Substation Power Engineering Fundamentals

Dear All,

Welcome to our course “The Substation Fundamentals Course”. A power substation is an essential part of an electrical generation, transmission, and distribution system. The assembly of apparatus used to change some characteristics (e.g. voltage, frequency, p.f., A.C. to D.C., etc.) of an electrical supply is called a substation.

Trainer Introduction:

Your trainer brings over 21 years of experience in operation & maintenance, erection, testing, project management, consultancy, supervision, substation automation, SCADA, and commissioning. With a background spanning power plants, high voltage substations, and HVDC installations, he has worked with renowned organizations such as Siemens Saudi Arabia. He has been involved in over 20 high-voltage substation projects across Pakistan and Saudi Arabia.

His expertise encompasses a wide range of areas including protection systems, substation automation systems, design, testing, and commissioning of power generation systems, high voltage switchgear, protection relays, and control schemes. He has a proven track record of leading testing and commissioning teams for implementing electrical infrastructure projects for industrial clients, including steel and petrochemical industries.

Power substations have switching, protection and control equipment, and transformers. In a large substation, circuit breakers are used to interrupt any short circuits or overload currents that may occur on the network. Smaller distribution stations may use recloser circuit breakers or fuses for the protection of distribution circuits.

Substations themselves do not usually have generators, although a power plant may have a substation nearby. Other devices such as capacitors and voltage regulators may also be located at a substation.

This course consists of 9 Hours of recording and total of 95 different topics.

Following topics are covered in this training.

• What are substations

• Types of substations

• What are air insulated substation

• What are gas insulated substations

• What are hybrid substation

• Comparision of GIS and AIS substations

• GIS  & AIS foot print comparison

• What is difference between Substation and Grid Station

• Why substations are required?

• What is Ferranti Effect?

• How was earlier power distribution look like?

• Development of 1st AC Transmission Line and Substation

• Tesla Lab

• Components of substation

• Development of 1st AC Transmission Line and Substation

• Transformer basics

• Induced Voltage & per turn relationship.

• Transformer Turn Ratio and full load current calculations.

• Percentage Impedance of Transformer

• Transformer Vector Group

• Polarity of transformer

• Radiator in Transformer

• Types of Cooling, Why Two ratings are given at name plate of transformer

• Buchholz Relay, installation, operation, construction

• Sudden Oil Pressure Relay

• Oil and Winding Temperature Indicator

• Oil Level Indicator

• Pressure Relief Device

• Bushing of Transformer and Bushing Test Tap

• Rupture Disc

• Tap Changers Types and requirements

• On load and Off load tap changers

• Transformer General Arrangement Drawing

• Transformer Name Plate.

• Silica Gel and Breather

• Isolator

• Circuit Breaker

• Earth Switch

• Voltage Transformer

• Current Transformer

• Cable Sealing End

• SF6 to Air Bushing

• Busbar in substation

• Visual inspection of transformer

• Auxiliary Transformer

• NGR Neutral Ground Resistor

• Application of NGR using ETAP

• Fuses

• Shunt Reactor

• Shunt Reactor at Single Line Diagram

• Current Limiting Reactor

• Communication System Between Substations PLC and Fiber Optic

• Capacitor Bank In substation

• Surge Arrestor

• Lighting Rod and Mast

• Thermal Imaging Technique

• Busbar Scheme, Single bus Single Breaker Scheme

• Single Bus and Single Breaker Scheme with Bus Section CB

• Double Bus Single Breaker Scheme

• One and Half Breaker Scheme

• Ring or Mesh Busbar Scheme

• Double Bus Double Breaker Scheme

• Main and Transfer Bus System

• Double Bus System with bypass isolator

• Concept of Interlocking at Substation

• Philosophy of Protection System

• Control and Protection System in Substation

• ANSI Codes for presentation of devices

• Faults in Power System

• Characteristics of Protection System.

• Protection Zone Over lapping and Blind Zones in Power System

• Protection Relays and its type

• Induction Disk Type Electromechanical Relay

• Attracted Armature Type Relay

• Static, Digital and Numerical Relays

• Protection Relays types with respect to function

• Tripping Relays, Lockout Relays, Aux Relays and tripping coils

• 85 Batteries in Substation, Single line diagram, charging techniques

• MV Switchgear, compartments, MV compartment, CB compartment, Busbar Compartment, LV compartment

• Substation Earthing system

Best Regards