RDBMS - SQL Course - Step by Step Guide to learn SQL

Learn to install and configure MySQL on Ubuntu by updating repositories, upgrading packages, installing the MySQL server, setting a root password, and verifying with show databases.

Learn how a relational database management system stores, manages, queries, and retrieves data in a relational model, performs crud operations, and handles backups and access control.

Explore rdbms concepts by creating a database and a table in MySQL on Ubuntu, then insert and query data using commands like create database, use, show tables, insert, and select.

Discover core SQL data types, including string types, such as fixed-length chars and variable-length strings, binary data, numeric types like int, float, and decimal, and date and time types.

Learn how sequences, user-created database objects, generate unique integers for primary keys, with ascending or descending values and defined ranges. See auto_increment as MySQL's simple sequence alternative.

Learn how views act as virtual tables that derive a subset of columns from one or more tables, provide data access without storing data, and how to create a view.

Explore ER diagram components with concrete university examples. Learn how entities, attributes, and relationships form diagrams, and how cardinality: one-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many shapes data models.

Identify super keys as the set of one or more attributes that uniquely identify each record, possibly with extra attributes, before moving to candidate and primary keys.

Identify candidate keys as minimal, non-null sub-sets of super keys that uniquely identify a tuple; select a primary key from them, illustrated by ID, phone, or ID plus phone.

Explore unique, alternate, composite, and surrogate keys in RDBMS, including when to use nulls, non-clustered indexes, and artificial keys to uniquely identify records.

Explore domain integrity constraints within data integrity, focusing on check constraints that restrict value ranges in a column, such as salary greater than zero, enforced during inserts.

Understand how the unique constraint enforces domain integrity by preventing duplicate values across one or more columns, and compare it to the primary key with an employee table example.

Explore referential integrity constraints that enforce valid foreign key references to primary keys, preserve relationships between department and student tables, and keep data synchronized during updates.

Explore normalization as a systematic approach to decompose tables, eliminate data redundancy, and prevent anomalies within the database design's conceptual, logical, and physical phases, covering first through Boyce-Codd normal form.

An exploration of functional, transitive, and partial dependencies, using an employee table to show determinants and dependents and the role of candidate keys in normalization from 1NF to BCNF.

Explain second normal form, requiring first normal form and every non-prime attribute to be fully dependent on the primary key, and decompose into student and project tables.

Understand transactions as a single logical unit of work that reads or writes the database, illustrated by bank transfers, debits, and credits, and learn how properties ensure consistency during failures.

Durability ensures that once a transaction completes, updates are written to the disk permanently, surviving system failures and guaranteeing lasting modifications within the database.

Use rename as a DDL operation with alter table to rename database objects, including tables and columns, demonstrated by renaming student details to students and a column to first name.

Learn to manage access in MySQL using data control language through hands-on examples of grant, revoke, and select privileges.

Explore SQL operators as reserved words or characters used in statements like where clauses to perform arithmetic, comparison, logical, and bitwise operations, with a high level overview and future drill-down.

Explore arithmetic operators in sql through a hands-on exercise on an employee table, covering addition, subtraction, multiplication, modulus, operator precedence, and using parentheses or the mod function.

Master sql operators for comparison: =, >, <, >=, <=, !=, and use them on an employee table to compare ages and salaries.

Explore the in and not in operators in sql, using employee_id examples to filter multiple values, exclude entries, and even combine with not and between.

Explore exists and not exists operators to test whether a record exists in a subquery, using the employee and department tables to illustrate true or false results.

Explore aggregate functions in SQL, including count, sum, average, max, and min, and learn how to use group by, order by, and null handling on an employee table.

Learn how to use the order by clause to sort records by a column in ascending or descending order. Explore sorting by multiple columns, null values, and where conditions.

Use the order by clause to sort by multiple columns, applying ascending to one and descending to another, with the first column taking priority and no same-column dual orders.

Explore sorting by commission in ascending order while handling null values in MySQL, using order by commission, order by commission is null, and the coalesce function on the employee table.

Explore how order by descending handles null values, with nulls pushed to the end, and how to bring nulls to the front using commission and coalesce, demonstrated on employee table.

Perform hands-on practice with the having clause to filter grouped results, using sum and count with department-based groups, and compare where versus having along with order by.

Explore hands-on techniques to locate and count null values in SQL tables, using is null and is not null conditions, and compute null counts with count and case expressions.

Learn row-level subqueries in sql with hands-on practice using a university database, covering single-row and multi-row results, and applying subqueries in where and select clauses across multiple tables.

Learn about cross joins, or cartesian products, where every row from one table matches every row from another. Use select * from table1 cross join table2 to see the result.

Explore cross joins with hands-on examples in a MySQL database, linking meals and drinks to produce a Cartesian product of nine records, with optional column selection, ordering, and limiting.

Learn how to simulate the minus operation in MySQL using left join and null checks to return records unique to student one or student two, using roll numbers as keys.

Explore string functions in relational databases, including case manipulation, trimming, substring, locate, replace, reverse, and concat. Learn essential character operations for SQL data handling.

Explore string case manipulation in SQL with lower, upper, and init cap functions and practice on a student table, noting MySQL versus Oracle support.

Learn how to add and remove spaces in strings using length, trim, rtrim, and padding functions like lpad, with examples from a student table.

Explore the substring function in SQL, learning how to extract parts of a string using start position and length, with examples of substring, substr, and mid.

Learn how the substring function in SQL extracts characters from a table column, using position, length, and even negative positions, and how to update a column with the result.

Learn to use MySQL substring functions with hands-on examples on the university database, extracting parts of names and cities, handling positive and negative positions, and updating data with substring.