Coding to analyze and visualize data: a class of examples​

Learn how variables store and update integers, decimals, and strings, print them, and understand local versus global scope, assignment, overwriting, and shorthand operations.

Explore how to define and use functions in Python, including def, function names, inputs, indentation, and return values, and learn to call functions for reusable, scalable code.

Explore how if statements control program flow based on conditions, using boolean values, equality and relational checks, indentation, and examples like a like counter, thermostat, and pajama logic.

Learn how to use lists to group data in one variable, access elements by zero-based indices, slice ranges, append items, and mix data types, including nested lists.

Build understanding of while loops: form, condition, and indented actions; use counters and indices to traverse lists, sum sequences, and simulate height and time during a fall.

Use for loops and a temporary variable with range to draw a triangle by printing a character multiple times, guided by a length variable.

Learn to build interactive programs by handling user input and output, converting inputs to integers or floats, formatting prompts, and collecting data in lists.

Capture user input to build a list of five participants, store it with loops, and write the data to an output file; later read and analyze it for simple statistics.

Expand the previous code to compute statistics from participant data stored in a file by using dictionaries to track ages, finding oldest, youngest, and most frequent ages.

Learn to design a class, initialize objects with __init__, and manage attributes and methods. Build team instances with name and origin, modify attributes with methods, and apply default values.

Create a general pet class with name, age, hunger, and playful attributes, plus an initializer, then use getters and setters and plan inheritance for dogs and cats.

Create a dog class that inherits from a pet, use an initializer to set name, age, hunger, playful, breed, and a favorite toy, and implement the wants to play method.

Import external libraries in Python and access their features, as shown with the random library. Generate random integers and floats with seed control and optional aliases to simplify access.

Explore different import methods and use the random library to manipulate lists, including selecting random elements and shuffling. Learn how importing specific functions can save memory and simplify code.

Discover how to use the time library to measure code speed and pause execution. Import time, use time.clock to time blocks, and time.sleep to create delays.

Explore the math library and its functions—square root, exponential, factorial, sine, floor, and ceiling—and learn how to import, use variables, and handle rounding in radians.

Create a user guessing game with the random library that generates an integer from 0 to 100. The program prompts guesses and signals too low or too high until correct.

Learn to build a blackjack deck with a create deck function, populate values 2–10 and A, J, Q, K, and shuffle the deck with random for a playable game.

Expand the player class to include a bet property and a betting method. Implement win logic with 2x payout and blackjack 2.5x payout, and reset the bet.