
Evolution of the Web: Brief history of Web 1.0, Web 2.0, and the core principles of Web3
Contrast Web2 and Web3 architecture, and show how front end and back end interact with a blockchain via a node server, EVM, and smart contracts, including private keys and MetaMask.
Compare traditional lending with decentralized finance (DeFi) to see how DApps and smart contracts enable asset deposits, collateralized loans, and interest payments without central authorities.
Explore decentralized autonomous organizations, where governance relies on voting by participants, guided by smart contracts, with transparency and no single CEO.
This lecture explains the difference between non-fungible tokens and fungible assets, showing that NFTs are unique ownership tokens representing digital assets like songs or paintings, traded on NFT marketplaces.
Discover how the web3.js library connects a web application to the Ethereum blockchain using Infura or localhost, with npm installation and a code example that creates an Ethereum account.
Explore ether.js, a simple and secure javascript library to connect your web app to the Ethereum blockchain, compare it with web3.js, and fetch block numbers with Infura.
Explore distributed ledger technology as an immutable, cryptographically secured database shared across multiple nodes, highlighting its transparency, availability, and trade-offs with centralized database.
Explain the block structure and hashing, including block number, data, previous hash, and nonce, and how miners use the mempool and a target to mine with sha-256.
Explore consensus mechanisms (proof of work, proof of stake, Byzantine fault tolerance) and how miners and validators reach agreement on transactions and blocks.
Compare public and private blockchains, detailing accessibility, authorization, centralization, and privacy, with consensus mechanisms like proof of work or proof of stake and examples Bitcoin and Hyperledger Fabric.
Learn solidity, a high-level language for writing Ethereum smart contracts, covering syntax, data types like int, uint, string, bool, and address, plus visibility specifiers.
Learn the smart contract lifecycle from creation and design to freezing, execution, and finalization, including on-chain storage, asset locking, condition-based execution, and final asset transfer.
Smart contracts offer autonomy, transparency, cost savings, and strong security via blockchain. However, they are complex, immutable, may face scalability issues, and depend on external data sources like oracles.
Explore blockchain network attacks, including 51% attacks with hashing power and double spending, routing attack, front running, and transaction privacy leakage.
Explore consensus mechanism vulnerabilities in PoW and PoS, including 51% attacks, selfish mining, and double spending, plus nothing-to-stake forks, long-range attacks, and stake grinding.
Explore how oracle manipulation affects smart contracts by tampering data, manipulating data feeds, and targeting oracle infrastructure, causing financial loss and smart contract exploits.
Explore how denial-of-service attacks disrupt blockchains by flooding networks with high-volume traffic, transaction spam, and block spam, causing congestion, isolation of nodes, and economic losses.
Explore how smart contract reentrancy works, demonstrated with Remix and Truffle, including deposit and withdraw scenarios, attacker patterns, and protections like mutex, guard conditions, and call-stack checks.
Explore how integer overflow and underflow affect smart contracts, with unsigned and signed 8-bit examples, and learn to detect, prevent, and secure Ethereum contracts using safe math.
Explore how Solidity self-destruct vulnerabilities enable ether theft, illustrate an exploit contract, and outline defenses such as avoiding self-destruct, using transfer, and secure randomness with keccak-256 or block hash.
Examine cross-site scripting (XSS) in dapp interfaces and how attackers steal data or take control. Demonstrate sanitizing input, encoding output, and testing Burp Suite or Wasp Zap to prevent attacks.
Explore SQL injection in decentralized databases and how sqlmap automates detection and exploitation. Learn blind and time-based SQL injection techniques and basic defenses like input filters and wafs.
Learn how authentication bypass in web3 wallets can occur via MetaMask or Wallet Connect, the risks from compromised dapps and social engineering, and best practices to prevent unauthorized access.
Learn about front-end injection attacks in dApps and how JavaScript injection tools enable exploitation. Discover defenses like input sanitization, content security policy, https, and web application firewalls.
Explore how a denial-of-service vulnerability in Geth, the Go-based Ethereum client, triggers panics when nil nodes are processed and how explicit error checks prevent it.
Learn how gas price vulnerabilities in Ethereum enable front running, miner manipulation, and DDoS attacks through the gas guzzler concept and scripted examples.
Demonstrates how time-based attacks exploit block timestamps to bypass the lock period in smart contracts, using a time lock vault example with deposit and withdrawal.
explains replay attacks on cross-chain transactions, showing how an intercepted valid transfer can be replayed on another blockchain to lose funds, with a practical vulnerable contract demo and impact discussion.
Explain gas limit vulnerability on blockchain, where a contract loop exhausts gas and leads to a transaction failing with an out-of-gas error, yet users still incur gas costs.
explore blockchain reorganization attacks where forks occur, a longer chain with 51% of the hash rate discards competing blocks and reorganizes the ledger.
Explore supply chain attacks on blockchain, focusing on vulnerable Docker images and dependencies, where dependency confusion, malware, and insecure configurations can expose keys and compromise data.
Welcome to the cutting-edge world of Web3 penetration testing! In this comprehensive Udemy course, you'll delve into the intricate architecture of Web3, exploring its evolution from Web 1.0 to the decentralized marvel of Web3. Uncover the core principles underpinning Web3 architecture, including frontend, backend, APIs, blocks, and peer-to-peer networks.
Embark on a journey through the diverse Web3 ecosystem, from Decentralized Finance (DeFi) to Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). Gain practical insights into common Web3 protocols like Web3.js and Ethers.js, empowering you to navigate the complexities of blockchain technology with ease.
Dive deep into the fundamentals of blockchain, understanding Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), block structure, hashing, and consensus mechanisms. Master the Solidity programming language for smart contracts, exploring their lifecycle, gas fees, and transaction costs.
Equip yourself with the skills to identify and exploit vulnerabilities in Web3 networks and smart contracts. Learn to thwart blockchain network attacks, mitigate smart contract vulnerabilities, and fortify Web3 application security against cross-site scripting (XSS), SQL injection, authentication bypass, and front-end injection attacks.
Explore advanced topics in network and protocol vulnerabilities, including Denial-of-Service (DoS) attacks, gas price vulnerabilities, time-based attacks, replay attacks, consensus algorithm weaknesses, and supply chain attacks. Harness specialized tools and techniques to detect and mitigate threats, ensuring the resilience of blockchain infrastructure in the face of evolving cyber threats.
Whether you're a seasoned cybersecurity professional or a budding blockchain enthusiast, this course provides the essential knowledge and hands-on experience to excel in Web3 penetration testing. Enroll now and embark on your journey to becoming a master of Web3 security!