SQL Programming Basics

Use the select statement to retrieve information from a database, including literal text in quotes, specific fields, and all fields with the asterisk, while exploring data without modifying it.

Use the where clause to filter records by conditions such as state equals CA or FL, and selectively display fields like first name and last name, exploring clause order.

Combine multiple criteria using and, or, and parentheses to refine sql queries. Apply like patterns for partial matches and use limit and offset to control result sets.

Sort query results with order by using asc or desc and multi-field sorts by state and last_name. Use length, distinct, and count to explore data and check state equals California.

Learn how to join tables using inner, cross, left, right, and full outer joins, with on clauses, to relate data from people and states.

Master how to use the group by clause to aggregate results and count by fields such as state or quiz_points, ensuring the query makes sense by aligning fields with groups.

Explore SQL data types—binary, date/time types, numbers, and text—and perform arithmetic with integers and floating points, using max, min, sum, and group by to analyze quiz points by team.

Apply subqueries with inner and outer selects to refine data, using max quiz points and cross-table lookups like finding a state abbreviation from states before filtering people.

Explore transforming data in SQL using functions like lower, upper, substr, replace, and cast, and learn how to alias columns for clearer output.

Learn to add, modify, and remove data in a database table using insert, update, and delete, with practical examples on the people table and essential where clauses.

Master common sql pitfalls by understanding syntax errors, proper quoting, backticks, null handling with is null, and safe testing with select statements and plain text queries.