Learn programming with Python

Learn the three data types: strings, integers, and floats, and how input is processed to output, with strings defined by quotation marks and floats by decimals, using a cookie analogy.

Learn how to use the Python print function to output strings and string literals, such as Hello world and my name is Sam.

Create and assign variables in Python, then print their values to see outputs like one or twenty three. Differentiate between variables and string literals by using quotation marks.

Learn to name variables descriptively and assign values correctly, avoiding syntax errors from invalid identifiers; use comma separation in print to combine strings and numbers with proper spacing.

Python variable names are case sensitive, so lowercase and capitalized forms refer to different variables, as age versus Age and my car versus My car show.

Discover how to name variables clearly using letters, underscores, and digits after the first character; avoid starting with numbers or using hash, with examples like top_speed and my_car.

Learn how Python variables store and update values, print the current exam score after reassignment, and distinguish between numbers and strings, including handling quotes.

Use comments in python to document code; the interpreter ignores them, so they do not affect execution, helping readers and coworkers understand what you built with hash-marked lines.

Learn how the Python input function collects user values and how to convert them to integers with int() or to floats with float(), while distinguishing strings by default.

Explore Python operators including plus, minus, multiplication, division, floor division, and modulus (remainder), and learn exponentiation with the power operator.

Learn to build a Python program that takes an original price and applies a 50 percent discount, then formats the final sale price for display.

design a python program that prompts for three exam scores, computes the average, and prints the result as an integer or formatted to two decimals using a format specifier.

Build a Python program that calculates the percentage of students who passed and failed a class. Compute the total and display the pass and fail percentages with optional precision.

Learn to use the if statement to execute code when conditions are met, distinguish assignment from comparison with single versus double equals, and apply simple examples like weather and temperature.

Explore comparison operators for if statements in Python, including greater than, less than, greater or equal, less or equal, equal, and not equal, with practical examples and else branches.

Learn how correct indentation prevents syntax and indentation errors, using if, for, and while blocks, and how extra spaces or misaligned lines trigger errors.

Explore if statements and elif and else logic using temperature examples to decide when to turn on a conditioner, a fan, or stay off.

Practice building a Python program that inputs four exam scores, computes the average, and uses an if statement to decide pass or fail based on a 50 threshold.

Learn a real-world Python example that prompts a user to enter typing speed and accepts candidates with speeds above 60 words per minute, while rejecting slower speeds.

Convert a numeric score to letter grades A, B, C, D, and F using if-else logic, printing feedback such as you failed or you need to study harder.

Learn how while loops repeat statements while a condition stays true, increment a, and print values from 0 to 8 before the program continues.

Illustrates a while loop that repeatedly asks for the number of students enrolled until the count reaches 100, printing each enrollment and the progress.

Explore infinite loops in Python, where a condition always true keeps the program running, and input mistakes or misconfigured conditions prevent termination.

Explore the for loop in Python, compare it with while, and learn to repeat actions using an index while the condition is true.

Explore how the for loop uses range to repeat actions and print messages. Note that range starts at zero by default and ends before the limit, with start and step.

Design a seven-day for loop to input daily temperatures for a weather forecasting client. Then track the max and min temperatures to identify the hottest and coldest days.

Identify how a sentinel value stops a loop by terminating the program when the user enters a designated value such as 0 or -1.

Learn how to use a sentinel value to control a loop in a Python program, prompting for item values until the user enters zero and then finishing processing.

Enforce input validation in Python by looping while the entered number is less than zero and prompting until a zero or positive number is entered.

Learn how nested loops in Python work by using an outer loop and an inner loop with range, printing values as the inner loop iterates.

learn how to define and group statements into four functions within a main program, enabling modular code, easier debugging, teamwork, and code reuse through copy‑and‑paste into new projects.

Explore using functions to compute the sum, product, and division of two user inputs in Python, compare function usage with inline code, and learn defining and calling functions with arguments.

Learn to define and call functions in Python, pass arguments and parameters, compute the sum, multiplication, and division of two numbers, and return or print results from a main function.

Discover how local variables stay inside a function and how global variables are accessible by all functions, illustrated with a bonus constant and a salary example.

Explore the random function from the standard library, learn how to call it in your Python program, and print a number between 1 and 100.

Learn to build a real-world guessing game in Python using loops, functions, and random for the computer’s guess; the player has seven tries with higher or lower hints.

Learn how to use files in python to save variables and data, retrieve it later, and append new values while reading and outputting data from a file.

Learn to write data to a file in python by opening it in write mode, writing strings, and closing it; the file is created if missing.

Learn how to retrieve data from a file in Python by opening the file, reading lines sequentially, storing them in variables, printing results, and closing the file.

Learn to remove the extra space between lines by assigning line variables and using the strip method to remove backslashes before printing.

Learn how lists and tuples hold multiple items in Python, with lists being mutable and tuples immutable. Grasp indexing (element 0) and that lists can store numbers, strings, or decimals.

Create and print lists in Python, access elements by zero-based indices, and print items such as 8 or 4. Learn using the list function to build and display lists.

Learn to manipulate Python lists by indexing from the right, retrieving first and last elements, measuring length with len, iterating with range, and combining lists with plus.

Learn to build and fill a Python list from user input by creating a day-based sales list and populating it with daily sales using a for loop.

Learn to build and populate a Python list with sales data by appending values for each day, iterate with a range of days, and print the resulting list.

Explore how to iterate over a Python list with a for loop, test conditions, and print messages when specific values like 5 or 3 are found.

Practice Python list slicing by selecting elements with start and end indices, including and excluding the end, and observe how 0-based positions appear in the printed results.

Practice solving a real world example by building a Python program that collects scores into a list, prompts for inputs, and prints the highest score using a loop and comparison.

Learn the difference between lists and tuples in Python: lists are mutable and can change elements, while tuples use parentheses and remain fixed; tuples are faster and safer to use.

Explore a simple list example that stores books by subjects—math, physics, and chemistry—in a library. Learn how to print the full list or individual books to access items.

Learn how to convert a Python list to a tuple and print both forms, using a sample list to show how the tuple differs from the list.

Learn to handle input errors in Python using try and except to catch ValueError, prompt for a valid number, and keep the program running.

Learn how to handle errors in Python with try and except, exploring name and value errors from user input and using a general handler to display a friendly message.

Learn how to use error handling and a while loop to prompt for a number, repeat on wrong entry, and break when valid input is received.

Learn how dictionaries store data as key-value pairs, access values by key, and handle missing keys with existence checks to prevent key errors.

Learn how to manipulate Python dictionaries by adding and deleting elements, testing for keys, retrieving values, and printing the whole dictionary or just its keys in no fixed order.

Create an empty dictionary with a function, then populate it with keys. Access and print values by their keys to see how the dictionary stores key-value pairs.

Learn how a python dictionary with three elements behaves, clarifying the common confusion that it has three items, not six, and showing what prints when you access its elements.

We examine an empty dictionary assigned to x, add an element, access the first key, and print the dictionary to show the updates.

Explore using dictionaries in Python with list values, assign keys to lists, retrieve nested values, and iterate to print sequence like 1, 2, 3, highlighting dict growth.

Explore Python dictionaries, create and inspect them, and use the get method to retrieve values with a default message when a key is missing.

Learn how dictionaries in Python map keys to values using tuples, create dictionaries from tuples, and print or access dictionary items to see the key-value pairs in action.

Explore how to work with dictionaries in Python by accessing keys and values, printing items, and using the get method to retrieve values.

Explore how Python sets store unique values, enforce no duplicates, and how to create empty or populated sets using set() with inputs like lists or strings.

Explore Python sets by using the set() function with lists, tuples, and strings, and learn how elements and their types behave, and that the order is not guaranteed.

Learn how the len function reports a set’s size and how add, update, and unique elements work, then compare remove and discard for element removal.

Learn how to use set operations in Python: compute union and intersection of two sets, ensuring unique elements, using the union method and checking common items.

Learn to serialize Python objects by converting them to bytes and saving them to a binary file with the pickle module, calling dump to serialize the objects for later retrieval.

Learn to serialize a student dictionary in Python using the pickle module by dumping it to a binary file, and retrieving it later.

Build a Python program that saves student names and scores to a file using a dictionary and serialization. Use a loop and sentinel to manage entries.

Explore object oriented programming as a shift from procedural coding, learning how objects contain data and their methods to reduce errors and improve implementation, with step-by-step explanations and examples.

Explore procedural versus object oriented programming, where objects combine data and methods, enabling encapsulation and private attributes that protect data from external access and reduce errors.

Compare procedural programming with object oriented programming, explaining how procedural separates data from the procedure, while object oriented centers on objects that combine data and methods.

Discover how object oriented programming separates data and procedures to improve maintainability and reduce errors, and learn about object reuse across programs.

Explore object oriented programming through a lamp analogy, where data attributes remain hidden from outside and can only be changed by internal methods that control on/off states and light intensity.

Learn how a class uses data attributes and two method types: public methods accessible from outside and private methods hidden from external access, illustrated by a clock example.

Learn how a class acts as a blueprint to create objects with attributes and methods. Create multiple objects from the same class, such as chairs or animals, using that blueprint.

Define a class as the blueprint for objects and name it with a capital letter. Use an initializer with self to set data attributes and enforce private vs public access.

Learn how to define a bank account class in Python, initialize with a type, use underscore leading private attributes, and implement methods to add money and show the balance.

Explore object-oriented programming by building a Python bank account example that creates objects, uses constructors, private attributes, and methods to deposit money into checking or saving accounts.

Explore object-oriented programming in Python by using accessors and mutators, an initializer, and a simple animal class to get and set attribute values.

Define the __str__ method inside a class using self to customize the object’s string representation, returning a description that prints automatically when the object is printed.

Create an object oriented employee information object using a class blueprint, initialize attributes, and use mutators and accessors to set and display the name, id, and shift.

Design and build an object-oriented Python program that estimates car prices by model and year, using a class, initializer, and a dictionary of price data.

Demonstrates building a grocery shop program using object oriented programming, defining a class with name and price, adding fruits to a basket, and displaying the basket before checkout.

Explore object oriented programming by building a Python program that saves a contact's name and phone number to a user-specified file, using a contact class and file operations.

Learn how inheritance lets a subclass extend a car class by inheriting all attributes and methods, adding its own initializer and accessors for make, mileage, and price.

Explore inheritance by extending a car class into a toyota subclass, accessing base methods like get_make, and creating a used car search with mileage, model, and price inputs.

Explore a real-world example of inheritance in Python by extending an old management class to a new management class, assigning general, marketing, and financial managers, and printing announcements.

Explore an inheritance-driven and object-oriented programming example in Python that models a car listing with make, model, miles, and an optional price, and demonstrates uploading data to a website.

Explore polymorphism by showing how a subclass can override a superclass method with the same name, and how the invoked method depends on the object's class.

This lecture explains recursion through a function that calls itself with a decreasing input until a base case stops at zero, illustrating recursive and base cases with hello world.

Design a Python recursive factorial program by prompting for a positive integer, implementing a base case at zero and a recursive step, and printing the result (e.g., 6 gives 720).

Explore a practical Python money transfer app that lets users add funds to their account or transfer between batches, using a for loop and lists to track amounts.

Compare recursion and loops to balance faster design versus faster execution. The lecture shows the first eight Fibonacci numbers produced by both a for loop and recursion.

Design a recursive program to compute the greatest common divisor of two integers entered by the user, using division without remainder, illustrated with 110 and 50.

Define a recursive function with a base case, stop conditions, and self-referential calls, and trace how the results accumulate to form the final value in Python.

Learn how the break statement stops a for or while loop when a condition is met, with examples using range and user input to terminate loops.

Learn to find the smallest missing positive integer in a list of integers, including negatives and duplicates, using a Python approach that filters positives, sorts, and detects the gap.

Explore a trivia style interview problem about a construct function that returns a pair, and how the first and last functions extract the pair’s elements from the inner structure.

Explore a two-sum interview problem: given a list of numbers and a target k, implement a function that returns true when any two numbers sum to k.

develop a python approach that, given a list of integers, returns a new list where each element is the product of all other numbers. illustrate with a 1,2,3,4,5 example.