Biology 101: Introduction to Reproduction and Genetics

Explore heredity and genetic inheritance, from Mendel to Punnett diagrams, showing how DNA, genes, and chromosomes pass traits across generations; distinguish genotype versus phenotype and dominance concepts.

Meiosis produces haploid gametes through two divisions, with crossing over in meiosis I and sister chromatid separation in meiosis II, yielding four genetically diverse haploid cells from a diploid parent.

Examine fertilization, zygote formation, embryo to fetus development, placental exchange, amniotic sac and fluid, and the birth process, including prenatal and postnatal care.

Fertilization fuses a sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote, combining 23 chromosomes from each parent. Implantation in the uterus occurs about nine days after ovulation, signaling pregnancy.

Discover birth control methods from natural cycle awareness to barrier methods like condoms, diaphragms, and cervical caps, along with hormonal pills, patches, IUDs, and vasectomy or tubal ligation.

Explore how seeds disperse via mechanical, wind, animal, and water agents, and learn the germination process, including moisture, oxygen, and temperature requirements.

Learn how the endocrine system uses hormones from glands such as the pancreas, pituitary, thyroid, ovaries, and testes to regulate body functions, with negative feedback and contrasts with exocrine glands.