Red Hat Training and Certification - RHEL 8/9 (RH124)

Learn to install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9 step by step, including creating a Red Hat account, downloading RH 9.2, and installing on Oracle VirtualBox.

Create a Red Hat login ID by selecting personal or corporate, providing a unique login and email, setting a password, confirming your email, and accessing account management and certifications.

learn to download red hat enterprise linux 9.2 iso image from the red hat portal, and prepare a windows virtualbox environment for testing.

Install Oracle VirtualBox and create a RHEL 9 template virtual machine by configuring name, location, Linux 64-bit, 2 CPUs, 2 GB RAM, and a 40 GB disk, then finish.

Install Red Hat Enterprise Linux 9.2 from an ISO, configure VM settings, select language and keyboard, choose the installation destination, set the root password, and start the installation.

Install the dependencies for VirtualBox guest additions to enable drag-and-drop between Windows host and the VM, ensure proper display, and enable seamless host–guest file transfer.

Mount the rl 9.2 iso, locate base os and upstream packages, install dependencies one by one with yum, and set up a local dns server to resolve dependencies.

Install VirtualBox guest additions on Red Hat Enterprise Linux to enhance functionality by mounting ISO, copying its contents, making the run file executable, and running installer while handling permission errors.

Troubleshoot Linux VirtualBox guest additions by resolving SELinux file-context errors with semanage fcontext and restorecon, then verify bidirectional drag-and-drop in the VM.

Explore the bash shell as the primary command line interface for Linux, learn to log in locally or remotely, run commands and shell scripts, and recognize prompts and privileges.

Learn to log in to a local Red Hat system using physical and virtual consoles, switch between tty sessions with ctrl-alt and function keys, and access graphical environments on tty1.

Learn how to log in to a remote Linux system using ssh, including identifying the IP with ifconfig, connecting via a remote shell, and exiting securely.

Explore the GNOME desktop environment and GNOME shell, including workspaces, the top bar, and dash. Learn to start a terminal, lock the screen, and power off or reboot.

Learn how workspaces provide separate screens to organize windows by task. Practice switching between workspaces with ctrl+alt left and right arrows and launching applications in workspace to manage your environment.

Learn to start a terminal, lock the screen, log out, and power off or reboot a system within the GNOME desktop, manage workspaces, and drag apps between them.

Execute commands with the bash shell by mastering basic syntax and simple commands. Use pwd, whoami, cd, and date formatting, and manage passwords with passwd for root and other users.

Learn to view file contents with the cat command, create and concatenate files, redirect output, and use less for paging (as in /etc/passwd) to prepare for tail and head.

Explore head, tail, and wc commands to view the beginning and end of files, count lines, words, and characters, and tailor output with -n options for precise results.

Explore tab completion in the Linux shell, finishing commands or file names with tab, listing matches and options, using examples like passwd, head, tail, and user add.

Learn how to split a long command across lines with a backslash, using head -n with /usr/share/dict/words and /etc/passwd, then recall history with !.

Explore the linux file system hierarchy from root to key directories like /boot, /dev, /etc, and /home, and learn to manage files with command line tools, and recognize symbolic links.

Explore absolute and relative paths starting from the root directory to locate files. Learn to determine and change the working directory using relative paths.

Practice navigating the Linux file system by distinguishing absolute paths from relative paths using pwd, ls, and cd, then create and view files with touch and cat.

Create, copy, move, and remove files and directories using mkdir and cd, then use mkdir -p for nested structures and verify with pwd and ls.

Learn how to copy files and directories with the cp command, create empty files using touch, and use both relative and absolute paths for copying tasks.

Practice using the cp command to copy multiple files with relative and absolute paths, and copy directories with the -r option. Inspect results with ls.

Use the mv command to move files and directories and to rename items. Practice with absolute and relative paths and verify moves by listing directories to reinforce Linux file management.

Learn to remove files and directories with the rm command, using -r for recursive deletes and -f for force, understand confirmation prompts, and create directories with mkdir.

Learn to manage hard and symbolic links in Linux, their differences, cross-file-system and directory linking, inode implications, and permission behavior.

Learn to create hard links with the ln command, verify identical inodes, and understand that hard links reside on the same file system, with a forthcoming look at soft links.

Create a soft link (symbolic link) with ln -s to an original file, observe inode differences, test deletion, and stress using absolute paths for cross-file-system links.

Explore matching files with shell expansions, including pattern matching, tilt expansion, brace expansion, variable expansion, and command substitution, demonstrated by creating files, listing results, and length-based queries.

Explore tilde expansion to reveal the home directory and demonstrate using curly brackets with echo to generate sequences like Sunday to Wednesday and 1..10 with .log and .txt extensions.

Learn how to use variable expansion in shell scripts and the command line, creating named containers with syntax like var=value, accessing values with echo $var and with braces ${var}.

Explore command substitution, where a command's output replaces the command line, demonstrated by defining username, surname, and age and echoing 'My name is Shekhar Verma' and '35 years old'.

Explore Linux input, output, and error streams, learn how to redirect stdout and stderr to files or programs, and construct pipelines using file descriptors.

Explore output redirection operators, including redirecting stdout and stderr to files, appending vs overwriting, discarding errors with /dev/null, and combining stdout and stderr.

Learn to redirect stdin, stdout, and stderr in the Linux command line using operators such as >, >>, and 2>, and combine stdout and stderr with 2>&1.

Learn how to construct pipelines by chaining commands with the pipe symbol, redirecting stdout to the next command's stdin, and using tools like ls, wc, and head to process output.

Explore the tee command and pipelines to redirect output to a file while displaying it on screen, with append options and practical examples using date and simple commands.

Learn to edit files with vim, an editor bundled with Linux and Unix. Explore split screen editing, color formatting, highlighting, and vim modes: command, insert, extended command mode, and visual.

Practice vim editor basics by creating and editing files, switching between command and insert modes, navigating, undoing changes, and saving or discarding edits with common vim commands.

Explore how to work with shell variables to assign values, retrieve values with variable expansion, and configure bash and environment variables in this practical lab.

Explore environment variables, how shell variables become environment variables via export, and verify their availability to scripts and child shells in a practical lab.

Define variables, print their values with echo and $var to show variable expansion, compute c as a+b to yield 50, and use a variable to reference a file path.

Configure bash with shell variables to tailor history behavior, including hist file, hist file size, hist time format, and customize the PS1 prompt with permanent profile changes.

Learn to access and navigate Linux manual pages using the man command, search by keyword, and view command documentation for passwd, mkdir, and cd on Red Hat Enterprise Linux.

Learn to search Linux manual pages by keyword using man -k, explore section numbers (1 and 5) and other sections, and review examples with passwd, mkdir, and pwd.

Learn to manage local users and groups in Linux, including primary and secondary groups, system users, superuser and regular users, and how to configure sudo to control privileges.

Learn how groups enable shared access to files and resources by assigning users to primary or secondary groups, with permissions granted to the group and its group id (gid).

Learn how groups control file access by assigning users to a primary group, with staff as an example, and how useradd and groupadd manage /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow.

Learn to manage local user accounts on Linux by creating users with useradd, switching to root, and reviewing /etc/passwd and /etc/shadow entries, uid/gid, home, and no-login service accounts.

Participate in a practice lab to create and manage groups and users with groupadd and useradd, assign primary groups, and explore file ownership and permissions.

Explore the shadow file in Linux. Learn its colon-delimited fields for last password change, minimum and maximum password age, password warning period, and password expiration.

The root user is the Linux superuser with unlimited power to manage system files. Log in as a normal user and escalate to root with su command and its password.

Learn to switch users with su from the root account to normal users and back, noting password prompts and the wheel group and uid zero defining root.

Learn to run commands with sudo from a normal user to perform administrative tasks, authenticating with your own password and leveraging sudoers configuration to gain root-level access.

Configure sudo by editing the sudoers file as root, add entries for user1 or a group, grant all privileges, and control password prompts.