
Explore how TCP/IP and OSI models standardize network communications and deliver protocols used in networking. Learn the encapsulation process from application data to segments, packets, and frames across both models.
Explain how layer 1 uses copper, wireless, and fiber network interface cards to send encoded signals over physical cables, and distinguish bandwidth from throughput.
Explore how Layer 2 uses unique MAC addresses, 40-bit identifiers split into 24-bit manufacturer and 24-bit NIC, shown in hexadecimal and mapped to decimal for Ethernet frames and switching.
Understand binary basics, including bits and 32-bit IP addresses composed of four octets, and practice decimal-to-binary conversions to see how IP addresses route on networks.
Explore layer four transport protocols, TCP and UDP, and how port numbers and sockets enable multiplexing, reliable delivery with TCP's three-way handshake, acknowledgments, and windowing.
Explore end-to-end layer review by tracing a web request from layer 1 wireless access through layer 4 transport to layer 7 application, using MAC, IP, ARP, and gateway info.
By the end of this course you will understand exactly how network traffic is transferred between hosts.
The information covered in this course is relevant for both CCNA and COMP TIA networking certificates.
Even if you are not going for a certification, you need to know this stuff to be in IT.