffractions, and to do contour maps parameters in their own operations and in different environments using the latest techniques.

Who this course is for:

New Geophysicists
Exploration Geophysicists,
Multi discipline interpreters
Operation and interpretation geophysicists
Geologists involved in seismic data acquisition and processing,
Processing analysts who participate in the selection of seismic data parameters

Exploration Geophysics Applied to the Oil & Gas Industry

What you'll learn

Explore related topics

Course content

1) Overview of the geophysical techniques3 lectures • 28min

2.1) 2D Seismic Data Acquisition NV7 lectures • 1hr 19min

3.0) Noise analysis1 lecture • 10min

4) Processing of Seismic Data8 lectures • 1hr 7min

5 Interpretation. of Seismic Data3 lectures • 16min

Requirements

Description

Who this course is for: