Sports injuries

Explain the anatomy of joints and ligaments with a focus on ankle sprains from inversion and eversion, grades 1–3, and criteria for stability, pain, swelling, and ability to play.

Explore thigh muscle strains and other muscle-tendon injuries, learn the three grades, signs, initial management with rice, and return-to-sport criteria.

Describe thigh contusions, especially quad contusions, with four grades, signs such as pain, swelling, bruising, and limited range of motion, and how grading guides return to play and management.

Examine bone fractures, focusing on wrist and forearm injuries, their causes, types (open/closed, partial/complete), signs, and stabilization to guide safe return to play.

Identify dislocations and subluxations as serious sports injuries where joints move out of place, especially shoulder or finger. Seek immediate hospital reduction and rehab to restore alignment and function.

Identify overuse injuries caused by microtrauma, including Achilles tendonitis, patellar tendonitis, shin splints, and plantar fasciitis. Apply grading and management strategies—activity modification, ice, stretching, strengthening, and footwear—to prevent progression.

Identify skin injuries—abrasions, punctures, lacerations, and burns—and assess wound severity, clean and dress wounds, consider stitches when edges won’t close, and monitor for bleeding during play.