
Israeli Krav Maga
The Krav Maga self-defense system can be summarized as the fierce, optimum orchestration of counter-violence designed to prevail against any aggressor. General principles are applied and customized to meet the needs of a particular situation. A few mastered “families” of krav maga tactics are highly effective against the overwhelming majority of threats and attacks. By design, krav maga defenses largely harness instinctive adaptable gross motor movements to contend with the unpredictability of an attack. Each defense combines deflections and redirections, evasive body defenses, and simultaneous or near-simultaneous counterattacks against vulnerable anatomy with extreme prejudice delivered to overwhelm an attacker. Most importantly, krav maga self defense is devoid of any rules. The system conforms to your strengths; you need not conform to the system. This is, in part, the genius of how founder Imi Lichtenfeld built krav maga. Grandmaster Gidon continues to improve the foundations of krav maga and evolve the self-defense and fighting system.
Good tactical minds think alike. Whatever your martial arts or defensive tactics background, hopefully, the following material can add some additional defensive solutions to your repertoire. Our goal is to augment your capabilities—to add additional arrows to your proverbial quiver. In the interest of providing a concise approach, I have tried to summarize here many essential topics from my previous six books: Krav Maga (2004), Advanced Krav Maga (2008), Krav Maga Weapon Defenses (2012), Krav Maga Professional Tactics (2016), Krav Maga Defense (2016), and Krav Maga Combatives(2019).
This book draws on materials from nearly every level of the curriculum. All the tactics you will read and evaluate are linked to our previous books and video materials. Notably, several weapon defense series photos provide a preview of the forthcoming book Krav Maga Weapon Defenses II.
While my objective is focused heavily on presenting krav maga’s fighting insights, I believe providing access to short overviews of krav maga’s emphasis on avoiding and preventing violence is paramount. Furthermore, I believe it would be both unprofessional and irresponsible as well as fail to do the IKMA curriculum justice were I not to include a summary of Israeli krav maga’s approach to conflict avoidance, De-escalation Communication and Education™, and de-confliction, and escape. Violence avoidance and prevention are, without question, the best collective pre-conflict and post-conflict survival practices. Remember, the only violent battle you are sure to win is the one you avoid.
Civilian Krav Maga Tactics
Security-minded civilians master krav maga to construct a defensive shield against violence, not to develop an offensive capability to perpetrate violence. Krav maga training’s goal for civilians is simple: to deliver you from harm’s way using autonomic responses that both harness and hone krav maga’s instinctive tactics. The tactics become not second nature but first nature.
The ultimate goal is that you never hesitate about resorting to overwhelming, optimized counter-violence in the face of an unavoidable threat or attack. When there is no other choice but to defend yourself, you may be compelled to maim, cripple, and even use lethal force against an attacker, but only if under the totality of the circumstances such defense measures are legally justifiable. In actual fights, the combatants, even if they have formal training, often dispense with any complex learned training and resort to primitive combative tactics fueled by anger and bloodlust. The depth of violence will largely depend on the participants involved and how quickly animal instincts hijack the situation. In krav maga, breaking bones, injuring ligaments, and destroying an eyeball are optimized and emphasized both tactically and strategically to end the attack—provided these debilitating tactics represent proportional force. Women are often victims of violence and crime because the assailant thinks he can get away with it without injury to himself. Krav maga is designed to exact a steep physical toll on anyone who will not listen to reason and is intent on harming you.
In the basest, most primal sense, when faced with a life-threatening situation, the kravist understands how to inflict terrible, debilitating wounds on an adversary. There is no pity or compassion in a self-defense situation, but only if, once again, the counterforce is legally justifiable. In general terms, the party who significantly damages the other party first usually prevails, provided he presses the counterattack home to neutralize the threat.
Developing a personal defense strategy solely grounded in proven tactics is essential. While targeting your adversary’s vulnerable anatomy is always a key linchpin to winning a violent encounter, many situations require some specific defensive-priority and reaction stratagems. One indisputable self-defense tenet is to get off the line of an attack. Another crucial strategy is to optimally deflect or redirect a weapon for maximum control and subsequent confiscation. If you are faced with multiple (un)armed adversaries any coherent strategy can be rapidly taxed to its limit. In other words, any built-in margin for error is drastically reduced. Therefore, you cannot simply rely on what your untrained instinct tells you to do. Instead, krav maga dictates that you harness your natural instincts and training, and optimize your inbred survival mechanisms. To survive an unavoidable violent onslaught uninjured, you must internalize a few core interrelated and interdependent fight strategies. Your self-defense path must become first nature through correct mental and physical training.
Best Use of Training Partners
The importance of a determined training partner who is prepared to challenge and attack you cannot be understated. The reality is that committed attackers are not going to stop the attack until you stop them. Obviously, in training, one must not injure one’s training partner, so strict control of combatives and range must be honored. At the same time, the attacker does not give up until the defender correctly attacks using anatomical targeting that would debilitate the attacker.
In large part, the difference between professional training and amateur training is the intensity and commitment of a realistic simulated attack. Note that when participating in a higher level of training, real attacks can be orchestrated, however using real knives and live firearms is neither recommended nor wise. The internet is replete with videos of the most common attacks, from the push to heinous killings. Realistic training examples include retracting the arm used in a punch or knife attack to immediately attack again, choking at 100 percent, swinging 100 percent at the attacker’s head with a padded glove or with a foam baton, and yanking back one’s replica gun-wielding hand as a gunman would, should someone try to disarm him (such as when a defense is initiated).
Foremost, in learning krav maga, as skill levels permit, a partner mustsimulate the intensity and barbarity of a concerted attack. This is one of the first and most important lessons Grandmaster Haim Gidon taught me. This distinguishes the Israeli krav maga taught by Haim, his top instructors, and his students. In my opinion, the level of training in Haim’s gym is unsurpassed in the krav maga world.For sample videos check out Grandmaster Gidon’s Facebook page (https://www.facebook.com/gidonsystemkravmaga/). There are myriad videos in the marketplace of people grunting and showing aggression, but the attack is often timid, uncommitted, and unrealistic. One cannot improve without realistic training and tactics that represent the realities of a determined attack. It is that simple.
The Language of Krav Maga
Once you understand the language of krav maga, you can better understand the method:
Combative: Any manner of strike, takedown, throw, joint lock, choke, or other offensive fighting movement.
Deadside: Your adversary’s deadside, in contrast to his liveside, places you behind his near shoulder or facing his back. You are in an advantageous position to counterattack and control him because it is difficult for him to use his arm and leg furthest away from you to attack you. You should always move to the deadside when possible. When executed properly, this will also place the adversary between you and any third-party threat.
Kravist: A term I coined to describe a smart and prepared krav maga fighter.
Liveside: When you are in front of your adversary and your adversary can both see you and use all his arms and legs against you, you are facing his or her liveside.
L-parry: A defensive arm movement that leads a defense by delivering a mini-forearm chop to an incoming attacker’s arm. The defensive rotational arm movement is best delivered when the deflecting arm is bent 70 or so degrees to optimally extend the arm.
Nearside: Your adversary’s limb closest to your torso.
Off-angle: An attack angle that is not face-to-face.
Parry: A redirection of an incoming strike.
Retzev: A Hebrew word that means “continuous motion” in combat. The backbone of modern Israeli krav maga, retzev enables you to move your body instinctively in combat motion without thinking about your next move. When in a dangerous situation, you’ll automatically call upon your physical and mental training to a launch seamless, overwhelming counterattack using strikes, takedowns, throws, joint locks, chokes, or other offensive actions combined with evasive action. Retzev is quick and decisive movement merging all aspects of your krav maga training. Defensive movements transition automatically into offensive movements to neutralize the attack, affording your adversary little time to react.
Same side: An arm or leg directly opposite that of an opponent when you are facing each other. For example, in this situation your right arm is “same side” to his left arm.
Stepping off the line: Using footwork and body movement to take evasive action against a linear attack such as a straight punch or kick. Such movement is also referred to as breaking the angle of attack.
Tai sabaki: A 180-degree or semicircle step executed by swinging one leg around behind yourself. Often used to create torque on a joint to complete a takedown or control hold.
Trapping: Occurs when you pin or grab the adversary’s arms with one arm, leaving you free to continue combatives with your other arm.
This clip serves as an introduction to Israeli Krav Maga as taught by IKMA U.S. Chief Instructor and seven-time award winning Krav Maga author David Kahn.
Three Levels of Kravists Principle (Yellow Belt)
Level I: Still reactionary and defensive (beginner)
Level II: Capable of simultaneous defense and attack (advanced)
Level III: Capable of recognizing an impending attack and preempting (usually with a kick, though other combatives may be used, of course) the attack (expert)
Simultaneous Defense & Attack (All Belt Levels)
Each defense combines deflection-redirections, evasive actions, and simultaneous or near-simultaneous counter-attacks with extreme prejudice to dominate the opponent.
Combine your defense and offense into one complete strategy
In short, you’ll attack the attacker.
Combatives Tactical Summary
A kravist’s violent intent governs his violence of action. True self-defense or counterviolence focuses not simply on survival but rather on how to optimally injure, cripple, maim, and—if necessary and justified—kill. If you begin with the intent to injure and neutralize your opponent, a trained paroxysm of counterviolence is more likely to favorably conclude the situation. Use the closest weapon to attack the closest target. Your goal is to achieve traumatic injury in the shortest time using the most opportune route. Target the opponent’s vulnerable anatomy, damage that anatomy, continue to damage it, and capitalize on debilitating him to move on to the next anatomical target as necessary. Inflicting injury obviously affords the opportunity to impose more injury. For example, delivering a debilitating side kick to an adversary’s knee usually immobilizes him, exposing him to your further onslaught. In short, a kravist’s rapid infliction of successive damage, mutilation, and wounds epitomizes the optimum use of counterviolence.
Attack the Attacker: Anatomical Targeting
To stop an assailant, krav maga primarily targets the body’s vital soft tissue, chiefly the groin, neck, and eyes. Other secondary targets include the kidneys, solar plexus, knees, liver, joints, fingers, nerve centers, and other smaller, fragile bones. The professional also immediately recognizes that an assailant might also target these same targets and, accordingly, takes measures to protect one’s own vital anatomy. A protective posture or stance is integral to krav maga training. In addition, krav maga teaches you to disarm assailants and, if necessary, turn the weapon against them. The system differs from other systems that may rely primarily on targeting difficult-to-locate nerve centers.
Forging an awareness of your own personal weapons and an adversary’s vulnerabilities is essential to fight strategy and tactics, especially when he is armed and you are not. There are no rules in a fight, particularly in the life-or-death struggle of combat. This lack of rules distinguishes the system from sport fighting.
Krav maga, initially developed as a military fighting discipline, employs lethal-force techniques. Lethal force may involve crushing the skull, cutting off an aggressor’s oxygen supply or blood flow, severing the spine or major arteries, or stopping or penetrating the heart, along with several other slower-acting methods of inflicting trauma. Founder Imi Lichtenfeld was resolute that these techniques remain confined to military and professional security circles. While these techniques are integrated at the highest levels of the IKMA curriculum, trainees who are exposed to them are highly vetted.
In both defending and attacking, recognizing the human anatomy’s vulnerabilities is essential to fight strategy and tactics. The human body is amazingly resilient. Therefore, an adversary may only be stopped when his offensive capabilities are put out of commission by nonlethal concussive force, joint dislocations, bone breaks, or cutting off the blood supply to the brain, resulting in unconsciousness. If necessary, krav maga also employs chokes and “blood” chokes to render an adversary unconscious or worse.
With proper body positioning, an adversary on the ground can be pummeled severely while giving him little defensive recourse. Logically, in both standing and ground fights, it becomes difficult for an adversary to fight effectively if his hands or limbs are broken, and rendering an adversary unconscious quickly ends a fight. Every type of lock requires moving the joint against its natural articulation with breaking pressure. While we teach certain core arm dislocation positions, once you have an understanding of the biomechanics, you can apply the principles to many situations. This is especially important in the fluidity of a fight. Optimally, you will use the entire force and weight of your body to apply pressure against an adversary’s joint. This is the key principle to joint locks. Remember that a joint lock, however decisive and quick, still ties you up momentarily, exposing you to a second adversary—or multiple adversaries—attacking you.
Injuring versus Hurting
Pain may stop some assailants, but others have enormous pain thresholds. Therefore, an opponent may only be decisively stopped when his offensive capabilities are put out of commission by joint dislocations, bone breaks, or by cutting off the oxygen or blood supply to the brain, resulting in unconsciousness.
Spinal reflexes govern the body’s physical reaction to damage. While physically resilient, the human body is affected by structural injury in a somewhat predictable manner. Therefore, a kravist can generally predict how his counterattacks will affect the assailant’s subsequent movements or capabilities. Strategically, inflicting a first-salvo injury against an adversary opens the door to unleash subsequent injurious counterattacks. As another example, when an attacker is hit in the face, usually his head will jolt backward, exposing his throat and neck to attack while also forcing his pelvis forward to expose his groin for further attack. As emphasized, the optimum way to end a violent conflict is to injure the opponent rapidly and repeatedly as necessary.
Deadly, concerted, one-on-one, up-close-and-personal violence usually lasts no more than a few seconds. Adopting a simple survival mind-set is inadequate; you must not get seriously injured or maimed. One usually does not cleanly win a violent hand-to-hand combat encounter. One survives it, subject to an injury scale. Krav maga, at its core, does not reflect “fighting” prowess so much as the ability to damage the adversary. In a fight, experienced combatants understand that specific defensive tactics rarely work or are applied. Rather, it is your offensive capabilities that are paramount. In a fight, a well-timed, decisive pre-emptive attack creating anatomical damage followed by additional combatives usually prevails. In other words, the victor is whichever fighter first successfully exploits an anatomical vulnerability of his opponent with a well-placed debilitating combative and, then, who continues to serially injure the opponent through retzev continuous combat motion.
When there is no choice but to use counterviolence, a kravist is compelled to maim, cripple, or—provided the circumstances are legally justifiable—kill an assailant by, say, breaking bones, disabling ligaments, or destroying an eyeball. In short, and in an animalistic sense, inflicting terrible, debilitating wounds on an adversary—maiming an assailant—balances power in the kravist’s favor.
It is axiomatic that the party who significantly damages the other party first usually prevails if he presses the counterattack home to neutralize the threat. Once again, there is no pity or humanity in visceral self-defense or hand-to-hand combat provided the ends justify the means in the correct use of force. Survivors do not waver in believing they will impose their will on an aggressor to alter the outcome.
> You must be able to legally articulate what you did and why you did it à objectively reasonable.
> Rules govern the proportionality of permissible counter-force.
> Self-defense may be defined as reasonably necessary counter-force to protect yourself from suffering potential injury or death.
> You must not use force that is likely to cause seriously bodily injury or death unless you reasonably believe that you will be maimed or killed.
> Use more force than is necessary, you lose the privilege of self-defense.
> Legally, self-defense is an affirmative defense that you were not the aggressor.
> Apparent necessity, not actual necessity will suffice for a sustainable self-defense explanation.
You will have to articulate why you had no choice but to use counter-violence:
Intent (stated or evident goal of harming you)
Capability (has the prowess or tools to harm you)
Opportunity (proximity)
No preclusion (retreat was not available to you)
You recognized the difference between normal movements versus attack movements à well-known threatening attack movement patterns.
Your goal and intent was to stop the threat, not to cause wanton injury.
Your pre-existing learned knowledge of threats.
Aggressor presents counter-measures against your initial safety measures.
An aggressor develops proximity and ability to attack;
Given the totality of the circumstances, why you reasonably believed you faced imminent and immediate physical danger.
Why an attack was not just possible, but, it was probable
There was no reasonable preclusion (retreat) was available.
In stopping the threat, you recognized the probable outcome of not stopping the threat (suffering a fractured eye orbit or broken nose, having your head smashed on the ground, being stomped, etc.)
For this point, you may have provide answers to such representative direct use of force questions as:
Why didn’t you summon the police?
How did you know or prove the other party was going to attack you?
Didn’t you intend to purposefully injure the other party?
You train in krav maga to injure people, correct?
Using a retzev counter-attack will invite acute legal scrutiny.
Stance & Movement (Yellow Belt)
The Regular Outlet Stance
The fighting stance provides the optimum defensive and offensive platform.
Blade your body to protect your vital areas, especially, your groin.
Place your feet close together with your toes facing forward. Rotate your toes counter clockwise as you turn your body 30° to your left. Take a step back with the right foot and raise your back heel slightly and drop your body weight into the ball of your foot until you feel comfortable and balanced.
Allow just enough separation between your rear heel and the ground to slide a piece of paper under your foot. Your feet should be parallel with about 55% of your weight over your front leg.
Position your arms in front of your face and slightly forward. Extend your arms so your triceps are parallel to the ground. Bend your elbows to form approximately a 60° angle. Hold your hands at eyebrow level, about six inches apart, but do not block your line of sight.
Try always to remain the balls of your feet as much as you can.
Your feet should always move in concert; but do not overextend yourself.
Movement
Move your feet in concert and equidistant.
When moving quickly try to move on the balls of your feet rather than foot to heel.
From a left outlet stance, to move to your right, initiate movement with your forward left leg and then bring your rear right leg to side. This protects your groin.
From a left outlet stance, to move to your left, initiate movement with your rear right leg and then bring your front left leg to side using a crossover step. This protects your groin.
From a left outlet stance, to move on a 45 degree angle to your left, initiate movement with your forward left leg and then bring your rear right leg to the 45 degree step.
From a left outlet stance, to move on a 45 degree angle to your right, still initiate movement with your forward left leg and then bring your rear right leg to the 45 degree step.
Core Footwork (Yellow Belt)
Core Footwork
Move your feet in concert and equidistant.
When moving quickly try to move on the balls of your feet rather than foot to heel.
From a left outlet stance, to move to your right, initiate movement with your forward left leg and then bring your rear right leg to side. This protects your groin.
From a left outlet stance, to move to your left, initiate movement with your rear right leg and then bring your front left leg to side using a crossover step. This protects your groin.
From a left outlet stance, to move on a 45 degree angle to your left, initiate movement with your forward left leg and then bring your rear right leg to the 45 degree step.
From a left outlet stance, to move on a 45 degree angle to your right, still initiate movement with your forward left leg and then bring your rear right leg to the 45 degree step.
Deadside Positioning
Your attacker's dead side, in contrast to the attacker’s live side, places you behind the attacker’s near shoulder or facing the attacker’s back. You are in an advantageous position to counterattack and control the attacker because it is difficult for the attacker to use the attacker’s far arm and leg to attack you. You should always move to the dead side when possible. This also places the attacker between you and any additional third-party threat.
Getting Up
You should always get up to your feet as soon as possible. If you are taken down or all down, you risk a second assailant or multiple assailants attacking you. To state the obvious, fighting multiple adversaries on the ground is extremely difficult. In short, do not go to the ground if it can be helped.
To get up as quickly as you can by sliding your left leg back and onto the ball of your foot while posting one hand on the ground to deliver more combatives and make your escape.
While engaged in the brace, you may also use your left leg to kick the attacker’s groin with your heel or kick the attacker’s thigh to knock the attacker’s left leg out from under the attacker and then kick the attacker in the head.
Side Shimee
From your defensive posture as practiced with straight kicks from the ground, you can create separation from your opponent by snaking your body (sliding backwards), all the while maintaining a strong defensive position.
Lie on your back.
Raise your right shoulder blade and push yourself backwards with the ball of your right foot.
Protect your head by positioning your arms as you would in a standing outlet stance.
Keep your left foot flush against the ground and be prepared to dig your heel into the ground for traction. Repeat the process with your left shoulder blade and left foot. Inch back, switching from side to side.
Once you get used to snaking, practice the technique while delivering alternating sidekicks to protect and separate yourself from your opponent.
Rear Crawling Retreat
The rear crawling retreat offers yet another escape option when you find yourself on your back.
Lie on your back.
Partially sit up and dig your heels and the heels of your palms into the ground, pushing yourself back with all four limbs and dragging your buttocks with you.
In essence, you are scampering backward.
Fall Breaks (Yellow Belt)
Backward Fallbreaks
Side Fall Breaks
Forward Fall Breaks
By using your body to create the broadest possible striking surface against the ground, the backward fallbreak will reduce your impact with the ground, distributing the force of the fall through the more durable areas of your body: the gluteus and your forearms. The importance of this safety technique reaches well beyond self-defense applications. For example, the next time you slip on a sheet of ice, the backward fall break will come in handy.
Lie flat on your back.
Tuck your chin into your chest so that the back of your head rises off the ground.
Cross your arms to form a 45 degree angle with one arm overlapping the other over your chest.
Quickly extend your arms out to your sides,
45 degrees below chest level, with your palms down and fingers together.
Slap the ground with your arms as you exhale from your lower abdomen.
Exhaling on impact creates a vacuum that prevents having the wind knocked out during the fall.
Raise one leg as though you were going to deliver a straight defensive kick from the ground. This will protect your tailbone and spine from impact.
Prop yourself on the ball of the other foot with your heel off the ground to gain your balance.
This is the position into which you want to fall to protect your head, spine, and tailbone from serious injury.
Practice tucking your chin, slapping the ground, exhaling, and raising one leg several times from your crossed arms position on your back.
Once you can coordinate the movements, practice from a low squat, letting yourself fall backward.
Once you can coordinate your movements from a squatting position, practice from differing heights and eventually from standing.
Side Fallbreak
The side fallbreak prepares you in case you must fall to your side. For the side fall break, you must slap the ground with the arm closest to the ground, using the same slapping motion as the rear fall break. As you fall, elevate the same-side leg (closest to the ground) to avoid your knee crashing the ground. Immediately attack the attacker using an eye gouge or other combative to the attacker’s head.
By turning on your side, insert your top foreleg and knee between you and the attacker to keep the attacker at bay as you deliver combatives such as eye gouges and throat strikes. The “brakes” technique disengages you from an attacker who is trying to spread your legs or mount you.
Remember, your hips and legs are your most powerful muscles; use them well. Prepare to deliver a heel kick the attacker’s head or solar plexus.As you separate yourself from your attacker, you will likely gain the opportunity to kick the attacker in the head using a straight heel kick or a side kick also striking with the heel.
For the side fall break, you must slap the ground with the arm closest to the ground, using the same slapping motion as the rear fallbreak.
As you fall, elevate the sameside leg to avoid the knee crashing the ground.
Stay on the ball of the foot of your other leg and exhale on impact.
Practice this fallbreak in the same manner you did your rear fallbreak, first, from a lying position, then a squatting position, and finally a standing position.
Forward “Soft” Fallbreak
The forward “soft” fallbreak gently brings you to the ground when you are falling forward.
Start in a modified push-up position with your fingers facing inward.
Turn your head to one side to prevent your face from hitting ground.
Once this position you can dip a knee to help you rise to your feet quickly or roll over on your back into a defensive fighting posture, if necessary.
Initially, you can practice this technique against a wall to familiarize this movement, pushing away from the wall and landing in this modified pushup position.
Once you feel comfortable, you can do this movement from a kneeling position and eventually from a standing position.
Note: if you’ve fallen to the ground to duck away from gunfire or an explosion, cover your head with your arms and cross your ankles tightly to protect your groin. Also, try to flatten yourself as much as possible.
Mastering Upper Body Combatives
Your hands, forearms, elbows, knees, shins, clod feet, and head can be used as personal weapons. There is a distinct advantage in using these hard parts against your attacker’s vulnerablebody parts.
Attacking an opponent’s soft vital tissue, especially the eyes, throat, liver, kidneys, the groin and the knees is one of the surest ways to prevail in a fight.
Proper hip and weight movement are essential to delivering optimum reach and power to take advantage of your body’s core strength and mass behind the combatives. The striking hand or forearm must also be properly positioned and aligned.
No matter what type of strike you deliver, shifting your body weight through is paramount.
For punches, always make contact with the first two knuckles; for elbows make contact just below the elbow; for chops and hammerfists, make contact using the fleshy underside of the hand.
Striking Essentials
With any type of combative strike, physics dictates that acceleration times mass equals force. A combative strike will manufacture more force when you accelerate the strike’s speed in combination with a total body weight shift as the you extend your personal weapons through the target. The best way to practice these combatives – as with all techniques – is in stages. Each stage is isolated, practiced, and perfected. As your master each stage, combine each stage for the whole technique. Using a mirror will help self-monitor your form.
Make sure to align your wrist properly. Knuckle push-ups are a great way to show proper wrist alignment. In short, straight combatives use the body’s entire weight. Arm action alone does not develop true power. Straight Punches/palm heels can only achieve quick and accurate power by shifting one’s weight that the hip and shoulder precede the arm with the feet under the body. Striking is not the same as pushing. A strike explodes at the end or point of contact while a push focuses the power on the initial contact but is no longer present at the end of the movement. Note, pushing often off-balances the body by only driving off the rear foot rather than proper footwork and hip pivot.
Use your entire body mass and core strength when striking. As you strikes, move the entire body in concert to use the entire torso. With correct timing, as you propel all of your strength and body weight through the strike, you will maximize the strike’s impact.
Be sure to breathe and remai loose/relaxed until impact. Exhale as the Student delivers the strike. Some people like to use a blood-curdling cry as they strike. Either technique – the cry or exhale – will prepare the body for both delivering a strike and receiving a strike. Exhaling facilitates oxygen transfer to one’s muscles, tempers one’s movements keeps one in control, and creates a vacuum to defend against a counter-strike. Try not to clench or tighten up until the last moment upon impact. The punch should increase its speed with enough force and momentum to drive through the attacker. By clenching the fist at the very last moment prior to impact, this last accelerative movement maximizes the power.
Aim for vulnerable targets. You will get more proverbial bang for his buck, if you strikes at the vulnerable targets.
Most Common Mistakes
Not pivoting correctly with the rear leg; dragging the rear foot rather than pivoting. (Do not, however, allow the Students to over-pivot.) Instructor may wish to use the analogy of “putting out” a cigarette.
Failure to strike with the first two knuckles.
A short rather than a long movement.
Pushing the target rather than going through it.
Improper or lack of weight shift.
If stepping, the feet do not move both in tandem and equidistant, either bring the feet too close together.
Dragging the rear foot rather than pivoting on it.
Dropping the arm prior to delivering the strike.
Cocking the arm back or winding up.
Telegraphing the strike by the shoulder or head moving before the hand. (The hand should always initiate.)
Tightening the fist rather than leaving it loose until a fraction of a second before impact (recruiting fast muscle fibers until the last possible instance).
Failure to tuck the chin.
Dropping the other arm or both arms.Failure to recover immediately into a fighting stance.
Failure to breathe correctly.
Safety Notes
The bones in the hand are small and fragile.
Without proper alignment during a strike, using proper alignment, they can easily break when making contact against hard bone.
When practicing punches/palm heels in the air, do not lock your elbows.
Elbow injuries are often caused by punching powerfully without resistance.
If the punch does not make contact, the ulna bone in the lower arm jams into the humerus bone in the upper arm.
When not making contact with training pad (or sparring partner), extend the arms about 90 percent as you deliver a strike.
Strong pad and bag work will accustom your limbs to impact while building strength and stamina.
Heavy bags are particularly useful for this type of training.
Practice Suggestions:
For each upper-body combative presented, we suggest that you practice a minimum of 20 repetitions with each of your left and right arms. In other words, you are executing at least 40 repetitions per practice session.
Execute the upper-body combatives from a passive stance, a left-outlet fighting stance, and a right-outlet fighting stance.
Practicing at least 10-15 minutes per technique is recommended (with, as noted above, a minimum of 20 repetitions per side). Therefore, you should begin to both understand and embed approximately 4-6 techniques per practice hour. (Note, though, for our group classes we generally teach 3-4 techniques per cumulative one hour lesson plan.)
Observe and help your partner other analyze his/her movements.
It may be helpful to film each other in action to further evaluate the fluidity and execution of each technique, if your weight shift and pivoting is correct, if your footwork and fighting stance is solid, and how well you can adopt to slight angle changes and heights of various attacks.
Additionally, you may wish to refer the books Krav Maga, Chapter 7 and Advanced Krav Maga Chapter 7 for specific lowerbody combative drill recommendations and suggestions.
Straight Punches (Yellow Belt)
Punching with your rear arm will connect with enormous power targeting your opponent’s throat (only in a deadly force encounter) neck, chin, nose or lateral targets including the neck, mastoid process, ear or temple (only in a deadly force encounter).
Straight Punch Mechanics:
Target the nose, jaw, or throat
The power behind strikes comes from careful execution, not from body size or muscular strength.
Your strike will generate more force if you accelerate your speed as you extend your arm and put all of your body weight (mass) behind your punch.
Drive your hips through and retract the punch immediately back into your fighting stance.
For multiple (and alternating punches) think of your arms as pistons.
__________________
Straight Punch Suggested Drills and Workout
Practice the Straight Punches both in the air and against a target. Please note, when practicing in the air (against no target), be sure not to hyper-extend your elbow; avoid locking your arm out.
When choosing to practice with a target, these drills may be performed using power against a designated hand-strike (focus pad or muy thai type) pad held by a partner and a hanging heavy bag. You may also practice straight punches with hand protection delicately against a tree or pole to develop precision, hand, and wrist strength (remember, however, that, you are not going to win in a punching contest against a solid tree or pole!)
Note: Each Straight Punch (both forward and rear) should be performed a minimum from both a respective left and right outlet stance. Therefore, you should perform a minimum of the suggested repetitions (15 punches per each leg from each position)
Solo (in the air or against a hanging heavy bag) and/or Partner (holding a hand shield)
From both a de-escalation low left and right outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions of the straight rear punch
* 15 repetitions of the straight front punch
* 15 repetitions of the straight front/rear Straight Punch combination with proper pivoting
From the fighting left and right outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions of the straight rear punch
* 15 repetitions of the straight front punch
* 15 repetitions of the straight front/rear Straight Punch combination with proper pivoting
Additional Solo Training
For these drills be sure to practice from both the left and right outlet stances:
Eight Second Endurance Drill – This drill helps develop hand speed and endurance. The basis of the drill is eight seconds of non-stop straight punches using single arm punches and combined left-right and right left punch combinations followed by eight seconds of rest before the next eight second interval of non-stop punching. As you punch you should chop your feet or run in place on the balls of your feet.
Room Traverse Drill – Any size room may be used for this Straight Punch Drill. The purpose is to move across a room practicing Straight Punches. You may use single arm punches or “one-two” front and rear arm punches combined with good footwork.
In and Out Drill – This drill focuses on delivering a three Straight Punch Combination. The goal is to move forward into a three-part Straight Punch Combination: lead punch, rear punch, lead punch and then retreat using proper footwork. The arms, as always, must move as pistons with e economy of motion and piston-like timing.
Distance Control Drill – This drill focuses on developing an all-important inter-related arm control and distance judgment capability. With a heavy bag or, alternatively, a tree, or wall (in which case substantial hand protection is essential in the event you misjudge the distance) you will execute fast punches but not make contact to the object. Be sure, as always, not to hyper-extend the elbow of your punching arm. The better you become at controlling your accuracy and range, the closer you will be able to simulate striking the object without making contact. This is a crucial skill set for working with a partner at full speed to hone your krav maga abilities.
Partner Training
As you develop your Straight Punch striking prowess, you may then incorporate these kicks into drills such as these using 10-15 repetitions per partner and then switch roles:
Have a partner mimic a hook punch upperbody attack where you use a controlled timing lead Straight Punch to stop (preempt) the attack. In other words, you use your linear punch targeting the attacker’s head. This tactic, with correct timing works, as it takes roughly three times the distance for a hook punch to reach a target compared to a straight punch. Therefore, if you recognize the hook punch attack in time, you’ll be able to preempt it (followed by additional combatives as necessary.)
Have a partner hold a hand strike shield. Have him/her run mimic an aggressive step towards you simulating an attack. The partner does not have to simulate an attack other than moving forward with the hand strike shield. This develops your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full-force punches. Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact. Time the distance to enact full arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Straight Punch. Note, this "one step aggressor" drill may be performed with either a Front or a Rear Straight Punch.
Similar to drill #2, have a partner hold a hand pad shield. Have him/her run at you to develop your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full force punches. Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact with the ball of your foot to incoming hand pad shield. Time the distance to enact arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Straight Punch.
Perform Drills #2 and #3 as above using a double Straight Punch combination. On contact as you drive your partner back with the lead punch, immediately follow through with a rear Straight Punch. Note this timing is the beginning of a retzev continuous motion attack.
To develop your ability to adjust your Straight Punches "on the fly", using footwork to adjust your position, have a partner use footwork and body evasions to move around an open area as you simulate Straight Punches in the air with whichever arm is most convenient. No contact is made with your partner. A suggested initial chase period should last at least 60 seconds before you rest or switch roles.
To further develop accuracy, when alone you can choose a point on an object such as a pole or tree (keeping in mind once again not to kick full force as you can injure yourself against an object that will not "give"). When a partner is available, the partner can hold a rolled up magazine, cane, or straight smooth stick (that will not splinter) or any object with a bit of length at head height to simulate at target. Be sure that partner holding the object holds it away from his/body at groin or knee level. You will punch the suitable object (one that will not injure your partner's hand or is too short to slide in the partner's hand without your kicking the hand.) Punching a small target will develop both your balance and accuracy (using the first two knuckles of the hand). Be sure not to focus on the target but rather look at your partner's chin or his/her torso in its entirety.
In a partner timing drill, you and your partner use timing to exchange punches without making contact. Footwork is essential to move in and out properly and keep the correct distance to avoid any contact with your partner. Remember to keep your feet equidistant as you move in and out. Be sure to use proper hip pivots. Use the following combinations from both the left and right outlet stances: (a) Left/right straight punches with proper advance and retreat; (b) Right/left straight punches with proper advance and retreat. Example: Partner 1 and Partner 2 face each other in left outlet stances. P1 initiates a rear right Straight Punch and P2 mirrors the movement. In essence, P1 and P2 exchange right rear Straight Punches.
In a partner timing drill, the goal is to pin a glove or pad to the wall or heavy bag. You stand in hand range from a wall while your partner holds a glove or hand pad or some other object above head level. Your partner drops the object and you must use correct timing to pin the object to the wall. Be careful not to damage your wrist and hand against an immovable object. . The benefit is to combine distance recognition and timing to build speed and accuracy.
Horizontal Palm Heel Strikes (Yellow Belt)
The right Horizontal (roundhouse) Palm-heel strike targeting the attacker’s ear (hip turn through with pivot on balls of the feet, opposite hand up, eyes focused on target.)
a) Use lever exercise to time the arm and hip moving in concert with proper rotation by only turning ¼ of the strike.
b) Do not drop your arm and then initiate the palm-heel.
c) Knife the arm forward and then through the strike.
d) Pivoting is the key, but, be sure to minimize the motion so that the combative has maximum effect without swinging wildly --> keep the movement tight and upperbody structure compact/strong.
e) Avoid telegraphing --> punches/palm heels must not be thrown in a wind-up fashion.
The left Horizontal (roundhouse) Palm-heel strike targeting the attacker’s ear (note: combination with outside footwork with left hook and straight punch)
a) Use lever exercise to time the arm and hip moving in concert with proper rotation by having Students only turn ¼ of the strike.
b) Pivoting is the key. Be sure to minimize the motion so that the combative has maximum effect without swinging wildly à keep the movement tight.
c) The roundhouse or “hook” is most effective as a counter-blow.
d) The low roundhouse punch to the body presents a larger target and is less mobile then the head. It is more effective close in to the stomach, ribs, and groin.
e) Avoid telegraphing --> punches/palm heels must not be thrown in a wind-up fashion. As always, the hand must lead the body.
f) Note, against an experienced fighter, the lead roundhouse punch with proper glicha (sliding) footwork may be the only way to penetrate his defense or force him to vary his defense to create other openings.
g) The lead roundhouse palm heel or punch is a good infighting combative coming from outside the opponent’s range of vision while circumventing his guard.
h) One of the best ways to utilize the lead hook is to fake a rear straight punch.
__________
Horizontal Palm Strike Suggested Drills and Workout
Practice the Straight Horizontal Palm Heel both in the air and against a target. Please note, when practicing in the air (against no target), be sure not to hyper-extend your elbow; avoid locking your arm out.
When choosing to practice with a target, these drills may be performed using power against a designated hand-strike (focus pad or muy thai type) pad held by a partner and a hanging heavy bag. You may also practice straight Horizontal Palm Heel delicately against a tree or pole to develop precision, hand, and wrist strength (remember, however, that, you are not going to win in a Linear Striking contest against a solid tree or pole!)
Note: Each Straight Horizontal Palm Heel (both forward and rear) should be performed a minimum from both a respective left and right outlet stance. Therefore, you should perform a minimum of the suggested repetitions (15 hand strikes per each arm from each position)
Solo (in the air or against a hanging heavy bag) and/or Partner (holding a hand shield)
From both a de-escalation low left and right outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions of the rear Horizontal Palm Heel
* 15 repetitions of the front Horizontal Palm Heel
* 15 repetitions of the front/rear Straight Horizontal Palm Heel combination with proper pivoting
From the fighting left and right outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions of the rear Horizontal Palm Heel
* 15 repetitions of the front Horizontal Palm Heel
* 15 repetitions of the front/rear Straight Horizontal Palm Heel combination with proper pivoting
Additional Solo Training
For these drills be sure to practice from both the left and right outlet stances:
Eight Second Endurance Drill – This drill helps develop hand speed and endurance. The basis of the drill is eight seconds of non-stop Horizontal Palm Heel using single arm Horizontal Palm Heel and combined left-right and right left Horizontal Palm Heel combinations followed by eight seconds of rest before the next eight second interval of non-stop Linear Striking. As you Horizontal Palm Heel you should chop your feet or run in place on the balls of your feet.
Room Traverse Drill – Any size room may be used for this Straight Horizontal Palm Heel Drill. The purpose is to move across a room practicing Straight Horizontal Palm Heel. You may use single arm Horizontal Palm Heel or “one-two” front and rear arm Horizontal Palm Heel combined with good footwork.
In and Out Drill – This drill focuses on delivering a three Straight Horizontal Palm Heel Combination. The goal is to move forward into a three-part Straight Horizontal Palm Heel Combination: lead Horizontal Palm Heel, rear Horizontal Palm Heel, lead Horizontal Palm Heel and then retreat using proper footwork. The arms, as always, must move as pistons with economy of motion and piston-like timing.
Distance Control Drill – This drill focuses on developing an all-important inter-related arm control and distance judgment capability. With a heavy bag or, alternatively, a tree, or wall (in which case substantial hand protection is essential in the event you misjudge the distance) you will execute fast Horizontal Palm Heel but not make contact to the object. Be sure, as always, not to hyper-extend the elbow of your striking arm. The better you become at controlling your accuracy and range, the closer you will be able to simulate striking the object without making contact. This is a crucial skill set for working with a partner at full speed to hone your krav maga abilities.
Partner Training
As you develop your Straight Horizontal Palm Heel striking prowess, you may then incorporate these kicks into drills such as these using 10-15 repetitions per partner and then switch roles:
Have a partner mimic a hook Horizontal Palm Heel upperbody attack where you use a controlled timing lead Straight Horizontal Palm Heel to stop (preempt) the attack. In other words, you use your Horizontal Palm Heel targeting a suitable target. This tactic, with correct timing works, as it takes roughly three times the distance for a hook punch to reach a target compared to a straight Horizontal Palm Heel. Therefore, if you recognize the hook Horizontal Palm Heel attack in time, you’ll be able to preempt it (followed by additional combatives as necessary.)
Have a partner hold a hand strike shield. Have him/her run mimic an aggressive step towards you simulating an attack. The partner does not have to simulate an attack other than moving forward with the hand strike shield. This develops your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full-force Horizontal Palm Heel (being sure not to damage the hand). Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact. Time the distance to enact full arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Horizontal Palm Heel Strike. Note, this "one step aggressor" drill may be performed with either a Front or a Rear Horizontal Palm Heel strike.
Similar to drill #2, have a partner hold a hand pad shield. Have him/her run at you to develop your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full force Horizontal Palm Heel. Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact with the ball of your foot to incoming hand pad shield. Time the distance to enact arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Straight Horizontal Palm Heel.
Perform Drills #2 and #3 as above using a double Straight Horizontal Palm Heel combination. On contact as you drive your partner back with the lead Horizontal Palm Heel, immediately follow through with a rear Straight Horizontal Palm Heel. Note this timing is the beginning of a retzev continuous motion attack.
To develop your ability to adjust your Straight Horizontal Palm Heel "on the fly", using footwork to adjust your position, have a partner use footwork and body evasions to move around an open area as you simulate Straight Horizontal Palm Heel in the air with whichever arm is most convenient. No contact is made with your partner. A suggested initial chase period should last at least 60 seconds before you rest or switch roles.
In a partner timing drill, you and your partner use timing to exchange Horizontal Palm Heel without making contact. Footwork is essential to move in and out properly and keep the correct distance to avoid any contact with your partner. Remember to keep your feet equidistant as you move in and out. Be sure to use proper hip pivots. Use the following combinations from both the left and right outlet stances: (a) Left/right straight Horizontal Palm Heel with proper advance and retreat; (b) Right/left straight Horizontal Palm Heel with proper advance and retreat. Example: Partner 1 and Partner 2 face each other in left outlet stances. P1 initiates a rear right Straight Horizontal Palm Heel and P2 mirrors the movement. In essence, P1 and P2 exchange right rear Straight Horizontal Palm Heel.
In a partner timing drill using only Palm Heel Strikes (NO FINGER STRIKES), the goal is to pin a glove or pad to the wall or heavy bag. You stand in hand range from a wall while your partner holds a glove or hand pad or some other object above head level. Your partner drops the object and you must use correct timing to pin the object to the wall. Be careful not to damage your wrist and hand against an immovable object. . The benefit is to combine distance recognition and timing to build speed and accuracy.
Half-Hook (Roundhouse) Punch (Orange Belt)
The Half-Hook (Roundhouse) Punch Mechanics
Target the eye orbit, nose, ear, jaw, or throat.
This off-angle punch differs from the straight punch because the arm does not shoot out directly toward the target, but rather targets from a slight angle or “off-angle.”
All other punching mechanics remain the same as the lead straight punch. Note: should you use this punch, be extremely careful with your contact point (first two knuckles) and your wrist alignment. The angle of the punch can severely damage an improperly positioned hand and wrist.
_________________
Half-Hook Suggested Drills and Workout
Practice the Half Hook Punches both in the air and against a target. Please note, when practicing in the air (against no target), be sure not to hyper-extend your elbow; avoid locking your arm out.
When choosing to practice with a target, these drills may be performed using power against a designated hand-strike (focus pad or muy thai type) pad held by a partner and a hanging heavy bag. You may also practice Half Hook punches with hand protection delicately against a tree or pole to develop precision, hand, and wrist strength (remember, however, that, you are not going to win in a punching contest against a solid tree or pole!)
Note: Each Half Hook Punch (both forward and rear) should be performed a minimum from both a respective left and right outlet stance. Therefore, you should perform a minimum of the suggested repetitions (15 kicks per each leg from each position)
Solo (in the air or against a hanging heavy bag) and/or Partner (holding a hand shield)
From both a de-escalation low outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions of the Half Hook rear punch
* 15 repetitions of the Half Hook front punch
* 15 repetitions of the Half Hook front/rear Half Hook Punch combination with proper pivoting
From the fighting outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions of the Half Hook rear punch
* 15 repetitions of the Half Hook front punch
* 15 repetitions of the Half Hook front/rear Half Hook Punch combination with proper pivoting
Additional Solo Training
For these drills be sure to practice from both the left and right outlet stances:
Eight Second Endurance Drill – This drill helps develop hand speed and endurance. The basis of the drill is eight seconds of non-stop Half Hook punches using single arm punches and combined left-right and right left punch combinations followed by eight seconds of rest before the next eight second interval of non-stop punching. As you punch you should chop your feet or run in place on the balls of your feet.
Room Traverse Drill – Any size room may be used for this Half Hook Punch Drill. The purpose is to move across a room practicing Half Hook Punches. You may use single arm punches or “one-two” front and rear arm punches combined with good footwork.
In and Out Drill – This drill focuses on delivering a three Half Hook Punch Combination. The goal is to move forward into a three-part Half Hook Punch Combination: lead punch, rear punch, lead punch and then retreat using proper footwork. The arms, as always, must move as pistons with e economy of motion and piston-like timing.
Distance Control Drill – This drill focuses on developing an all-important inter-related arm control and distance judgment capability. With a heavy bag or, alternatively, a tree, or wall (in which case substantial hand protection is essential in the event you misjudge the distance) you will execute fast punches but not make contact to the object. Be sure, as always, not to hyper-extend the elbow of your punching arm. The better you become at controlling your accuracy and range, the closer you will be able to simulate striking the object without making contact. This is a crucial skill set for working with a partner at full speed to hone your krav maga abilities.
Partner Training
As you develop your Half Hook Punch striking prowess, you may then incorporate these kicks into drills such as these using 10-15 repetitions per partner and then switch roles:
Have a partner mimic a hook punch upperbody attack where you use a controlled timing lead Half Hook Punch to stop (preempt) the attack. In other words, you use your linear punch targeting the attacker’s head. This tactic, with correct timing works, as it takes roughly three times the distance for a hook punch to reach a target compared to a Half Hook punch. Therefore, if you recognize the hook punch attack in time, you’ll be able to preempt it (followed by additional combatives as necessary.)
Have a partner hold a hand strike shield. Have him/her run mimic an aggressive step towards you simulating an attack. The partner does not have to simulate an attack other than moving forward with the hand strike shield. This develops your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full-force punches. Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact. Time the distance to enact full arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Half Hook. Note, this "one step aggressor" drill may be performed with either a Front Half Hook or a Rear Half Hook.
Similar to drill #2, have a partner hold a hand pad shield. Have him/her run at you to develop your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full force punches. Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact with the ball of your foot to incoming hand pad shield. Time the distance to enact arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Half Hook Punch.
Perform Drills #2 and #3 as above using a double Half Hook Punch combination. On contact as you drive your partner back with the lead punch, immediately follow through with a rear Half Hook Punch. Note this timing is the beginning of a retzev continuous motion attack.
To develop your ability to adjust your Half Hook Punches "on the fly", using footwork to adjust your position, have a partner use footwork and body evasions to move around an open area as you simulate Half Hook Punches in the air with whichever arm is most convenient. No contact is made with your partner. A suggested initial chase period should last at least 60 seconds before you rest or switch roles.
To further develop accuracy, when alone you can choose a point on an object such as a pole or tree (keeping in mind once again not to ounch full force as you can injure yourself against an object that will not "give"). When a partner is available, the partner can hold a rolled up magazine, cane, or Half Hook smooth stick (that will not splinter) or any object with a bit of length at head height to simulate at target. Be sure that partner holding the object holds it away from his/body at groin or knee level. You will punch the suitable object (one that will not injure your partner's hand or is too short to slide in the partner's hand without your punching the hand.) Punching a small target will develop both your balance and accuracy (using the first two knuckles of the hand). Be sure not to focus on the target but rather look at your partner's chin or his/her torso in its entirety.
In a partner timing drill, you and your partner use timing to exchange punches without making contact. Footwork is essential to move in and out properly and keep the correct distance to avoid any contact with your partner. Remember to keep your feet equidistant as you move in and out. Be sure to use proper hip pivots. Use the following combinations from both the left and right outlet stances: (a) Left/right Half Hook punches with proper advance and retreat; (b) Right/left Half Hook punches with proper advance and retreat. Example: Partner 1 and Partner 2 face each other in left outlet stances. P1 initiates a rear right Half Hook Punch and P2 mirrors the movement. In essence, P1 and P2 exchange right rear Half Hook Punches.
Thumb Gouge & Eye Strikes (Yellow Belt)
Finger strikes to the eyes disable an opponent quickly, viciously, and effectively. The eyeball can be collapsed with minimum pressure (3 lbs.). Blinding or partially blinding an attacker sets up retzev follow-up strikes to end a confrontation quickly.
For a multiple finger strike, fold your fingers slightly inward and spread them just enough so they do not touch. Flexing the fingers inward collapses them into their natural articulation.
Execute the strike with a body movement similar to your straight punches but with the fingers making contact into the eyes.
The rule of thumb(s): if find the opponent’s cheekbone, you find the eye. (This is important if you cannot see your attacker, such as a ground-fighting situation or if it is dark.)
1) Finger strikes to eyes (fingers are curved down to avoid breaking them) focusing on index and middle fingers
Same movement as straight punches/palm heels but making contact with the strong and durable surface at the base of the hand.
This strike is longest of the hand weapons and does not require power
Accuracy and speed are key
2) Eye Whips --> Direct and inverted hand variations.
With the hand and wrist loose, whip the pointer and middle finger tips into the opponents eyes.
Key: having the arm and wrist loose to optimize flicking motion.
Targets the opponent’s eyes, while the throat can serve as a secondary target.
Contact is made with the pointer and middle finger together keeping your other fingers loose.
Loosen your whipping hand’s wrist and let your hand snap at the target eye as though you were whipping someone in the eyes with a towel (an effective technique in its own right.)
The strike can be used with great effect, especially to distract or stun an opponent and as a set-up for retzev or to make your escape while the attacker is temporarily blinded.
3) Thumb gouge to eye using cheek as a guide.
Use a modified (cupped) palm-heel strike to the cheek bone and then insert the thumb.
Optimal Eye Gouge Supplemental Lesson (Yellow Belt)
Eye Gouges and strikes can disable an opponent quickly and effectively. The eyeball can be collapsed with minimum pressure and easily scratched. Blinding or partially blinding an attacker sets up retzev follow-up strikes to end a confrontation quickly. One consideration, however, is avoiding this combative, if you have cuts or abrasions on your fingers, since you could possibly contract pathogens from your opponent’s eyes. The key with eye gouges when counterattacking someone who instinctively tries to shutter his eye, is to insert a finger at the lower eyelid and drive it up to part the closed eyelids. In other words, you wedge your finger in between the eyelids to access the eyeball by rotating or screwing the finger into his eye. This is a visceral, brutal counter-attack -- use it for the correct legally sanctioned reason.
Straight Palm Heel, Web, Knuckles & Fingers to the Eye Strikes (Yellow Belt)
Straight Palm Heel Strike
Target the nose, jaw, ear, eye orbit or throat.
Similar to straight punches in footwork, hip engagement, weight re-distribution, and chin tuck, the palm heel differs in hand alignment giving up a few inches of reach.
Make a palm heel by tightly curling your fingers and pressing your thumb close to your hand exposing your palm with your knuckles facing upward.
The Front & Rear Web Strikes to the Throat
Only in a life threatening situation, strike the throat, specifically the windpipe. This can do extensive damage, so, you must be legally justified to use this type of counter-force.
Use the webbing of your hand between your forefinger and thumb to strike while keeping the hand parallel to the ground boring underneath an opponent’s chin.
Be accurate and careful not to break your thumb.
Knuckles Edge Strike to the Throat
In a life threatening situation, targeting the throat, more specifically the windpipe. Similar to the webstrike, except you are using curled knuckles.
Be sure to align your hand and wrist properly.
Eye Gouges & Strikes
Finger strikes to the eyes disable an opponent quickly, visciously, and effectively. The eyeball can be collapsed with minimum pressure (3 lbs.). Blinding or partially blinding an attacker sets up retzev follow-up strikes to end a confrontation quickly.
For a multiple finger strike, fold your fingers slightly inward and spread them just enough so they do not touch. Flexing the fingers inward collapses them into their natural articulation.
Execute the strike with a body movement similar to your straight punches but with the fingers making contact into the eyes.
The rule of thumb(s): if find the opponent’s cheekbone, you find the eye. (This is important if you cannot see your attacker, such as a ground-fighting situation or if it is dark.)
Finger strikes to eyes (fingers are curved down to avoid breaking them) focusing on index and middle fingers
Same movement as straight punches/palm heels but making contact with the strong and durable surface at the base of the hand.
This strike is longest of the hand weapons and does not require power
Accuracy and speed are key.
Eye Whips using both direct and inverted hand variations.
With the hand and wrist loose, whip the pointer and middle finger tips into the opponents eyes.
Key: having the arm and wrist loose to optimize flicking motion.
Eye whips target the opponent’s eyes, while the throat can serve as a secondary target.
Contact is made with the pointer and middle finger together keeping your other fingers loose.
Loosen your whipping hand’s wrist and let your hand snap at the target eye as though you were whipping someone in the eyes with a towel (an effective technique in its own right.)
The strike can be used with great effect, especially to distract or stun an opponent and as a set-up for retzev or to make your escape while the attacker is temporarily blinded.
Thumb gouge to eye using cheek as a guide.
Use a modified (cupped) palm-heel strike to the cheek bone and then insert the thumb.
_____________
Straight Linear Strike Suggested Drills and Workout
Practice the Straight Linear Strikes both in the air and against a target. Please note, when practicing in the air (against no target), be sure not to hyper-extend your elbow; avoid locking your arm out.
When choosing to practice with a target, these drills may be performed using power against a designated hand-strike (focus pad or muy thai type) pad held by a partner and a hanging heavy bag. You may also practice straight Linear Strikes with hand protection delicately against a tree or pole to develop precision, hand, and wrist strength (remember, however, that, you are not going to win in a Linear Striking contest against a solid tree or pole!)
Note: Each Straight Linear Strike (both forward and rear) should be performed a minimum from both a respective left and right outlet stance. Therefore, you should perform a minimum of the suggested repetitions (15 kicks per each leg from each position)
Solo (in the air or against a hanging heavy bag) and/or Partner (holding a hand shield)
From both a de-escalation low left and right outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions of each straight rear Linear Strike
* 15 repetitions of each straight front Linear Strike
* 15 repetitions of each straight front/rear Straight Linear Strike combination with proper pivoting
From the fighting left and right outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions of each straight rear Linear Strike
* 15 repetitions of each straight front Linear Strike
* 15 repetitions of each straight front/rear Straight Linear Strike combination with proper pivoting
Additional Solo Training
For these drills be sure to practice from both the left and right outlet stances:
Eight Second Endurance Drill – This drill helps develop hand speed and endurance. The basis of the drill is eight seconds of non-stop straight Linear Strikes using single arm Linear Strikes and combined left-right and right left Linear Strike combinations followed by eight seconds of rest before the next eight second interval of non-stop Linear Striking. As you Linear Strike you should chop your feet or run in place on the balls of your feet.
Room Traverse Drill – Any size room may be used for this Straight Linear Strike Drill. The purpose is to move across a room practicing Straight Linear Strikes. You may use single arm Linear Strikes or “one-two” front and rear arm Linear Strikes combined with good footwork.
In and Out Drill – This drill focuses on delivering a three Straight Linear Strike Combination. The goal is to move forward into a three-part Straight Linear Strike Combination: lead Linear Strike, rear Linear Strike, lead Linear Strike and then retreat using proper footwork. The arms, as always, must move as pistons with e economy of motion and piston-like timing.
Distance Control Drill – This drill focuses on developing an all-important inter-related arm control and distance judgment capability. With a heavy bag or, alternatively, a tree, or wall (in which case substantial hand protection is essential in the event you misjudge the distance) you will execute fast Linear Strikes but not make contact to the object. Be sure, as always, not to hyper-extend the elbow of your Linear Striking arm. The better you become at controlling your accuracy and range, the closer you will be able to simulate striking the object without making contact. This is a crucial skill set for working with a partner at full speed to hone your krav maga abilities.
Partner Training
As you develop your Straight Linear Strike striking prowess, you may then incorporate these kicks into drills such as these using 10-15 repetitions per partner and then switch roles:
Have a partner mimic a hook Linear Strike upperbody attack where you use a controlled timing lead Straight Linear Strike to stop (preempt) the attack. In other words, you use your Linear Strike targeting a suitable target. This tactic, with correct timing works, as it takes roughly three times the distance for a hook punch to reach a target compared to a straight Linear Strike. Therefore, if you recognize the hook Linear Strike attack in time, you’ll be able to preempt it (followed by additional combatives as necessary.)
Have a partner hold a hand strike shield. Have him/her run mimic an aggressive step towards you simulating an attack. The partner does not have to simulate an attack other than moving forward with the hand strike shield. This develops your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full-force Linear Strikes (being sure not to damage the hand). Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact. Time the distance to enact full arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Straight Linear strike. Note, this “one step aggressor” drill may be performed with either a Front Straight Kick or a Rear Straight Kick. Note, for the webstrike drill, your partner should hold a hand pad striking shield sideways so that my hit the pad with the web of your hand. BE CAREFUL AS THIS DRILL CAN BREAK YOUR THUMB IF YOUR ACCURACY IS NOT CORRECT.
Similar to drill #2, have a partner hold a hand pad shield. Have him/her run at you to develop your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full force Linear Strikes. Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact with the ball of your foot to incoming kicking shield. Time the distance to enact arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Straight Linear Strike.
Perform Drills #2 and #3 as above using a double Straight Linear Strike combination. On contact as you drive your partner back with the lead Linear Strike, immediately follow through with a rear Straight Linear Strike. Note this timing is the beginning of a retzev continuous motion attack.
To develop your ability to adjust your Straight Linear Strikes “on the fly”, using footwork to adjust your position, have a partner use footwork and body evasions to move around an open area as you simulate Straight Linear Strikes in the air with whichever arm is most convenient. No contact is made with your partner. A suggested initial chase period should last at least 60 seconds before you rest or switch roles.
To further develop accuracy, when alone you can choose a point on an object such as a pole or tree (keeping in mind once again not to kick full force as you can injure yourself against an object that will not “give”). When a partner is available, the partner can hold a rolled up magazine, cane, or straight smooth stick (that will not splinter) or any object with a bit of length at head height to simulate at target. Be sure that partner holding the object holds it away from his/body at groin or knee level. You will Linear Strike the suitable object (one that will not injure your partner’s hand or is too short to slide in the partner’s hand without your kicking the hand.) Linear Striking a small target will develop both your balance and accuracy (using the first two knuckles of the hand). Note, this may bused for thumb gouges, by using correct accuracy. As with all drills, BE SURE TO USE ACCURACY AND CORRECT HAND POSITIONING TO AVOID BREAKING OR OTHERWISE DAMAGING YOUR FINGERS. Be sure not to focus on the target but rather look at your partner’s chin or his/her torso in its entirety.
In a partner timing drill, you and your partner use timing to exchange Linear Strikes without making contact. Footwork is essential to move in and out properly and keep the correct distance to avoid any contact with your partner. Remember to keep your feet equidistant as you move in and out. Be sure to use proper hip pivots. Use the following combinations from both the left and right outlet stances: (a) Left/right straight Linear Strikes with proper advance and retreat; (b) Right/left straight Linear Strikes with proper advance and retreat. Example: Partner 1 and Partner 2 face each other in left outlet stances. P1 initiates a rear right Straight Linear Strike and P2 mirrors the movement. In essence, P1 and P2 exchange right rear Straight Linear Strikes.
In a partner timing drill using only Palm Heel Strikes (NO FINGER STRIKES), the goal is to pin a glove or pad to the wall or heavy bag. You stand in hand range from a wall while your partner holds a glove or hand pad or some other object above head level. Your partner drops the object and you must use correct timing to pin the object to the wall. Be careful not to damage your wrist and hand against an immovable object. . The benefit is to combine distance recognition and timing to build speed and accuracy.
Chops (Green Belt)
Targeting the kidneys, throat, neck (carotid arteries), and nose
Contact is made with the fleshy part of your hand just above where the hand joins the wrist.
There are two basic types of chops: (1) inward and (2) outward. Note, you may also use the forearm to attack the neck if the distance is too short to execute a chop.
The Inward Chop
Strike with your rear arm keeping your elbow close to your side and bent approximately 45°.
Pivot on the balls of both feet engaging your lower body and core.
Fold your wrist back so that the lower “knife” edge of the palm and bone just above the wrist joint makes contact.
Keep your forearm and hand semi-tense.
Just prior to impact, strengthen the entire arm and hand together.
Keep your other hand up protecting yourself, prepared to launch another combative.
The Outward Chop
This technique best targets the sides of the neck (carotid arteries), throat and nose
Pivot the front foot in the same direction as the chop so that your toes turn past the target.
As you pivot, keep your eyes on the target.
Adjust your rear foot slightly to accommodate your front foot’s movement.
Keep your rear hand up in a fighting position.
Note, the outward chop also keeps a brace between you and your opponent to prevent him from slipping behind you to take your back for a takedown or throw.
__________
Chops Strike Suggested Drills and Workout
Practice the Inside and Outside Chops both in the air and against a target. Please note, when practicing in the air (against no target), be sure not to hyper-extend your elbow; avoid locking your arm out.
When choosing to practice with a target, these drills may be performed using power against a designated hand-strike (focus pad or muy thai type) pad held by a partner and a hanging heavy bag. You may also practice Inside and Outside Chops delicately against a tree or pole to develop precision, hand, and wrist strength (remember, however, that, you are not going to win in a Chop contest against a solid tree or pole!)
Note: Each Inside and Outside Chops (both forward and rear) should be performed a minimum from both a respective left and right outlet stance. Therefore, you should perform a minimum of the suggested repetitions (15 hand strikes per each arm from each position)
Solo (in the air or against a hanging heavy bag) and/or Partner (holding a hand shield)
From both a de-escalation low left and right outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions of the rear Inside or Outside Chops
* 15 repetitions of the front Inside or Outside Chops
* 15 repetitions of the front/rear Inside and Outside Chops combination with proper pivoting
From the fighting left and right outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions of the rear Inside or Outside Chops
* 15 repetitions of the front Inside or Outside Chops
* 15 repetitions of the front/rear Inside and Outside Chops combination with proper pivoting
Additional Solo Training
For these drills be sure to practice from both the left and right outlet stances:
Eight Second Endurance Drill – This drill helps develop hand speed and endurance. The basis of the drill is eight seconds of non-stop Inside or Outside Chops using single arm and combined left-right and right-left Outside/Inside Chop combinations followed by eight seconds of rest before the next eight second interval of chops. As you deliver Inside or Outside Chops you should chop your feet or run in place on the balls of your feet.
Room Traverse Drill – Any size room may be used for this Inside and Outside Chops Drill. The purpose is to move across a room practicing Inside and Outside Chops. You may use single arm Inside or Outside Chops or “one-two” front and rear arm Inside or Outside Chops combined with good footwork.
In and Out Drill – This drill focuses on delivering an Outside/Inside Combination. The arms, as always, must move as pistons with economy of motion and piston-like timing.
Distance Control Drill – This drill focuses on developing an all-important inter-related arm control and distance judgment capability. With a heavy bag or, alternatively, a tree, or wall (in which case substantial hand protection is essential in the event you misjudge the distance) you will execute fast Inside or Outside Chops but not make contact to the object. Be sure, as always, not to hyper-extend the elbow of your striking arm. The better you become at controlling your accuracy and range, the closer you will be able to simulate striking the object without making contact. This is a crucial skill set for working with a partner at full speed to hone your krav maga abilities.
Partner Training
As you develop your Inside and Outside Chops striking prowess, you may then incorporate these chops into drills such as these using 10-15 repetitions per partner and then switch roles:
Have a partner mimic a hook upperbody attack where you use a controlled timing lead Outside Chop to stop (preempt) the attack. In other words, you use your Outside Chop targeting a suitable target. This tactic, with correct timing works, as it takes roughly three times the distance for a hook punch to reach a target compared to a Inside and Outside Chops. Therefore, if you recognize the hook Outside Chops attack in time, you’ll be able to preempt it (followed by additional combatives as necessary.)
Have a partner hold a hand strike shield. Have him/her run mimic an aggressive step towards you simulating an attack. The partner does not have to simulate an attack other than moving forward with the hand strike shield. This develops your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full-force Inside or Outside Chops (being sure not to damage the hand). Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact. Time the distance to enact full arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Inside or Outside Chops Strike. Note, this "one step aggressor" drill may be performed with either a Front or a Rear Inside or Outside Chops strike.
Similar to drill #2, have a partner hold a hand pad shield. Have him/her run at you to develop your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full force Inside or Outside Chops. Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact with the ball of your foot to incoming hand pad shield. Time the distance to enact arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Inside and Outside Chops.
Perform Drills #2 and #3 as above using a double Inside and Outside Chops combination. On contact as you drive your partner back with the lead Inside or Outside Chops, immediately follow through with a rear Inside and Outside Chops. Note this timing is the beginning of a retzev continuous motion attack.
To develop your ability to adjust your Inside and Outside Chops "on the fly", using footwork to adjust your position, have a partner use footwork and body evasions to move around an open area as you simulate Inside and Outside Chops in the air with whichever arm is most convenient. No contact is made with your partner. A suggested initial chase period should last at least 60 seconds before you rest or switch roles.
In a partner timing drill, you and your partner use timing to exchange Inside or Outside Chops without making contact. Footwork is essential to move in and out properly and keep the correct distance to avoid any contact with your partner. Remember to keep your feet equidistant as you move in and out. Be sure to use proper hip pivots. Use the following combinations from both the left and right outlet stances: (a) Left/right Inside and Outside Chops with proper advance and retreat; (b) Right/left Inside and Outside Chops with proper advance and retreat. Example: Partner 1 and Partner 2 face each other in left outlet stances. P1 initiates a rear right Inside and Outside Chops and P2 mirrors the movement. In essence, P1 and P2 exchange right rear Inside and Outside Chops.
In a partner timing drill using only Outside or Inside Chops, the goal is to pin a glove or pad to a heavy bag. You stand in hand range from a wall while your partner holds a glove or hand pad or some other object above head level. Your partner drops the object and you must use correct timing to pin the object to the wall. Be careful not to damage your wrist and hand against an immovable object. The benefit is to combine distance recognition and timing to build speed and accuracy.
Elbow #1 -- The Primary Horizontal Elbow Strike
This is the most commonly employed elbow strike. The strike targets the eye orbit, nose, temple, jaw, throat, back of the head, or any other vulnerable area.
Similar in movement to the roundhouse punch, this technique uses the elbow’s extremely hard striking surface. Pivot all the way through the strike.
You will give up reach using the elbow in comparison to the hook punch, but, the power and strength behind this strike is unparalleled.
Elbow Strikes #1-3 (Yellow Belt)
Elbow #1 -- The Horizontal Elbow Strike
Targeting the eye orbit, nose, temple, jaw, throat, back of the head, or any other vulnerable area.
Similar in movement to the roundhouse punch, this technique uses the elbow’s extremely hard striking surface. Pivot all the way through the strike.
You will give up reach using the elbow in comparison to the hook punch, but, the power and strength behind this strike is unparalleled.
Elbow #2 -- The Lateral Elbow Strike
Targeting the eye orbit, nose, temple, jaw, throat, back of the head, or any other vulnerable area.
As you deliver the strike, take a short side-step in the same direction your elbow is traveling. Synchronize your lower and upper body movement shifting your entire body weight behind the strike.
As you step in the direction of your strike, extend to make contact just above the elbow tip. With your rear leg, take the same size step as the forward leg, ending in roughly the same equidistant leg position from which you began.
Just prior to the step, bring the hand of your non-striking elbow in front of your face on the same side as the chambered elbowing arm.
Elbow #3 -- The Horizontal Rear Elbow Strike
Targeting the eye orbit, nose, temple, jaw, throat, back of the head, or any other vulnerable area
Your head must turn to lead your body. Your hips generate the power making contact just above the elbow tip.
As you turn, either pivot on the balls of your feet or use an open-up step by stepping to the rear with your sameside leg as the arm delivering the elbow to build momentum and power.
As you open up the hips, bring the hand of your non-striking elbow in front of your face on the same side as the chambered elbowing arm.
Elbow Strikes #4-7 (Orange Belt)
#4 -- The Uppercut Elbow
Targeting the chin, throat, solar plexus, or groin (when you are on the ground and your opponent is standing) or any other vulnerable area.
From your stance, let the elbow lead the body as you pivot through the strike on the ball of your rear foot. Bend your knees slightly to generate power allowing your hips to explode through the target.
Pivot the front leg inward and straighten your knees as you punch. A common mistake is to coil the arm rather than the body.
Make contact just below your elbow tip and explode up and through the strike.
#5 -- The Vertical Elbow Drop
Targeting the back of the neck or kidneys, and when on the ground, the face, groin, kidneys
Drop your body weight by bending your knees and simultaneously bring your elbow down on your target striking just above the elbow tip while moving your body in concert.
Do not bring your arm higher than you would position it in your regular outlet stance. (A weapon can be brought down on a target in the same way.)
#6 -- The Perpendicular Elbow
Targeting the groin, midsection or solar plexus.
#7 -- The Rear Vertical Uppercut Elbow
Targeting the jaw.
The rear vertical elbow strike is another good follow-on to the short rear elbow.
With your legs slightly bent, make a fist to strengthen your arms and shoulder. Look where you are striking.
Explode upward with your hips, shoulder, and arm, targeting the solar plexus, throat, and face with the top of your elbow. You can also use a blunt weapon with this strike.
Your hips once again create the power by opening up as you take a short step backward with the leg on the same side making contact just above the tip of the elbow.
Keep your striking arm close to your body and look over your shoulder at the threat.
Step back slightly with the sameside leg as your striking arm. As you shift your body weight through the strike, make impact with the elbow to the groin. You can either keep your hand open or clenched.
Elbow Strikes #8-10 (Orange Belt)
#8 -- The “Over the Top” Elbow
Targeting the temple, eye orbit, jaw, back of the head or any other vulnerable area.
The “over the top” strike slams down on your opponent using a hip pivot movement compromise between that used in the straight punch and roundhouse punch.
Bring the striking elbow up and over, from high to low.
This strike is especially effective when you trap an opponent’s forward arm with your forward arm. Clamp down the opponent’s defense to attack vulnerable target areas.
Note, you can also use a weapon to strike “over the top, but, your arms should not cross and, instead, move in parallel.
#9 -- The Forearm Strike
Targeting the jaw, throat, nose and any other part of the face.
Step forward with your left foot while lifting your left arm parallel to your chest exposing the outer edge of your forearm.
The lower-body movements are similar to your previous strikes except for the striking area.
Raise your shoulder and tuck your chin to protect your jaw and neck. Keep your other hand up protecting yourself and prepared to launch another combative.
#10 -- The Anti-group Elbow
Targeting the jaw, throat, nose and any other part of the face.
Position your arms similar to two simultaneous half-roundhouse punches, except one fist (is higher than the other, so, upon contact, your fists do not collide.
Your striking points are your fists and elbows.
Tuck your chin and bull your neck to protect blows to the head.
Use the anti-group elbow when you must escape from multiple assailants. Look for an opening between two opponents and exploit the seam to make your escape.
Note: in krav maga, try never to put yourself between two assailants, -- except in this case when you must only place yourself in this vulnerable position for just a split second.
__________
Elbow Review #1-10 & Combinations (Yellow & Orange Belts)
Common elbow strike mistake summary: to recognize and preempt/help Students avoid in learning upper body strikes (note: many of the same mistakes are also made with Punches/palm heels [and other upper body strikes]) instructor should point out the following:
Not pivoting correctly with the rear leg; dragging the rear foot rather than pivoting to follow all the way through. Instructor may wish to use the analogy of “putting out” a cigarette.
For the rear elbow, the front foot must move slightly to accommodate the full follow-through
A short rather than a long movement.
Pushing the target rather than going through it.
Improper or lack of weight shift.
Student dropping the arm prior to delivering the strike.
Cocking the arm back or winding up.
Telegraphing the strike by the shoulder or head moving before the hand. (The hand should always initiate.)
Tightening the fist rather than leaving it loose until a fraction of a second before impact (recruiting fast muscle fibers until the last possible instance).
Failure to tuck the chin.
Student dropping the other arm or both arms.
Failure to recover immediately into a fighting stance.
Failure to breathe correctly.
Hand Groin Strikes (Yellow Belt)
Hand and Elbow Groin Strikes are highly effective follow-up strikes to the perpendicular rear elbow, or independent strikes in their own right.
Use this strike to target one of the body’s most sensitive areas. One option to strike the groin is using a cupped hand.
You may strike a forward, side, or rear-facing opponent. By whipping your hand into the groin, you create a potent debilitating blow.
You can also use a hammer fist, punch, or Vertical Elbow #5 directly into the groin if your positioning allows it as the various examples depict.
Note that groin strikes are highly effective against the popular Mixed Martial Arts and Jiu-Jitsu mount and guard positions, if you defend immediately.
Biting
Biting can be one of your most effective and vicious tools. Obviously, you must be close to someone. Instinctively, you will probably use your incisors for optimum effect. In a life and death situation, you may bite an opponent's jugular, rip his ear off or bite another part of his anatomy.
While this type of visceral combative is grotesque, krav maga emphasizes doing whatever you must to survive. Of course, contracting a communicable disease is a concern. Remember, that an opponent can also bite you, so, you must be careful about exposing yourself to the opponent's teeth.
Head Butts (Green Belt)
The head butt is not suitable for everyone.
The head can rotate 360 degrees and swivel 180 degrees.
A strong neck allows for the head to be used as a valuable personal weapon.
Headbutts can have a debilitating effect on an opponent often taking an adversary by surprise, especially when in-fighting.
Primary targets on an opponent include the nose, eye socket and ear.
The strike is optimally delivered with the front crown of the skull or the thickest frontal area of the forehead.
The back of the head may also be used with devastating effect against an opponent behind you. (Note the temple is the thinnest part of the skull, the upper part of the forehead is the thickest.)
Keep in mind that making your head a battering ram is not necessarily a wise option. Nevertheless, it has it place in your arsenal.
The Front & Rear Head Butts
The headbutt uses the crown of the skull to target the opponent’s nose or eyeridges.
This technique can be especially effective when taking an opponent by surprise by sinking your head into your shoulders to use your whole body as a battering ram.
You must bull your neck, keep your tongue free of the teeth and strengthen your jaw by keeping space between your upper and lower teeth. Your entire body is behind the strike, not just your neck muscles.
Power comes from the torso rather than the just neck along with your entire body moving through the strike. A rear headbutt option is also available using a similar technique against opponent’s nose or eye ridge. .
Note that the technique should not use crown of head against opponent’s crown of the head.
The rear headbutt is highly effective against someone grabbing you from behind.
As with the front head butt, your principal targets are the opponent’s nose and eyeridge.
Your entire body delivers the strike by bulling your shoulders and moving from the waist; do not just strike only with your head.
__________
Head Butt Strike Suggested Drills and Workout
Prior to vigorously practicing headbutts against a target be sure to stretch and warm-up your neck muscles. As noted, Head Butt strikes may not be suitable for everyone. Size, stature and any pre-existing injuries much be considered carefully when contemplating practicing or using a head butt as a combative. You may wish to consider strengthening your neck with manual resistance from a partner or controlled movements using elasticized bands, a towel or suitably heavy or light plates on your head while you lie down on your front, back and sides.
Practice the Head Butts both in the air and against a target. Please note, when practicing in the air (against no target), be sure not to hyper-extend your elbow; avoid locking your arm out.
When choosing to practice with a target, these drills may be performed using power against a designated hand-strike (focus pad or muy thai type) pad held by a partner who is instructed to provide considerable initial give and only resist with the pad as you build up your ability and physical strength to administer a proper head butt. Note, do not a heavy bag which may cause injury.
Note: Each Head Butts (both forward and rear) should be performed a minimum from both a respective left and right outlet stance. Therefore, you should perform a minimum of the suggested repetitions (15 hand strikes per each arm from each position)
Solo (in the air or against a hanging heavy bag) and/or Partner (holding a hand shield)
From both a de-escalation low outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions using the front head butt
* 15 repetitions using the rear head butt
From the fighting outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions using the front head butt
* 15 repetitions using the rear head butt
Partner Training
As you develop your Head Butts striking prowess, you may then incorporate these kicks into drills such as these using 10-15 repetitions per partner and then switch roles:
Have a partner hold a hand strike shield. Have him/her run mimic an aggressive step towards you simulating an attack. The partner does not have to simulate an attack other than moving forward with the hand strike shield. This develops your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full-force Horizontal Palm Heel (being sure not to damage the hand). Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact. Time the distance to enact full arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Horizontal Palm Heel Strike. Note, this "one step aggressor" drill may be performed with either a Front or a Rear Horizontal Palm Heel strike.
Shovel & Over-the-top Punches (Orange Belt)
Shovel Punch
Targeting the ribs, liver or kidneys
The shovel punch is similar to an Shovel and Over-the Top Punches but your forearm is parallel to the ground exploding into the opponent’s groin or midsection.
As you deliver this strike, pivot your lower body and hips. Be sure to align the wrist properly.
While body punches are effective, knees are one of the surest methods down an opponent.
Over-the-top Punch
The over-the-top punch from the rear is from a slightly vertical angle slamming down on your attacker’s eye socket, nose or jaw.
The body movement is similar to an “over-the-top elbow” where your striking arm moves high to low and slams down on your target.
Note, strike is especially effective when you are able to trap an attacker’s forward arm with your forward arm to bring down his defense while simultaneously delivering the strike to his exposed head.
Most common mistakes for over-the-top punch rear arm:
Wrist is improperly positioned
Angle of descending punch is incorrect (first knuckles instead of second knuckles make impact)
The loop of the punch is too high
Most common mistakes for over-the-top punch front arm:
Wrist is improperly positioned
Angle of descending punch is incorrect (first knuckles instead of second knuckles make impact)
Students loop the punch too high
_______________
Shovel and Over-the Top Punches Suggested Drills and Workout
Practice the Shovel and Over-the Top Punches both in the air and against a target. Please note, when practicing in the air (against no target), be sure not to hyper-extend your elbow; avoid locking your arm out.
When choosing to practice with a target, these drills may be performed using power against a designated hand-strike (focus pad or muy thai type) pad held by a partner and a hanging heavy bag. You may also practice Shovel and Over-the Top Punches with hand protection delicately against a tree or pole to develop precision, hand, and wrist strength (remember, however, that, you are not going to win in a punching contest against a solid tree or pole!)
Note: Each Shovel and Over-the Top Punches (both forward and rear) should be performed a minimum from both a respective left and right outlet stance. Therefore, you should perform a minimum of the suggested repetitions (15 punches per each leg from each position)
Solo (in the air or against a hanging heavy bag) and/or Partner (holding a hand shield)
From both a de-escalation low left and right outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions of the straight rear punch
* 15 repetitions of the straight front punch
* 15 repetitions of the straight front/rear Shovel and Over-the Top Punches combination with proper pivoting
From the fighting left and right outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions of the straight rear punch
* 15 repetitions of the straight front punch
* 15 repetitions of the straight front/rear Shovel and Over-the Top Punches combination with proper pivoting
Additional Solo Training
For these drills be sure to practice from both the left and right outlet stances:
Eight Second Endurance Drill – This drill helps develop hand speed and endurance. The basis of the drill is eight seconds of non-stop Shovel and Over-the Top Punches using single arm punches and combined left-right and right left punch combinations followed by eight seconds of rest before the next eight second interval of non-stop punching. As you punch you should chop your feet or run in place on the balls of your feet.
Room Traverse Drill – Any size room may be used for this Shovel and Over-the Top Punches Drill. The purpose is to move across a room practicing Shovel and Over-the Top Punches. You may use single arm punches or “one-two” front and rear arm punches combined with good footwork.
In and Out Drill – This drill focuses on delivering a three Shovel and Over-the Top Punches Combination. The goal is to move forward into a three-part Shovel and Over-the Top Punches Combination: lead punch, rear punch, lead punch and then retreat using proper footwork. The arms, as always, must move as pistons with e economy of motion and piston-like timing.
Distance Control Drill – This drill focuses on developing an all-important inter-related arm control and distance judgment capability. With a heavy bag or, alternatively, a tree, or wall (in which case substantial hand protection is essential in the event you misjudge the distance) you will execute fast punches but not make contact to the object. Be sure, as always, not to hyper-extend the elbow of your punching arm. The better you become at controlling your accuracy and range, the closer you will be able to simulate striking the object without making contact. This is a crucial skill set for working with a partner at full speed to hone your krav maga abilities.
Partner Training
As you develop your n striking prowess, you may then incorporate the punches into drills such as these using 10-15 repetitions per partner and then switch roles:
Have a partner mimic a hook punch upperbody attack where you use a controlled timing lead Shovel and Over-the Top Punches to stop (preempt) the attack. In other words, you use your linear punch targeting the attacker’s head. This tactic, with correct timing works, as it takes roughly three times the distance for a hook punch to reach a target compared to a Shovel and Over-the Top Punches. Therefore, if you recognize the hook punch attack in time, you’ll be able to preempt it (followed by additional combatives as necessary.)
Have a partner hold a hand strike shield. Have him/her run mimic an aggressive step towards you simulating an attack. The partner does not have to simulate an attack other than moving forward with the hand strike shield. This develops your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full-force punches. Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact. Time the distance to enact full arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Shovel and Over-the-top punches. Note, this "one step aggressor" drill may be performed with either Front or Rear Straight Shovel and Over-the-top punches.
Similar to drill #2, have a partner hold a hand pad shield. Have him/her run at you to develop your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full force punches. Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact with the ball of your foot to incoming punching the incoming hand pad. Time the distance to enact arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Shovel and Over-the Top Punches.
Perform Drills #2 and #3 as above using a double Shovel and Over-the Top Punches combination. On contact as you drive your partner back with the lead punch, immediately follow through with a rear Shovel and Over-the Top Punches. Note this timing is the beginning of a retzev continuous motion attack.
To develop your ability to adjust your Shovel and Over-the Top Puncheses "on the fly", using footwork to adjust your position, have a partner use footwork and body evasions to move around an open area as you simulate Shovel and Over-the Top Puncheses in the air with whichever arm is most convenient. No contact is made with your partner. A suggested initial chase period should last at least 60 seconds before you rest or switch roles.
To further develop accuracy, when alone you can choose a point on an object such as a pole or tree (keeping in mind once again not to punches full force as you can injure yourself against an object that will not "give"). When a partner is available, the partner can hold a rolled up magazine, cane, or straight smooth stick (that will not splinter) or any object with a bit of length at head height to simulate at target. Be sure that partner holding the object holds it away from his/body at groin or knee level. You will punch the suitable object (one that will not injure your partner's hand or is too short to slide in the partner's hand without your punching arm.) Punching a small target will develop both your balance and accuracy (using the first two knuckles of the hand). Be sure not to focus on the target but rather look at your partner's chin or his/her torso in its entirety.
In a partner timing drill, you and your partner use timing to exchange punches without making contact. Footwork is essential to move in and out properly and keep the correct distance to avoid any contact with your partner. Remember to keep your feet equidistant as you move in and out. Be sure to use proper hip pivots. Use the following combinations from both the left and right outlet stances: (a) Left/right Shovel and Over-the Top Punches with proper advance and retreat; (b) Right/left Shovel and Over-the Top Puncheses with proper advance and retreat. Example: Partner 1 and Partner 2 face each other in left outlet stances. P1 initiates a rear right Shovel and Over-the Top Punches and P2 mirrors the movement. In essence, P1 and P2 exchange right rear Shovel and Over-the Top Punches.
Rear Hammer Fist (Orange Belt)
Head must lead the body.
Hammer fist to standing attacker (pivot into attacker making contact to his face, principally, the nose.)
Keep elbow bent to prevent elbow hyperextension and contact is made with the fleshing part of the palm
Do not wind up → telegraphs strike
_______________
Rear Hammer Fist Suggested Drills and Workout
Practice the Rear Hammer Fist Strike both in the air and against a target. Please note, when practicing in the air (against no target), be sure not to hyper-extend your elbow; avoid locking your arm out.
When choosing to practice with a target, these drills may be performed using power against a designated hand-strike (focus pad or muy thai type) pad held by a partner and a hanging heavy bag. You may also practice Rear Hammer Fist Strike with hand protection delicately against a tree or pole to develop precision, hand, and wrist strength (remember, however, that, you are not going to win in a punching contest against a solid tree or pole!)
Note: Each Rear Hammer Fist Strike (both forward and rear) should be performed a minimum from both a respective left and right outlet stance. Therefore, you should perform a minimum of the suggested repetitions (15 punches per each leg from each position)
Solo (in the air or against a hanging heavy bag) and/or Partner (holding a hand shield)
From both a de-escalation low left and right outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions of the right Hammerfist Strike
* 15 repetitions of the left Hammerfist Strike
From the fighting outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions of the right Hammerfist Strike
* 15 repetitions of the left Hammerfist Strike
Additional Solo Training
For these drills be sure to practice from both the left and right outlet stances:
Distance Control Drill – This drill focuses on developing an all-important inter-related arm control and distance judgment capability. With a heavy bag or, alternatively, a tree, or wall (in which case substantial hand protection is essential in the event you misjudge the distance) you will execute fast punches but not make contact to the object. Be sure, as always, not to hyper-extend the elbow of your punching arm. The better you become at controlling your accuracy and range, the closer you will be able to simulate striking the object without making contact. This is a crucial skill set for working with a partner at full speed to hone your krav maga abilities.
Partner Training
As you develop your n striking prowess, you may then incorporate the punches into drills such as these using 10-15 repetitions per partner and then switch roles:
Have a partner hold a hand strike shield. Have him/her run mimic an aggressive step towards you simulating an attack. The partner does not have to simulate an attack other than moving forward with the hand strike shield. This develops your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full-force punches. Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact. Time the distance to enact full arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Straight Punches.
Similar to drill #2, have a partner hold a hand pad shield. Have him/her run at you to develop your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full force punches. Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact with the ball of your foot to incoming punching the incoming hand pad. Time the distance to enact arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Rear Hammer Fist Strike.
Perform Drills #2 and #3 as above using a double Rear Hammer Fist Strike combination. On contact as you drive your partner back with the lead punch, immediately follow through with a rear Rear Hammer Fist Strike. Note this timing is the beginning of a retzev continuous motion counter-attack.
To further develop accuracy, when alone you can choose a point on an object such as a pole or tree (keeping in mind once again not to punches full force as you can injure yourself against an object that will not "give"). When a partner is available, the partner can hold a rolled up magazine, cane, or straight smooth stick (that will not splinter) or any object with a bit of length at head height to simulate at target. Be sure that partner holding the object holds it away from his/body at groin or knee level. You will punch the suitable object (one that will not injure your partner's hand or is too short to slide in the partner's hand without your punching arm.) Punching a small target will develop both your balance and accuracy (using the first two knuckles of the hand). Be sure not to focus on the target but rather look at your partner's chin or his/her torso in its entirety.
Rear Chokes (Orange Belt)
Chokes are fight enders. Chokes must only be used in a self-defense situation where you have an acute fear that the assailant intends you serious bodily harm. In krav maga parlance, there are two types of choke holds known as “chokes” and “blood chokes.” Both techniques achieve the same result: unconsciousness, brain damage, or death, depending on the force and length of time for which the choke is applied.
Chokes cut off the oxygen supply to the brain by preventing air from refilling the lungs. In addition, a choke can cause severe damage to the trachea, hyoid bone, and larynx. (Be aware that a choke or strangulation technique can exacerbate or trigger a preexisting medical condition, resulting in death.) The tongue can also become lodged in back of the throat and occlude airflow.
Blood chokes or strangulation techniques stop the flow of blood by constricting the carotid artery and jugular veins on the sides of the neck that carry oxygenated and deoxygenated blood. As emphasized, you must not allow anyone to get his or her hands, arms, or legs around your neck.
Choke techniques can utilize the hands, forearms, or other objects such as a stick or rolled-up magazine placed across the throat. The key to proper chokes is using your hands and arms to provide leverage and compression that leave your adversary few, if any, defenses. The narrower the choking implement, the easier the insertion under the adversary’s chin to attack the neck.
The ulnar and radial edges of the wrist and forearm are particularly well suited to apply compression to the throat and neck. An adversary’s clothing can be used against him, and so can yours—so beware. You must keep your head close to your adversary to avoid countertechniques. The following three techniques are applied from the rear, the most advantageous choking position.
The “professional” rear naked choke can be thought of as a superior combination of the two previous choking techniques because of the extreme pressure that may be applied.
The blade of the forearm and biceps apply pressure to the adversary’s carotid sheath on both sides of the neck, stopping blood flow to his brain.
Grab your left biceps with your right hand.
Snake the nonchoking arm behind your adversary’s head and place your hand on the rear of his skull.
Do not place the hand too high because the adversary can remove or pluck it away to disable the choke.
To apply pressure, squeeze your choking arm toward you and flex your nonchoking arm’s biceps while exerting pressure forward with your hand clenched in a fist. At the same time, lean the side of your head into your hand for added choking pressure.
Your body is essentially both leaning forward (on the top plane of your left arm) and pulling back (on the bottom plane of your right arm) to exert maximum choking pressure. T
o optimize the choke, you may rock the assailant slightly to one side and then the other to cinch the choke and thwart his counters. Keep your body tight to your adversary and tuck your head.
Clasp your hand with your nonchoking arm and squeeze your arm together to constrict blood flow.
Keep your hips square for equal the opportunity to apply the choke with either arm.
When on the ground, do not cross your hooked feet unless you can obtain a figure-four position and keep your legs on your adversary’s thighs to prevent him from applying ankle locks.
The crook-of-the-elbow hanging choke—a blood choke—applies pressure to the adversary’s carotid sheath on both sides of the neck. This pressure occludes blood flow to his brain.
Pressure is applied using your biceps muscle and radius of the arm.
Keep your body tight to your adversary with your head tucked.
Clasp your right hand with your left hand and squeeze your arms together to constrict blood flow. When practicing with a partner, use extreme caution.
Weapons of Opportunity (Yellow-Black Belts)
You can
use defensive weapons of opportunity and objects of distraction to gain a decisive advantage or level the fighting field.
distract an opponent simply by spitting into his eyes while simultaneously kicking him in the groin.
slip off your high-heels and jam a heel into an attacker’s eyes.
liquid into his face or an earring to distract him while simultaneously delivering a groin kick or otherwise hobbling him.
Defensive weapons of opportunity can be loosely grouped into five categories:
Blunt objects. These include sticks, flashlights, stones, chairs, magazines, books, garbage can lids, briefcases, bottles, shoes, and wrenches.
Edged or point-like objects. These include broken bottles, keys, scissors, pens, forks, and cooking thermometers.
Flexible elongated objects. These include belts, chains, ropes, jackets, and towels.
Distraction objects and irritant liquids/sprays. These include keys, coins, watches, loose papers, cellular phones, jewelry, clothing, perfume, spittle, and aerosols. Note that certain liquids or sprays may result in a temporary or even more permanent blinding effect.
Defensive shield-type objects. These include chairs, briefcases, duffle bags, garbage lids, and other shield-like objects.
Straight Kicks (Yellow Belt)
Front Straight Kick
Kicking with your rear leg will connect with enormous power to your opponent’s knee, groin, abdomen and midsection. Higher targets include the neck and the head. Elbows and hammerfists are strong follow-up combatives into retzev.
Pivoting on your non-kicking or base leg (in this case, your rear leg) is the key to developing maximum reach and power.
Although the optimal turn is 90 degrees, some people experience knee discomfort when they turn the knee this far.
Turning approximately 90 degree son your base leg will thrust your hips forward, giving you maximum extension and power using glicha or sliding step to carry your body weight through the kick.
This enables you to throw your body mass behind the kick.
As you kick, keep your hands up to protect your head.
Launch the kick from low to high or “under the radar screen” of your opponent’s vision.
Connect with the ball of your foot against your target.
Do not raise the knee up and then push out to kick. Rather, snap or thrust the kick towards the target.
After impact, land with your kicking leg forward. Keep your hands up the entire time. Many people unconsciously drop their hands to improve their balance. (Note: You can practice keeping your hands up by grabbing your shirt collar as you kick).
Rear Straight Kick
You’ll use similar kicking and base leg movements for the front kick as you did for the rear kick to maximize your reach and kicking power. Elbows and hammerfists are strong follow-up combatives into retzev.
Pivoting on your non-kicking or base leg (in this case, your front leg) is the key to developing maximum reach and power.
Although the optimal turn is 90 degrees, some people experience knee discomfort when they turn the knee this far.
Turning approximately 90 degree son your base leg will thrust your hips forward, giving you maximum extension and power using glicha or sliding step to carry your body weight through the kick.
This enables you to throw your body mass behind the kick.
As you kick, keep your hands up to protect your head.
Launch the kick from low to high or “under the radar screen” of your opponent’s vision.
Connect with the ball of your foot against your target.
Do not raise the knee up and then push out to kick. Rather, snap or thrust the kick towards the target.
After impact, land with your kicking leg forward. Keep your hands up the entire time. Many people unconsciously drop their hands to improve their balance. (Note: You can practice keeping your hands up by grabbing your shirt collar as you kick).
To enhance your footwork and balance, learn to deliver the kick and then retreat back into an opposite fighting stance. As your kicking leg touches the ground, use the retreating footwork you learned previously.
Straight Knees (Yellow Belt)
Once you know how to straight kick, you know how to straight knee. Knee attacks provide some of the most punishing strikes and a strong finish to any technique. Elbows and hammerfists are strong follow-up combatives into retzev.
Knee your opponent with the same technique you use to kick. Rather than make contact with your foot, however, you’ll jam your kneecap into your target. By returning to your left outlet stance, you will rechamber your knee which provides additional powerful and debilitating strikes.
Straight Knee
Kneeing with your rear leg will connect with enormous power to your opponent’s groin, thigh and midsection. You can also knee an opponent in the head if you fell him with a strike lowering his level to allow you to target his head with a knee. Elbows are strong follow-up combatives into retzev.
Pivoting on your non-kicking or base leg (in this case, your rear leg) is the key to developing maximum reach and power.
Although the optimal turn is 90 degrees, some people experience knee discomfort when they turn the knee this far.
Turning approximately 90 degree son your base leg will thrust your hips forward, giving you maximum extension and power using glicha or sliding step to carry your body weight through the kick.
This enables you to throw your body mass behind the knee strike.
As you knee, keep your hands up to protect your head.
Launch the knee from low to high or “under the radar screen” of your opponent’s vision.
Connect with your patella against your target.
After impact, land with your kicking leg forward. Keep your hands up the entire time. Many people unconsciously drop their hands to improve their balance. (Note: You can practice keeping your hands up by grabbing your shirt collar as you kick).
Side Kicks (Yellow Belt)
Standing
The sidekick enables you to kick a threat to your side or rear and is one of your most formidable striking weapons against the attacker’s forward knee, thighs, or midsection. The sidekick also works well if you find yourself on the ground with your attacker standing over you.
The attacker’s knees, thighs, and groin usually present the best targets when in this position. If opportune, you can also increase the effectiveness of this combative by hooking the attacker’s heel with your lower leg to immobilize the knee just prior to impact thereby increasing the trauma to the knee.
By varying your outlet stance or “cheating” by positioning your feet almost perpendicular to your opponent, the sidekick can target an opponent in front of you.
Execute the sidekick with your front leg, which is closer to your target.
Once again, pivoting and aligning the base leg in the appropriate direction is essential to maximize reach and power.
To execute the standing kick, raise your front kicking leg until your leg is bent 90 degrees and your thigh is parallel to the ground.
Deliver the kick by thrusting your raised leg out, pointing the heel towards the target and curling the toes toward your body.
Keep your foot parallel with the ground as you make contact. As with every other kick, your body weight must shift forward into your target.
On the Ground
To execute the kick while on the ground, keep both hands raised in a defensive posture and one leg on the ground. Kick sideways on an upward motion, curling your toes toward you and connecting with your heel.
You may wish to place one forearm on the ground to establish a strong kicking base with good balance.
Keep your non-kicking leg flush against the ground prior to the kick. As you kick, this base leg may rise slightly off the ground to give you leverage.
Roundhouse Kicks (Yellow Belt)
Rear Roundhouse Kick
This swift and powerful combative strike targets the opponent’s vulnerable leg areas. The medium height roundhouse kick targets the groin, midsection, ribs, and kidneys, whereas a high roundhouse kick targets the neck and head.
From your (left) outlet stance, raise your right, rear leg and then rotate the knee, thigh, and shin parallel to the ground.
Pivot on the ball of your base leg foot so that your body turns to the right, in the direction of your kneecap. If your pivot is correct, you will end up with your buttocks facing an imaginary opponent in front of you.
Keep your eyes on your target.
Continue to pivot and swing around toward your opponent as you straighten and strengthen your kicking leg to simulate the kick.
As with your other combative strikes, your entire weight comes through the kick as your body torques through the target.
As your body turns, keep your eyes on your target.
As you kick, your hip must “roll over” or rotate parallel to the ground so that your foot is parallel to the ground.
This kick emphasizes connecting with the shin. In specific targeting circumstances, you can connect with the ball of your foot.
When you use your shin, extend your toes and straighten your leg and attack the Achilles, knee joint, thigh, or midsection. If you kick with the ball of your foot, pull back the toes and keep your foot parallel to the ground. This second option provides a more precise striking surface, ideal for striking the groin.
To facilitate the kick and accelerate the pivot, you can also take a step out with the base leg to set up the roundhouse kick rather than spinning on the ball of your foot.
This shortcut is particularly useful for low powerful sweeps against an attacker’s Achilles.
Note: You can easily convert a roundhouse shin kick into a sweep by lowering your center of gravity to target the opponent’s Achilles tendon just above the ankle.
Front Roundhouse Kick
Similar to the rear roundhouse, you’ll execute this kick with your front leg. The front roundhouse kick is a particularly effective quick kick because of your proximity to your opponent.
You’ll execute this kick in the same manner as the rear roundhouse kick using a step, except your rear leg now becomes your base leg.
As with the rear roundhouse kick, your body must swing through the kick to maximize its impact.
Roundhouse Kick with Ball of the Foot (Orange Belt)
Rear Roundhouse Kick with Ball of the Foot
This powerful combative strike generally targets the attacker's groin. Note, this kick usually involves the defender executing the kick with body defense to pull himself/herself away from an attack such as a straight punch or hook or, in the case of an edged weapon attack, a straight stab, slash or short range overhand attack.
A medium height roundhouse kick with the ball of the foot can also target the midsection, liver, ribs, and kidneys. A high roundhouse kick with the ball of the foot targets the neck and head.
From your (left) outlet stance, raise your right, rear leg and then rotate the knee, thigh, and shin parallel to the ground.
Pivot on the ball of your base leg foot so that your body turns to the right, in the direction of your kneecap. If your pivot is correct, you will end up with your buttocks facing an imaginary opponent in front of you.
Curl your toes in preparation for impact.
When you connect with the ball of the foot, pull back the toes and keep your foot parallel to the ground. This second option provides a more precise striking surface, ideal for striking the groin.
Keep your eyes on your target.
Continue to pivot and swing around toward your opponent as you straighten and strengthen your kicking leg to simulate the kick.
As your body turns, keep your eyes on your target.
As you kick, your hip must “roll over” or rotate parallel to the ground so that your foot is parallel to the ground.
To facilitate the kick and accelerate the pivot, you can also take a step out with the base leg to set up the roundhouse kick rather than spinning on the ball of your foot.
You may follow this kick up with a sidekick to the attacker's knee (See Weapon Defenses)
________________
Roundhouse Kick with Ball of the Foot Suggested Drills and Workout
Practice the Roundhouse Kick Ball of the Foot both in the air and against a target. Please note, when practicing in the air (against no target), be sure not to hyper-extend your knee; avoid locking your leg out.
When choosing to practice with a target, these drills may be performed using power against a designated kicking shield held by a partner and a hanging heavy bag. You may also practice Roundhouse Kicks delicately against a tree to develop movement (remember, however, that, you are not going to win in a kicking contest against a solid tree!)
Note: Each Roundhouse Kick Ball of the Foot should be performed a minimum from both a respective left and right outlet stance. Therefore, you should perform a minimum of the suggested repetitions (15 kicks per each leg from each position)
Solo (in the air or against a hanging heavy bag -- be careful not to damage your foot) and/or Partner (holding a a kicking shield)
From both a de-escalation low outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions of the Roundhouse Rear Kick
* 15 repetitions of the Roundhouse Front Kick
From the fighting outlet stance:
* 15 repetitions of the Rear Roundhouse Kick
* 15 repetitions of the Front Roundhouse Kick
Partner Training
As you develop your straight kicking prowess, you may then incorporate these kicks into drills such as these using 10-15 repetitions per partner and then switch roles:
Have a partner mimic an upperbody attack where you use a controlled timing Roundhouse Kick Ball of the Foot (your preference of either leg from either de-escalation or fighting stances) to preempt the attack. In other words, you use your superior kick reach to strike the attack in the thigh to stop an upperbody attack. (Note, in a real self-defense situation, obviously you would strike full-force to the thigh, knee, or midsection (liver or ribs.)
Have a partner hold a kicking shield low and to the side keeping the knee bent behind the shield. Be sure the leg can easily move with the impact of the Roundhouse Kick Ball of the Foot. Have him/her run mimic an aggressive step towards you simulating an attack. The partner does not have to simulate an attack other than moving forward with the kicking shield. This develops your timing to stop an attack. This drill should incorporate full-force kicks. Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact with your shin into the kicking shield. Time the distance to enact full hip extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Roundhouse Kick Ball of the Foot. Note, this "one step aggressor" drill may be performed with either a Front Roundhouse Kick or a Rear Roundhouse Kick Ball of the Foot.
To further develop accuracy, when alone you can choose a point on an object such as a pole or tree (keeping in mind once again not to kick full force as you can injure yourself against an object that will not "give"). When a partner is available, the partner can hold a rolled up magazine, cane, or straight smooth stick (that will not splinter) or any object with a bit of length at groin or knee height to simulate a target. Be sure that partner holding the object holds it away from his/body at groin or knee level. You will kick the suitable object (one that will not injure your partner's hand or is too short to slide in the partner's hand without your kicking the hand.) Kicking a small target will develop both your balance and accuracy. Be sure not to focus on the target but rather look at your partner's chin or his/her torso in its entirety.
This is a crucial skill to develop against edged weapon attacks. Therefore, practicing with a partner attacking you with the following mock attacks:
*Straight stab
*Forward slash
*Close overhead stab
Punch Combinations (Orange Belt -- non-exclusive list)
Low straight punches with body defense.
Low roundhouse/high roundhouse with same arm and opposite arm combinations.
Straight punch and horizontal elbow combination with the same arm.
Straight punch and horizontal roundhouse combination with the same arm.
Roundhouse punch with forward arm and straight punch with the rear arm.
Roundhouse punch with forward arm and uppercut with rear arm.
Straight punch with forward arm and uppercut with same arm.
Roundhouse punch with forward arm and uppercut with rear arm.
Uppercut with forward arm and roundhouse with same arm.
Uppercut with forward arm and roundhouse with rear arm.
Uppercut combinations (front/rear & rear/front).
Body uppercut to left hook with front arm.
Body uppercut to right with rear arm, right hook with rear arm.
Body uppercut front, body uppercut rear, uppercut front.
Right hook with rear arm, body uppercut with left front arm.
Body uppercut with left, uppercut with right, hook the head with left.
Straight punch with forward arm to then trap Opponent’s opposite arm setting up rear straight punch.
Trap using rear hand against Opponent’s front hand followed by straight punch with the forward arm.
Any combination of these.
_________________
Punch Combination Suggested Drills and Workout
Be sure to practice the punch combinations from both the left and right fighting outlet stances.
Solo
For each of the above combinations you should perform multiple repetitions (minimum of 15 repetitions)
You may wish to perform these combinations in front of a mirror to monitor your form (and for motivation!)
Practice the various combinations in increasing 15 second increments such as 15, 30, 45 and 60 second time periods. Note, you may wish to rest the same increment of time or whatever the least amount of time you need to recover. Obviously, as your stamina improves these rest periods will be become less.
Practice each of these against a heavy bag.
You may also practice each of these against a standing pole or tree using adequate hand protection. CAUTION: DRILL IS NOT DESIGNED FOR 100% POWER. You are not going to win a punch contest against a pole or tree.
Additional Solo Training
For these drills be sure to practice from both the left and right outlet stances:
Eight Second Endurance Drill – This drill helps develop hand speed and endurance. The basis of the drill is eight seconds of non-stop Preferred Punch Combinations using single arm punches and combined left-right and right left punch combinations followed by eight seconds of rest before the next eight second interval of non-stop punching. As you punch you should chop your feet or run in place on the balls of your feet.
Room Traverse Drill – Any size room may be used for this Preferred Punch Combinations Drill. The purpose is to move across a room practicing Preferred Punch Combinations. You may use single arm punches or “one-two” front and rear arm punches combined with good footwork.
In and Out Drill – This drill focuses on delivering a three Preferred Punch Combinations. The goal is to move forward into a three-part Preferred Punch Combinations. The arms, as always, must move as pistons with e economy of motion and piston-like timing.
Distance Control Drill – This drill focuses on developing an all-important inter-related arm control and distance judgment capability. With a heavy bag or, alternatively, a tree, or wall (in which case substantial hand protection is essential in the event you misjudge the distance) you will execute fast punches but not make contact to the object. Be sure, as always, not to hyper-extend the elbow of your punching arm. The better you become at controlling your accuracy and range, the closer you will be able to simulate striking the object without making contact. This is a crucial skill set for working with a partner at full speed to hone your krav maga abilities.
Partner Training
Exchange these punch combinations in the air by maintaining separation
Exchange these punch combinations using 16 ounce boxing gloves where your partner uses an an "arm shield" cover to absorb your strikes. CAUTION: THIS DRILL IS NOT DESIGNED FOR 100% POWER.
Practice each of these against a heavy bag with a partner holding the bag for resistance.
Practice e each of these against a heavy bag with a partner holding the bag for resistance.
Practice e each of these against focus mitts or muy thai pads with a partner providing good resistance and different combination looks to enhance your reaction, accuracy, range and timing.
Additional Partner Training
As you develop your n striking prowess, you may then incorporate the punches into drills such as these using 10-15 repetitions per partner and then switch roles:
Have a partner mimic a hook punch upperbody attack where you use a controlled timing lead Preferred Punch Combinations to stop (preempt) the attack. In other words, you use your linear punch targeting the attacker’s head. This tactic, with correct timing works, as it takes roughly three times the distance for a hook punch to reach a target compared to a Preferred Punch Combinations. Therefore, if you recognize the hook punch attack in time, you’ll be able to preempt it (followed by additional combatives as necessary.)
Have a partner hold a hand strike shield. Have him/her run mimic an aggressive step towards you simulating an attack. The partner does not have to simulate an attack other than moving forward with the hand strike shield. This develops your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full-force punches. Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact. Time the distance to enact full arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Punch Combinations.
Similar to drill #2, have a partner hold a hand pad shield. Have him/her run at you to develop your timing to stop an onrushing attack. This drill should incorporate full force punches. Accordingly, your partner should hold the pad firmly and exhale when you make contact with the ball of your foot to incoming punching the incoming hand pad. Time the distance to enact arm and shoulder extension. If you get jammed, you are late in delivering the Preferred Punch Combinations.
Perform Drills #2 and #3 as above using a double Preferred Punch Combinations. On contact as you drive your partner back with the lead punch, immediately follow through with a rear Preferred Punch Combination. Note this timing is the beginning of a retzev continuous motion attack.
To develop your ability to adjust your Preferred Punch Combinations "on the fly", using footwork to adjust your position, have a partner use footwork and body evasions to move around an open area as you simulate Preferred Punch Combination Punches in the air with whichever arm is most convenient. No contact is made with your partner. A suggested initial chase period should last at least 60 seconds before you rest or switch roles.
To further develop accuracy, when alone you can choose a point on an object such as a pole or tree (keeping in mind once again not to punches full force as you can injure yourself against an object that will not "give"). When a partner is available, the partner can hold a rolled up magazine, cane, or straight smooth stick (that will not splinter) or any object with a bit of length at head height to simulate at target. Be sure that partner holding the object holds it away from his/body at groin or knee level. You will punch the suitable object (one that will not injure your partner's hand or is too short to slide in the partner's hand without your punching arm.) Punching a small target will develop both your balance and accuracy (using the first two knuckles of the hand). Be sure not to focus on the target but rather look at your partner's chin or his/her torso in its entirety.
In a partner timing drill, you and your partner use timing to exchange punches without making contact. Footwork is essential to move in and out properly and keep the correct distance to avoid any contact with your partner. Remember to keep your feet equidistant as you move in and out. Be sure to use proper hip pivots. Use the following combinations from both the left and right outlet stances: (a) Left/right Preferred Punch Combinations with proper advance and retreat; (b) Right/left Preferred Punch Combination Punches with proper advance and retreat. Example: Partner 1 and Partner 2 face each other in left outlet stances. P1 initiates a rear right Preferred Punch Combinations and P2 mirrors the movement. In essence, P1 and P2 exchange right rear Preferred Punch Combinations.
Kick/Punch combinations
1) Straight rear kick with step forward (into opposite outlet stance) and punch in one motion
2) Straight front kick forward with step and punch with same side arm
3) Straight kick to groin from rear and knee to head with same leg
4) High/low roundhouse combination with same leg
5) Low/high roundhouse combination with same leg
6) Straight kick forward and then knee with other leg
7) Right low roundhouse kick into right straight punch into a left straight punch into a low left roundhouse kick
Punch/Kick combinations
1) Straight left punch with low right roundhouse kick
2) Straight left/right (“1-2”) combination with low right roundhouse kick
3) Straight left/right (“1-2”) combination with low right roundhouse kick into low left roundhouse kick
4) Straight left punch with low left roundhouse kick into a right straight punch into a right low roundhouse kick
Knee & Elbow Combinations (Yellow Belt)
Example of rear straight knee --> touching down into sameside front horizontal #1 elbow --> rear horzontal #1 elbow --> rear straight knee
Knee and elbow combinations are some of your most powerful close-in strikes. These combinations work debilitatingly well together:
Rear straight knee --> touching down into sameside front horizontal #1 elbow --> rear horzontal #1 elbow --> rear straight knee
Front horizontal #1 elbow --> rear horizontal #1 elbow --> rear knee --> switching to rear knee from opposite leg
Rear straight knee --> alternate rear straight knee --> front horizontal #1 elbow --> opposite rear horizontal elbow
Over-top-elbow #8 --> rear horizontal #1 elbow --> rear knee --> switching to rear knee from opposite leg
Front horizontal #1 elbow --> rear over-the-top #8 elbow --> rear knee --> switching to rear knee from opposite leg
Retzev
If you must fight, identify the opportune moment to attack the attacker with a continuous overwhelming counterattack using retzev or “continuous combat motion.” Combined with simultaneous defense and attack or near simultaneous defense and attack, retzev is a seamless, decisive, and overpowering counterattack forming the backbone of the Israeli fighting system. Retzev may be understood using combined upper- and lower-body combatives, locks, chokes, throws, takedowns, and weapons interchangeably and without pause.
Exert maximum speed and aggression. Your goal is not to definitively win a fight, but, rather, to escape. Never forget that the level of force you use to defend yourself should be commensurate with the threat. Once the threat is no more, you must cease counteroffensive actions. The krav maga system is designed to conform to you. You do not need to conform to the system or adopt any rigid, set solutions. To be sure, there are preferred counterattack methods using retzev to prevail, but you must react instinctively to the best of your ability.
If you must fight, identify the opportune moment to attack the attacker with a continuous overwhelming counterattack using retzev or “continuous combat motion.” Combined with simultaneous defense and attack or near simultaneous defense and attack, retzev is a seamless, decisive, and overpowering counterattack forming the backbone of the Israeli fighting system. Retzev may be understood using combined upper- and lower-body combatives, locks, chokes, throws, takedowns, and weapons interchangeably and without pause.
Exert maximum speed and aggression. Your goal is not to definitively win a fight, but, rather, to escape. Never forget that the level of force you use to defend yourself should be commensurate with the threat. Once the threat is no more, you must cease counteroffensive actions. The krav maga system is designed to conform to you. You do not need to conform to the system or adopt any rigid, set solutions. To be sure, there are preferred counterattack methods using retzev to prevail, but you must react instinctively to the best of your ability.
360 Hook Punch Defense
Your instinctive 360 defenses counter outside attacks (such as slaps and roundhouse or hook punches), outside straight or sucker punches (whereby an assailant attempts to punch you in the face from an indirect off angle out of your line of vision), and knife or edged-weapon attacks.
From a de-escalatory stance (Note: Not a fighting stance as you did not recognize danger until the punch begins.), as you react to the incoming hook/haymaker punch, immediately begin to step off the line of attack while raising your arms up defensively. As you step off the line, simultaneously defend and attack by deflecting the incoming attacker’s arm while punching the attacker’s jaw, throat, nose, or eye socket.
As you deflect, be sure to bend your elbow approximately 70 degrees and rotate your arm outward 180 degrees to attack the attacker’s arm. Essentially, you are performing a mini chop to the attacker’s arm as you simultaneously strike the attacker in the face. Importantly, the deflection in itself is “attacking the attacker” by rotating your left deflecting arm using a chopping motion to impact the attacker’s incoming right arm.
A gunt variation may also be used while simultaneously counterattacking using anatomical targeting. From the left outlet stance, tuck your chin by burying it into your left shoulder while folding your arm across with your elbow tip pointed out on approximately a 45-degree angle to intercept and block the hook punch at its earliest stage and to act as a shock absorber. This avoids an indirect blow to your head through your blocking arm’s absorption of the strike. Do not fold the arm directly against your head. Simultaneously attack the attacker’s head or neck with a linear counterstrike. This placement also sets up a convenient horizontal elbow counterattack by then coming across with an elbow strike using the gunt arm to the attacker’s neck or head. You can also use the elbow tip after the block to draw it parallel to your head and drive forward into the attacker’s face.
Immediately transition from your counterpunch to deliver a combative forearm shiver to the side of the attacker’s neck. This second counterattack is a dual purpose combative in delivering a debilitating strike to the attacker’s throat or carotid artery while also setting you with a strong control position to deliver a knee to the attacker’s groin. For maximum combative effect, be sure to pivot on the ball of your front base leg foot to fully extend your right hip and drive your mass through the attacker.
As you reduce the attacker’s level through your knee to the groin strike, slip your left arm underneath the attacker’s right arm to form a “V” clamp on the attacker’s head by overlapping your palms to strongly secure the attacker’s right arm against your shoulder.
Deliver a final knee to the attacker’s head to ensure the attacker is no longer a physical threat to you. Once again, pivot correctly on the ball of the foot of your left leg for maximum combative effect. Finish with additional retzev combatives as necessary.
Hook Punch Defense: Gunt Deflection & Simultaneous Counterattack (Orange Belt)
This highly effective defense protects the head form hook punches and high roundhouse kicks to the head.
From the left outlet stance, tuck your chin by burying it into your left shoulder while folding your arm across with your elbow tip pointed out on approximately a 45 degree angle to intercept and block the hook punch at its earliest stage and to act as a shock absorber. This avoids an indirect blow to your head through your blocking arm’s absorption of the strike. Do not fold the arm directly against your head.
Simultaneously attack the opponent’s head or neck with counterstrikes.
This placement also sets up convenient horizontal elbow counterattack by then coming across with an elbow strike to the opponent’s neck or head.
You can also use the elbow tip after the block to draw it parallel to your head and drive forward into the opponent’s face.
Finish with additional retzev counterattacks as necessary.
NOT ALL KRAV MAGA IS THE SAME. THIS IS THE REAL DEAL KRAV MAGA FROM THE WORLD'S LONGEST-STANDING AND ORIGINAL ISRAELI KRAV MAGA ASSOCIATION (GIDON SYSTEM). These self-defense strategies and tactics are battle-tested and street-proven.
This 22 hour Mastering the Best of Krav Maga Course was developed and is presented by David Kahn, the IKMA US's Chief Instructor and award-winning author of seven Krav Maga books. The instinctive tactics presented in this course are easily learned and retained. A few core strategies and tactics will defeat the majority of street threats and attacks and may be mastered by anyone regardless of size, strength, gender or physical abilities.
In addition to his training thousands of civilians, David has, on an official basis, trained and received commendations from more than 250 law enforcement agencies and all five branches of the U.S. military including the:
US Navy SEALs
Army Green Berets
Air Force Special Operations
Marine Corps Special Operations Command
Royal Marines
FBI
US Secret Service
US Marshal Fugitive Task Force
DEA
ATF
DOD Police
NYPD
NJSP
Philadelphia PD
Trained by Israeli Grandmaster Haim Gidon, David has produced the most expansive and complete Krav Maga library in the world. This video course is supported by written excerpts and training drills excerpted from David Kahn's books.
This Best of Krav Maga Course derived from the yellow through blackbelt levels of the Israeli Krav Maga Association includes:
Krav Maga mindset and core principles.
Essential movements, stances and positions.
The most effective upperbody combatives.
The most effective lowerbody combatives.
Takedowns combatives.
Throw combatives.
The most effective upper- and lowerbody combative combinations and retzev (continuous combat motion).
Defending the most common upperbody attacks.
Defending the most common lowerbody attacks.Choke defenses.
Grab and clinch defenses.
Bearhug defenses.
Takedown defenses.
Ground survival.
Multiple attacker strategies and defenses.
Impact weapon defenses.
Edged weapon defenses (including complex attacks such as grabs and combined combatives).
Firearm defenses (including complex threats such as grabs and professional distancing).
David received his advanced blackbelt teaching certifications from Israeli Grandmaster Haim Gidon in Israel. David has authored six best-selling and award winning krav maga books for both Macmillan Press and YMAA Publications: Krav Maga (2004), Advanced Krav Maga (2008); Krav Maga Weapon Defenses (2012); Krav Maga Professional Tactics (2016); Krav Maga Defense (2016) and Krav Maga Combatives (2019) and Krav Maga Fundamental Strategies (2021).
David developed a national krav maga school affiliate program with over a dozen affiliates. For the NFL, David created specialized event de-escalation and football tactics training. Mainstream media regularly feature David including Men’s Fitness, GQ, USA Today, Los Angeles Times, Washington Post, New Yorker, Penthouse, Fitness, Marine Corps News, Armed Forces Network, Special Operations Report, Militarycom, CBS News, Fox News, Discovery Channel, Combat Camera, Police Magazine, PBS and the BBC. David also produced the Mastering Krav Maga DVD series, Volumes I-IV that became Amazon’s Choice® along with the Mastering Krav Maga Online program.