Python Programming(Simplified) For Beginners

In Python, arithmetic operations are basic mathematical operations you can perform using operators. Here's a summary of the main arithmetic operations:

Basic Arithmetic Operators

Operation Symbol Example Result

Addition + 3 + 2 5

Subtraction - 5 - 3 2

Multiplication * 4 * 2 8

Division / 10 / 2 5.0

Floor Division // 7 // 2 3

Modulus (Remainder) % 7 % 2 1

Exponentiation ** 2 ** 3 8

A prime number is a natural number greater than 1 that has exactly two distinct positive divisors:

1

Itself

In Simple Terms:

A prime number can only be divided evenly by 1 and itself — no other number.

Examples of Prime Numbers:

2 (Only divisible by 1 and 2)

3 (Only divisible by 1 and 3)

5 (Only divisible by 1 and 5)

7

11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 29, ...

Note: 2 is the only even prime number. All other even numbers are divisible by 2, so they’re not prime.

In programming, data type is an important concept.

Variables can store data of different types, and different types can do different things.

Python has the following data types built-in by default, in these categories:

Text Type: str

Numeric Types: int, float, complex

Sequence Types: list, tuple, range

Mapping Type: dict

Set Types: set, frozenset

Boolean Type: bool

Binary Types: bytes, bytearray, memoryview

None Type: NoneType

In Python, a list is a built-in data type used to store multiple items in a single variable. Lists are ordered, mutable (can be changed), and can contain items of different types (integers, strings, even other lists).

| Operation                        | Description                      |

| --------------- |  -------------------------------- |

| Add item             | Adds to the end                  |

| Insert item                | Inserts at index                 |

| Remove item    `  | Removes first match              |

| Delete by index                 | Deletes specific index           |

| Pop item                             | Removes last item and returns it |

| Length                                      | Number of items                  |

| Check item                  | Returns `True` if item exists    |

In Python, a string is a sequence of characters enclosed in quotes — either single (') or double (").

Dictionaries are used to store data values in key:value pairs.

A dictionary is a collection which is ordered, changeable and do not allow duplicates.

As of Python version 3.7, dictionaries are ordered. In Python 3.6 and earlier, dictionaries are unordered.

Dictionaries are written with curly brackets, and have keys and values:

Tuples are used to store multiple items in a single variable. Tuple is one of 4 built-in data types in Python used to store collections of data, the other 3 are List, Set, and Dictionary, all with different qualities and usage. A tuple is a collection which is ordered and unchangeable. Tuples are written with round brackets.

In Python, an if statement is used for conditional execution. It allows you to execute a block of code only if a specific condition is True.

With the while loop we can execute a set of statements as long as a condition is true.

A for loop is used for iterating over a sequence (that is either a list, a tuple, a dictionary, a set, or a string).

This is less like the for keyword in other programming languages, and works more like an iterator method as found in other object-orientated programming languages.

With the for loop we can execute a set of statements, once for each item in a list, tuple, set etc.

In Python, a function is a reusable block of code that performs a specific task. You define a function using the def keyword.

Syntax:

def function_name(parameters):

    code block

    return result 

Example 1: Simple function without parameters

def say_hello():

    print("Hello!")

say_hello() 

1. Functions help you avoid repeating code.

2. You can define a function once and call it many times.

3. Python also supports lambda functions (anonymous functions) for small tasks.

The Fibonacci series is a sequence where each number is the sum of the two preceding ones, starting from 0 and 1.

Fibonacci Series Example:

0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, ...