Python 101

Explore how Python treats every value as an object, with names, types, and ids; apply naming rules and use type and id to inspect containers.

Explore Python numbers, including integers, floats, and complex types, with unlimited integer size and basic arithmetic. Utilize the math module for min, max, abs, factorial, and booleans true and false.

Explore Python strings, including string literals with single or double quotes, concatenation and repetition operators, raw strings with r prefix, backslash escapes, and triple quotes, preserving spaces and newlines.

Explore Python container objects—lists, tuples, sets, and dictionaries—learn how to create them with brackets or braces, see heterogeneous item types and key-value pairs, and preview mutability.

Explore mutable and immutable objects in Python, where lists and dictionaries are mutable while tuples and sets are immutable, with numbers and strings appearing mutable due to new object creation.

Explore python arithmetic operators, including plus, minus, multiply, divide, floor division //, modulus %, and **, with examples, and note that bitwise operators are covered next.

Explore bitwise operators in python 101, focusing on left shift and right shift, how they multiply or divide by two, and a brief look at not, or, and operators.

Explore Python comparison operators, including <, >, <=, >=, ==, and !=, plus identity operators is and is not. Learn how comparisons produce booleans for numbers, strings, and objects.

Explore Python assignment operators with practical examples, including +=, -=, /=, //, and <<= to update variables. Preview how these relate to bitwise operations and operator precedence.

Learn how Python uses if statements and else blocks to control flow, using indentation and a colon instead of braces, with conditional expressions like X is less than Y.

Learn how to use if, elif, and else statements in Python to assign grades based on score, test multiple conditions, and handle single or multi-line formats.

Learn how while loops use a condition to repeat actions, print numbers, increment counters, and build lists, with examples from 1 to 100 and finding even numbers.

Learn to use for loops to iterate over lists, dictionaries, and strings, extracting keys, values, and items while practicing with practical examples.

Learn how to use break and continue statements in Python loops, including while loops, to control loop execution, skip iterations, and exit loops, with examples printing characters and handling spaces.

Explore how range creates a sequence from start to stop with an optional step, observe that stop is not included, and view the results with list.

Learn how Python string objects behave as sequences of characters, support zero-based indexing and end-exclusive slicing, and how immutability means reassignment creates new objects.

Explore Python string object methods, including capitalize, upper, lower, and strip. See related formatting operations with practical examples that demonstrate manipulating strings.

Explore Python string methods such as find and index to locate substrings, replace with new text, and use the in operator, while examining alphanumeric, printable, and space properties.

Explore splitting strings into lists and joining items back into strings in Python, using split with a separator and optional max splits, and join to combine lists, tuples, or strings.

Learn how to format strings in Python using format strings, placeholders, and arguments by position or by name, with examples of tuples, indexing, and numeric bases.

Explore Python list objects, their mutability, indexing, and slicing. Learn how to concatenate, repeat, access via positive and negative indices, and use range to generate sublists and sequences.

Master Python list methods such as append, insert, remove, index, sort, and reverse. Learn to delete by index or slice and to modify lists with clear operations.

Learn to implement stacks and queues with Python lists. Push and pop from the stack end; queue operations from the ends to achieve first-in, first-out, with notes on efficiency.

Explore list comprehensions in Python to build lists from ranges, generate squares, filter even and odd numbers, and create tuples from number combinations.

Explore Python tuples as immutable sequences that hold mixed items, support indexing and slicing, and can be nested or include mutable objects like lists, with changes creating new objects.

Learn how Python sets are unordered collections of unique items; create them with curly braces or set(), convert lists to sets, and perform union, intersection, difference, and symmetric difference.

Learn how to create, access, and modify Python dictionaries, use keys and values, perform deletion and listing, and build dictionaries with comprehensions, tuples, and the dict function.

Learn Python dictionary object methods, including counting items, accessing and updating key values, and removing entries with in/not in checks, pop, popitem, and clear.

Explore dictionary view objects in Python, learn how items, keys, and values provide views of a dictionary, and practice iterating to track scores and reflect updates.

Master the basics of Python functions: define with def, name and parameters, call and return values, and use docstrings and indentation to avoid code repetition.

Discover how to pass parameters in Python using positional parameters, default values, and variable-length arguments (*args), with examples of sums and named parameters.

Learn how to pass parameters by name in Python, combining positional, variable-length, and named arguments, by processing dictionaries and formatting outputs with string formatting.

Explore how Python iterators work, from lists and strings to range objects, using for loops and the next function to retrieve items until exhaustion.

Learn how generator functions return an iterable object, compare them to Python's range function, and write your own generator with start, stop, and step.

Learn to write lambda functions in Python as small anonymous one-line expressions. See how they pair with map and reduce and act as callable objects in data processing.

Explore how map, reduce, and filter apply a function to each item in a container, producing a mapped list, a single value, or a filtered set, with lambda examples.

Explore object oriented programming concepts by defining classes as templates, creating objects as instances, and distinguishing class variables from instance variables, while learning about encapsulation, methods, inheritance, and method overriding.

Define Python classes and create objects, implement methods, and use constructors and self, manage instance and class variables, and customize string representation with __str__.

Extend a base class to create a student class, initialize with name, age, and GPA, and override string representations to display these properties.

Explore multiple inheritance in Python by combining two base classes, creating a new class, and overriding methods to customize attributes like name, age, city, and state.

Master Python file handling by opening files in text or binary modes, reading and writing efficiently, and navigating file pointers with seek and close operations.

Explore how to read a file and write to a file in Python using open, file objects, and iteration, including line numbering and closing files.

Open input and output files, read and write in chunks using a defined buffer size, and observe bytes processed for text and binary files.

Open a file and explore raw file object operations, using read to fetch data, and seek, tell, and length calculations to track the file pointer and position.

Learn how to use Python's standard modules, including random and time, by importing classes and functions to generate numbers, shuffle data, and handle paths.

Discover how to import and use Python's standard library modules, explore core functions like open, list, and range, and create simple models in scripts.