
Introduction to Intervals and the 12 notes
An interval is the distance between any two notes.
A semitone, or half-step, is the smallest interval in western music. If you move up or down on a piano keyboard key-by-key, without skipping any black key or white key, you are playing semitones. If you move up or down one fret at a time on a guitar or bass, you are playing semitones.
A whole tone, or whole-step, is equal to two semitones.
Music Theory
Intervals 2
As we’ve learnt, an interval is the distance between any two notes. Let’s look at all the intervals that occur within any given octave.
Music Theory
The Overtone Series, also called the Harmonic Series, is at the very foundation of music theory and harmony.
Music Theory
The Major Scale
Every key contains seven notes. In any major key, if we line up each of these notes according to pitch so that we can play them up and down, starting on the root and ending on an octave, we have the major scale.
If you were to run notes up the neck of a guitar playing only whole tones at every second fret, you would be playing a whole tone scale. The whole tone scale doesn’t have the same clear identity that a major or minor scale does.
A major scale has unique elements which give it its characteristic sound. It contains a specific collection of intervals: a root, major 2nd, major 3rd, perfect 4th, perfect 5th, major 6th, and major 7th.
And, unlike the whole tone scale that has even steps between every note, the major scale contains two naturally occurring half-steps. In the major scale, these half steps (also called leading tones) are between the 3rd and 4th and the 7th and 8th notes of the scale.
These leading tones create a sense of gravity as they lead, or pull, toward a note a half-step away. The position of these half-steps helps to define both the scale itself, and each notes place and function within the scale.
Music Theory
How to Learn to Sing on Pitch
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Here is an ear training skills builder applying the major scale.
Music Theory
Practice Guide
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An introduction to note values.
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An introduction to the notes of the treble clef.
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An introduction to the notes of the bass clef.
Music Theory
Key Signatures Part 2 - The Order of Sharps
In identifying or creating key signatures, the order of sharps and the order of flats are each applied in their own way.
The order of sharps is used to establish the leading tone, or major 7th interval for the root of a key.
When looking at a key signature with sharps, all we need do is look to the last sharp — this is the leading tone for the key — so, a half-step up from this note, is the root or keynote.
Here is the order of sharps with its mnemonic device: Father Charles Goes Down And Ends Battle.
The first sharp we have in the order of sharps is F. F sharp is the 7th of the key in question. The keynote is simply a half-step up. Therefore, if F sharp is the only sharp in the key signature, the key is G major.
Music Theory
Key Signatures Part 3 - The Order of Flats
The flats assigned in a key signature follow the order of flats. The keynote is the next to last flat.
To identify a key signature with flats, we look to the last flat, then simply go back one. This is the keynote — the root or tonic for the key.
Here’s the order of flats with its mnemonic device: Battle Ends And Down Goes Charles’s Father.
We know from the order of flats that if there’s one flat, it must be B flat. This is the key of F major or its relative key — D minor.
If there are two flats they must be — Battle Ends — B flat and E flat. The last flat is E. Going back one we get B flat. Therefore, the key is B flat major.
Music Theory
Intervals Ear Training Session.
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Intervals 2 - Ear Training Session
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Music Notation Skills Builder
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Music Notation Skills Builder 2
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Music Notation Skills Builder Bass Clef Level 1
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Music Notation Skills Builder Bass Clef Level 2
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Key Signatures Skills Builder
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Key Signatures Skills Builder - Bass Clef
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The C Major Scale
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The B Flat Major Scale
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The D Major Scale
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Active Learning Answer Key - Level One
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Active Learning Workbook - Composition
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Triads - The Four Types
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Triads and CEGBDFACE
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The Minor Key and Its Scale
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Time Signatures - An Introduction
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Chromatics
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Chords
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Ear Training Skills Builder - The Minor Scale
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Triads Skills Builder - The Four Types
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Scales Ear Training
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Triads Ear Training Session 1
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Triads Ear Training Session 2
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Time Signatures Training
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Triads Ear Training Session 4
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Triads Ear Training Session 3
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Time Signatures Training 2
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Triads Ear Training Session 5
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Music Notation Skills Builder 3
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Music Notation Skills Builder Bass Clef Level 3
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Time Signatures Training 3
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Triads Ear Training Session 6
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Seven Triads in C Major
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The A Minor Scale in the Active Learning Workbook
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F Sharp Minor
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Active Learning Answer Key - Level Two
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Active Learning Workbook Composition
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Three-note Chords
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Chord Order Skills Builder
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Time Signatures
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Chord Functions
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Harmonic Minor, Melodic Minor, and Cadences
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Relative and Parallel Keys
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Identifying intervals by the melody of familiar songs.
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Ear Training Intervals 3
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Ear Training Intervals 4
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Chords Ear Training 1
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Chords Ear Training 2
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Minor Scales Ear Training
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Minor Scales Ear Training 2
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Three Minor Scales Ear Training
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Time Signatures Training 3
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Time Signatures Training - Odd Meters
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Building a Chord
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C Harmonic Minor
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Building a Melodic Minor Scale
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B Melodic Minor
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Answer Key - Level Three
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Chord Construction - 7th Chords
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Chord Inversions
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Chord Order in Minor Keys
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The Circle of Fifths
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Dynamics in Music Notation
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Cadences
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Foundations of Music Theory
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Music Notation for Multiple Instruments
The Overtone Series
Learning to Sing and Play on Pitch
Key Signatures - All Keys
Time Signatures - Basic, Compound, and Odd Meters!
The Major Scale and the Minor Scales - Natural Minor, Harmonic Minor, Melodic Minor
All Seven Modes
Chord Progressions
The Circle of Fifths
Chord Construction - Triad-based three-note chords, 7th chords (diatonic and non-diatonic), 6th Chords, Suspended Chords
Music Theory Matched with Ear Training
Roman Numeral Analysis for Applied Music Theory
Chord Functions
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