Sizing valves and control valves for the process industry

Explore an ISA-guided valve sizing method, covering liquid and gas flows, choked and flashing conditions, and practice CV and pressure differential calculations with the included sizing spreadsheet.

Explore valve sizing fundamentals for the process industry across nine sections, supported by a valve sizing spreadsheet, practical examples, and quizzes to reinforce learning.

Explore the valve sizing spreadsheet with two worksheets for liquids and gases, enter data in yellow cells, and view results in grey cells using non vaporizing and choked flow equations.

Explore equations for predicting the flow of liquids and gases through valves and control valves. Exclude mixed phase fluids, slurries, dry solids, non-Newtonian fluids, cavitation, and noise.

Explore how capacity factors from valve testing predict flow through valves and guide sizing for non vaporizing and vaporizing liquids, including choked flow and compressible fluids.

Learn the valve sizing terminology, including cv and kv flow coefficients, the piping geometry factor fp, the liquid pressure recovery factor, vapor pressure, laminar and turbulent flow, and Renault's number.

Examines pressure, velocity, and energy profiles through a valve, showing velocity peaking at the v-neck contractor and pressure recovery described by the liquid pressure recovery factor and CV.

Explore cavitation, choking, and flashing in process valves, showing how downstream pressure and vapor pressure drive flow, vapor bubble formation, and potential damage.

Learn practical methods for sizing valves and control valves in the process industry, before proceeding to the next section.

Learn how differential pressure governs flow through the controlled valve for non vaporizing liquids, and recognize how cavitation or flashing alters valve sizing equations and risks.

Learn sizing equations for turbulent liquid flow through valves, involving Q, W, C V, piping geometry factor B, upstream B1 and downstream B2 pressures, and unit constants N1 and N6.

Calculate the piping geometry factor Fp as the ratio of valve Cv with attached fittings to Cv in a straight pipe. Use standard test procedures or permissible estimates.

Demonstrates sizing a liquid propane valve with ISG equation, piping geometry factors, and CV calculations to select globe valve for 800 gpm at 25 psi, with two- and three-inch examples.

Learn valve sizing equations for non turbulent and non vaporizing flow, including Renault's number and Renault's no factor, and how to size valves and control valves.

Apply a method for solving laminar and transitional flow problems in valve sizing, using Reynolds number, FR, and the flow coefficient CV to select a control valve.

Calculate the required Cv for a control valve by evaluating turbulent flow, Reynolds number, and the piping geometry factor F with style factor FR, then iterate for matching Cv.

Determine the cv for laminar flow by applying the icsa procedure, using Reynolds and Renault's numbers for a four-inch bowl valve to meet 300 gpm.

Predict the valve flow rate by calculating the initial volumetric flow rate under turbulent conditions, then determine the Reynolds number and apply the FR factor to obtain the final rate.

Predict the flow rate of a liquid through a bowl valve under transient flow using the ISG procedure, Renault's number, and the flow correction factor.

Calculate the Reynolds number, determine if flow is laminar, transitional, or turbulent using curves or equations, and compute the predicted valve pressure drop with the governing equation.

Predict the valve pressure drop for laminar flow using the IRS method, guided by a practical eight-inch valve example with 300 gpm, Renault's number, and correction factors f_l and f_d.

Study choke flow of vaporizing liquids and how maximum valve flow under fixed inlet conditions depends on vapor pressure, cavitation or flashing, and the liquid critical pressure ratio factor f_f.

Explain how valve flow rate depends on pressure drop, and how the liquid critical pressure ratio factor predicts vena contracta pressure under choked flow when vaporization alters pressure recovery.

Apply the liquid pressure recovery factor fl for valves without fittings to account for internal geometry on choked flow, using the equation or manufacturer data and representative fl values.

Learn to size a valve with attached fittings for vaporizing flow using the combined liquid pressure recovery factor FLP and the green equation.

Predict the maximum flow through a valve in choked conditions using the ICE procedure and the liquid critical pressure ratio factor, given inlet vapor pressure and valve data.

Learn to size valves and control valves for the process industry before proceeding to the next section.

Apply valve sizing for compressible fluids using the pressure-differential ratio X to compute volumetric and mass flow rates with expansion factor, compressibility factor, and pressure-drop ratio factor.

Understand the expansion factor, accounting for density changes and cross-section variations as pressure drops, influenced by port area ratio, valve geometry, and specific heats.

Choked flow occurs when the vena contracta reaches sonic velocity. The lecture covers XT, XTP, Fk, and the 2/3 expansion factor for gases and vapors.

Establish pressure drop ratio factor XD using tests without fittings. Note XD varies with valve percent opening; representative values are for illustration, and actual values must come from the manufacturer.

Explore the pressure drop ratio for a valve with fittings (X_DB) vs the valve alone (XD) and estimate x_DP using CV, FP, valve inlet diameter, and a unit-dependent constant.

Explore how the ratio of specific heats affects gas and vapors valve sizing, using the expansion factor F-k to account for density change from inlet to outlet.

Apply compressibility factor Z to account for real gas deviations in valve sizing, using reduced pressure and reduced temperature from absolute inlet values, as illustrated for propane.

Size a ball valve for natural gas using a compressible-fluid sizing method, compute the cv with the equations, check choking with the expansion factor, and determine the valve opening percentage.

Learn the essentials of sizing valves and control valves for the process industry and prepare for the next section.

Discover bonus content on sizing valves and control valves for the process industry, clarifying key concepts and practical considerations for reliable valve performance.