For computers to interact with each other, they need to be "networked" together. IT networking is the discipline of ensuring that devices can communicate, both securely and reliably. In a home, an IT network may include a router, modem, laptop, desktop, smart television, game consoles, and smartphones. In an office, an IT network may consist of printers, fax machines, desktop computers, servers, phones, and more. Individuals who deal with IT networking are generally called networking professionals. They create, manage, maintain, and improve upon IT networks of all complexity levels—from very simple networks to very complex networks.

There are many certifications available for those interested in IT networking and two are most popular: CompTIA's Network+ and Cisco's CCNA. Network+ is an entry-level certification that frequently gets used for government work, covering networking basics and providing a stepping stone for new networking professionals. Cisco's Certified Network Associate (CCNA) certifications are also entry-level, but they continue up a path to very advanced networking technologies. Both Network+ and CCNA get widely recognized as excellent certifications for those who are interested in IT networking. Network+ is more frequently used in military and government jobs, while the CCNA is more frequently used to qualify for private positions.

Careers in networking include IT network analysts, IT network associates, and IT network architects. At the entry-level, network professionals (network associates) will work to understand, modify, and troubleshoot networks. They may optimize traffic, load balance, and mitigate disruption. At the mid-level, IT network analysts will work more closely with organizations to optimize, improve, and configure their networks. At the very top, IT network architects will develop IT networks (sometimes very large) from scratch. In addition to direct careers in networking, some individuals may use networking during their careers. IT security analysts and programmers both need to understand IT networking to succeed in their careers.