Water Desalination

This lecture discusses important statistics about desalination including:

• Distribution of water desalination demand in the world

• Desalination growth in the world from 1960 till 2020

• Global distribution of desalination plants and their capacity

• Global distribution of desalination plants based on the used technology and feedwater source

• Main applications of desalinated water

• Highest production countries of desalinated water

Additionally, interesting facts about desalination will be presented end of this lecture.

There are three important documents in the resources giving more insights about desalination statistics and technologies, hope you can read them because they are comprehensive.

Enjoy it ..

This section discusses the most important water chemistry concepts and parameters including:

• Water chemical & physical properties

• Water pH

• Electrical conductivity (EC)

• Total Dissolved Solids (TDS)

• Water Hardness (reading only)

• Water Alkalinity

• Total Suspended Solids (TSS)

• Salts solubility

• SDI Test

Water Chemistry is a crucial part of understanding water desalination, especially it helps to evaluate the performance of desalination plants.

The resources section has very important documents which are:

1. Water Hardness Description

2. Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality (WHO)

Please read the first resource and keep the second as your reference in drinking water guidelines.

Enjoy it ..

This lecture discusses the basic physical and chemical properties of water.

In this lecture, we discuss the basic principles of water pH including examples of materials at different pH values. This includes the relationship between pH and water temperature.

Attached is a guideline from WHO (World Health Organization) about "pH in Drinking Water"

Enjoy it ..

In this lecture, we discuss the basic principles of the electrical conductivity of water including its scientific concept, electrode design, and meter.

Attached is a document from Hach Company explaining basic principles of water conductivity according to ISO Standard 7888:1985.

Enjoy it ..

In this lecture, we discuss the basic principles of Total dissolved solids (TDS) of water including its scientific concept, types of water, Measurement options of TDS, the relationship between conductivity and TDS, and finally TDS measurement. 

Attached is a document from WHO about "TDS in Drinking Water".

Enjoy it ..

In this lecture, we discuss the basic principles of Water Alkalinity, Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Salts Solubility, and Silt Density Index (SDI) test.

There are some attached documents that would be helpful as the following:

• Water pH and Alkalinity (USEPA)

• Solubility Rules of Salts in Water

Enjoy it ..

This section discusses the desalination definition and general overview of desalination methods such as:

• Multi-stage Flash Distillation (MSF)

• Multi-effect Distillation (MED)

• Reverse Osmosis (RO)

• Solar Desalination

• Ion Exchange & others

Attached are some important documents for your reference and optional reading obtained from their original sources which are:

1. Desalination for Safe Water Supply (WHO)

2. Overview of Desalination Techniques

3. Future Sustainable Water Desalination Technologies for Saudi Arabia: A Review

Enjoy it ..

In this lecture, we discuss the basic important principles of Wthermal desalination such as:

• Types of Thermal Desalination Technologies

• Important Terminologies

• Top Brine Temperature (TBT)

• Gain Output Ratio (GOR)

• Performance Ratio

• Concentration Ratio (Cr)

• Recovery

There are many other details that are discussed in this lecture.

Enjoy it ..

In this lecture, we discuss different types of MSF designs and basic operational principles.

Enjoy it ..

In this lecture, we discuss different types of MED designs and basic operational principles.

Enjoy it ..

This lecture discusses the differences between MSF and MED technologies in terms of operation & maintenance, design, and troubleshooting.

Enjoy it ..

This lecture discusses the principles of vapor compression and presents two types of compressors:

• Thermal Compressor

• Mechanical  Compressor

Also, there are other details that are discussed in this lecture.

Enjoy it ..

This lecture discusses the meaning of COGEN & Hybrid plants. Also explains the differences between three types of plants:

• Gas Turbine & Desalination

• Gas Turbine & Steam Turbine & Desalination

• Steam Turbine & Desalination

Also, there are other details that are discussed in this lecture.

Enjoy it ..

This lecture discusses the principles of solar desalination plants.

In the resources, there are documents that would be helpful in elaborating more in this regard.

• Recent Developments in Solar Thermal Desalination Technologies, A Review

• Solar Desalination, A Chapter

Also, there are other details that are discussed in this lecture.

Enjoy it ..

This lecture explains the principle of membrane used in water treatments

Enjoy it ..

This lecture discusses the types and configurations of membranes used in water treatments.

Enjoy it ..

This lecture discusses the principles of reverse osmosis (RO), membrane specifications, spiral wound membrane, and important terms such as:

• Stage & Pass

• Pressure Vessel

• RO Module

• RO Recovery

In the resources, there is an excellent document from Dupont Called "FilmTec Reverse Osmosis Membranes Manual", it is very helpful to gain more knowledge in this field.

Also, there are other details that are discussed in this lecture.

Enjoy it ..

This lecture discusses the operational factors of RO plants and different types of fouling and troubleshooting such as:

• Scaling

• Biofouling

• Colloidal Fouling

Also, there are other details that are discussed in this lecture.

Enjoy it ..

This lecture discusses the economical factors related to desalination technologies and plants. That includes:

• CAPEX (Capital Expenses)

• OPEX (Operational Expenses)

In the resources, there is an important document that presents a reference study related to desalination economics.

Also, there are other details that are discussed in this lecture.

Enjoy it ..

This lecture discusses the basic principles of ion exchange desalination and some examples.

Also, there are other details that are discussed in this lecture.

Enjoy it ..

This lecture discusses the basic principles of electrodialysis desalination and some examples.

Also, there are other details that are discussed in this lecture.

Enjoy it ..