
Understand what data are, how measurement devices produce data, and two types—numerical and categorical—through examples like temperature, height, education level, and movie genre, and why data type matters for analysis.
Explore population data, sample data, and case reports, distinguishing when data come from all members, a random subset, or a single person, and how trust and generalization vary.
Explore core data visualization methods for categorical and numerical data, including bar plots, histograms, lines vs bars, and pie charts that sum to 100 percent.
Understand measures of central tendency—mean, median, and mode—and when each best reflects data clustering. Use mean for typical data, median for skewed distributions, and mode for categorical data.
Learn how dispersion measures quantify variability around the mean by comparing two distributions with the same center but different widths, using variance and its square root, the standard deviation.
Explore data normalization by transforming disparate measurements into comparable scales, from linear shifts that preserve relationships to nonlinear transformations that reshape distributions, scaling data to zero and one.
Explore probability through a marble jar with 40 blue, 30 yellow, and 20 orange marbles, computing outcomes and their percentages, and distinguish probability from proportion with a coin flip example.
Explore probability mass and density functions for discrete and continuous data. Use coins, dice, and cards as examples; learn probability mass function, probability density function, and the cumulative density function.
Explore how sampling variability affects population averages from samples. See how measurement noise and natural variation influence estimates, and how the law of large numbers and confidence intervals improve reliability.
Explore independent and dependent variables, model fitting with beta coefficients, and residuals that measure fit. Examine hypothesis testing, including null versus alternative hypotheses, and the tension between simplicity and accuracy.
Explore how p-values assess the null versus alternative hypothesis amid sampling variability, using a weight-change example and a null distribution.
Identify outliers, anomalies, and extreme data points and explain how they can skew models, sometimes by changing the slope (high leverage) or just the intercept.
Statistical significance hinges on p values and hypothesis testing, while theoretical and clinical significance relate to theory relevance and health impact, as shown by MMR vaccine and sand pile examples.
The t-test compares means between two groups to test for differences, using the ratio of mean differences to data dispersion, with variants for related or independent samples.
Learn how to use correlation analysis with scatterplots, interpret the correlation coefficient from -1 to +1, and assess significance with a p value while noting linear versus nonlinear relationships.
Explore how analysis of variance extends the t-test to multiple groups, covering one-way, two-way, and repeated measures designs, F tests, and p-values to assess factor effects.
Learn how regression extends correlation and anova to multiple variables, combining continuous and categorical predictors, and interpret regression tables and p-values through practical examples.
Welcome to this short course on statistics literacy! The purpose of this course is to teach you about basic statistics terminology and foundational concepts. You will learn the meaning of key terms in statistics, such as p-value, ANOVA, variance, t-test, etc.
If you are brand-new to statistics, then this is the right course for you. It’s a beginner-level course, so if you’ve already taken a statistics course, or read a statistics book, then you might find all of the material covered in this course to be familiar. In that case, you can browse through the course and see if there are some concepts you need to brush up on. You don’t necessarily need to go through the entire course in order — you can skip around to the videos you are most interested in learning from.
By the end of this course, you will feel more comfortable talking about and reading about commonly used statistical analysis methods. You’ll also be able to engage in conversations with people who focus on technical or statistical issues, business analytics, and so on.
Please note that this course does not cover the math of the analyses, nor software to perform statistical analyses. I show a few basic formulas, but the focus is much more on conceptual understanding than mathematical detail.