RHCSA - Red Hat Enterprise Linux Administration Training+LAB

Access a shell prompt, enter commands with correct syntax, and learn case sensitivity, path structure, and using the man page to verify commands like ls.

Explain absolute versus relative paths and use pwd to identify the current directory, showing how starting from a slash or from the current directory affects path resolution and common errors.

Learn to navigate the linux file system using cd, ls, and cat, view contents, check the present working directory, and move between directories with dot dot and relative paths.

Redirect command output to a file using redirection, distinguishing standard output and standard error; overwrite with >, append with >>, and verify results with cat.

Master input-output redirections in Linux by redirecting error data to files, filtering install and remove logs with pipelines and grep, and viewing results with head and tail.

Learn to access remote systems using ssh by configuring and starting the ssh service, then connect from Kali Linux or Windows via PuTTY to the target 192.168.0.104.

Learn how to log in and switch between users in a multiuser Linux environment using su and sudo, understand root or administrator privileges, and exit back to previous users.

Create and manage directories with mkdir, including nested paths using -p; create and edit text files with touch, cat, and nano, using redirection and basic editor commands.

Learn to create, move, rename, copy, and delete files and directories using rm, mv, cp, and rmdir, including using wildcards and handling empty directories.

Learn to list, set, and change standard ugo_rwx permissions using chmod, understand read, write, execute rights, and how user, group, and other permissions affect access.

Locate and read system documentation using man pages, info pages, and the /usr/share/doc files, and access online or offline help, including paid subscription options.

Explore the basics of bash scripting, learn the shebang line, create and execute your first shell script, and automate routine tasks using commands like cat, grep, and echo.

Master conditional execution in bash by using exit statuses, the test command, and if statements to decide which commands run, handle true vs false, and manage variables and subshell outputs.

Explore looping constructs in shell scripting, including while and for loops, to process files and command line input; master true/false conditions, counters, and stopping with control c.

Demonstrate using for loops and while loops to read data from files, parse CSV with cut, and automate user creation and deletion via shell scripting.

Learn to boot, reboot, and shut down a Linux system using commands like reboot, systemctl reboot, halt, and power off, with root or sudo privileges.

Learn to identify and switch between Linux boot targets using systemctl, exploring graphical, multi-user, rescue, and emergency targets, and modify grub to boot into specific targets.

interrupt the boot process with grub to reach a shell, reset user passwords, remount the root filesystem as read-write, and apply auto relabel or restore con after reboot.

Identify cpu or memory intensive processes using ps and top, locate resource hogs, and terminate them with kill or kill -9, while managing shell jobs and daemons with appropriate privileges.

Manage tuning profiles in Linux using the tuned daemon and tuned-adm to view, install, and set active profiles such as virtual guest or balanced for optimized performance on virtual machines.

Explore how to locate and interpret system log files and journals, understand log categories and events, and use journalctl and grep to analyze boot, cron, and network service activity.

store logs on a centralized syslog server to prevent tampering and loss. preserve local logs with tar backups, set directory permissions 2755, then restart systemd journal and verify paths.

Learn how to securely transfer files between systems using scp and sftp over ssh, with key-based authentication, comparing to non-secure protocols like ftp, http, and nfs.

Configure local storage by creating and deleting partitions on MBR and GPT disks, manage physical volume, volume group, and logical volumes, and use UUID and label for non-destructive swap.

Learn to attach and recognize additional hard disks in a Linux environment, identify devices such as /dev/sda, /dev/sdb, and /dev/sdc, and create partitions with fdisk or parted.

Learn to use fdisk to create and manage partitions on a GPT disk: select the disk, create partitions with n, set sizes, view with p, and commit changes with w.

Create and manage partitions on MBR disks using Linux tools, choosing primary or extended partitions, writing changes, and using UUIDs or labels with blkid to mount reliably after reboot.

Delete existing partitions on sdb using fdisk, create a single new partition, and format sdb1 with ext3 to complete the disk setup.

Learn the Linux logical volume manager architecture—physical volumes, volume groups, and logical volumes—and practice creating pv, vg, and lv, extending or resizing volumes as needed.

Create and manage logical volumes by creating physical volumes, forming volume groups, and then create and extend logical volumes with PVS, pvcreate, vgcreate, vgextend, lvcreate, and lvextend.

Delete the LV first, then the VG, and the PV, since PV depends on VG and VG on LV, using the LV remove command and LV reduce to adjust size.

Mount and manage partitions by device name, UUID, or label, format with mkfs, assign labels, test with blkid, and unmount manually or automatically on reboot.

Configure systems to mount file systems at boot using uuid by editing /etc/fstab. Obtain the uuid with blkid and set mounting points such as /home/tutorial and /vm data using defaults.

Shows using the mount command, unmounting partitions sdc2 and sdc1, and removing the entry from the configuration file, then saving changes.

Create and manage swap partitions and logical volumes to extend virtual memory; verify swap, enable or disable it, and persist the configuration in fstab using uuid or device names.

Create, format, mount, and unmount vfat, ext4, xfs, and zfs file systems on Linux lvm partitions, then configure persistent mounts with fstab using uuid or labels.

Learn to configure an NFS server, export folders via /etc/exports, and mount the shared data on a client with show mount and a permanent /etc/fstab entry.

Configure autofs to mount the NFS data share automatically by installing the autofs utility and creating the auto master and the auto NFS data file.

Learn to schedule tasks in Linux using at and cron, configure crontab entries, understand the cron service and daemon, and run one-time or recurring backups and shutdown tasks.

Use systemctl to start, stop, and check status of services such as sshd and vsftpd, and enable them to start automatically at boot.

Understand how grub2 boot loader handles bios or uefi boot, loads the kernel and initramfs from /boot, and configures automatic boot targets with grub2 mkconfig.

Configure time service clients and explain how system time, hardware clock, and CMOS battery interact; enable NTP synchronization to keep all devices, including Android devices, on the same precise time.

Configure time service clients using NTP and chrony, manage pool servers, set and verify time with time date ctl and date, set time zones, and ensure firewall and service startup.

Learn to install a Debian package with dpkg and configure the repository in a Debian-based OS, using apt to resolve dependencies from repositories.

Master installing packages and handling dependencies in Linux, comparing Debian-based and rpm-based systems, with examples like leafpad, wireshark, and aircrack-ng.

learn to install packages on red hat linux using rpm, with root access and dnf or yum workflow. discover repository checks (AppStream, Base), dependency resolution, and verification with rpm -q.

Run sudo apt update to refresh repository data, then upgrade to install newer packages. Use dist upgrade for core OS changes, and install packages via apt or dpkg with dependencies.

learn how to download and install rpm packages on rpm-based systems using curl, then uninstall with rpm -e or reinstall, and manage packages with dnf and apt autoremove.

Configure IPv4 and IPv6 on a Linux server, set the host name and boot-time networking, and manage firewall rules with firewall-cmd to restrict network access.

Configure IPv4 addresses on Linux using ip link and ifconfig, manage connections with ip and network manager, and choose between automatic DHCP or manual settings including gateway and DNS.

Learn how to view, set, and verify host names in Red Hat Enterprise Linux. Understand fully qualified domain names and configure /etc/hosts mappings for reliable hostname resolution.

Configure the network manager to start at boot using systemctl, check status, and enable the service to restore network connectivity after reboot.

Identify the three Linux user types—normal user, root user, and sudo user—and learn how privileges differ, including how sudo grants temporary root access for administrative tasks.

Create local linux users with useradd, set passwords, and verify entries in /etc/passwd and home directories. Switch users from root, view current users, and understand uid, gid, and groups.

Modify local user accounts with usermod to set home directory, shell, uid, gid, and add users to groups using -a and -G; verify with id and groups, lock or unlock.

Learn to adjust password aging for local user accounts with chage, configuring minimum and maximum days, warning thresholds, and expiry dates to enforce security policies that require periodic password changes.

Create, modify, and display Linux groups using group add, group del, and group mode; assign or change group IDs with -g and rename with -n, then verify with groups command.

Discover how to delete groups and users on Red Hat Enterprise Linux, using group del and user del commands, and remove home directories when needed.

Configure superuser access on RHEL 9 by granting sudo rights to a user via the wheel group or editing /etc/sudoers with visudo, and verify with whoami and sudo commands.

Create a new user and grant all privileges by editing /etc/sudoers with an entry for the user. Verify sudo access and switch to root as needed.

Configure the firewall with firewall-cmd and firewalld, manage ACL-based filtering across zones, and apply permanent or temporary rules for services like http and ssh.

Enable key-based authentication for ssh by generating an ssh key pair and configuring public key authentication in sshd_config. Copy the public key to remote servers to enable passwordless login.

Learn to secure ssh by configuring authorized_keys and public key authentication, disable password login, and restrict access to a single user with an optional non-default port.

Explore how SELinux enforces access controls on Linux systems, distinguishing enforcing and permissive modes, and how context and permissions protect critical directories like /tmp and web roots.

Discover how to view SELinux context with ls -Z and related options, identifying user, role, and type, and manage file contexts with semanage fcontext and policy relabeling.

Explore how to check and restore default sc linux file contexts using ls -Z and restorecon, relabeling files and directories like /web and new files to maintain proper permissions.

Learn how to manage SELinux port labels for services on non-default ports, diagnose binding errors, and use semanage to allow ports like 82 for httpd.

Set SC boolean values to modify SELinux policies for services like ftp and ssh, understand file and port contexts, and apply persistent changes with the -P option.

Diagnose and address SELinux policy violations affecting httpd access, using journalctl, sealert, and semanage to identify denials and open ports such as 82 and 80.