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Developers Best Coding Practices on C,C++, C#, Java & Python
Rating: 4.3 out of 5(32 ratings)
3,764 students

Developers Best Coding Practices on C,C++, C#, Java & Python

Supercharge your software programming skill with best coding practices in C, C++, C#, Java and Python programming
Last updated 3/2026
English

What you'll learn

  • You will build lots of projects that will help to strengthen your skill in C, C++, C#, Java and Python language programming in this course
  • You will implement programs to master operators such as Arithmetic, Relational, Logical, Bitwise operators and so on
  • You will implement programs to master decision statements such as if statement, if else statement, else if statement etc
  • You will implement programs to master loop systems such as for loop, while loop and do while loop
  • Go through the course curriculum to see the rich projects you will execute in this course

Course content

5 sections540 lectures59h 35m total length
  • Python Practice 1. How to detect Positive and Negative Numbers4:13

    Create a Python program that reads a number as float, then prints whether it is positive, negative, or zero using a simple if/else structure.

  • Python Practice 2. How to check for Even and odd Numbers4:23

    Create a simple Python project that checks whether a user-entered number is even or odd using x % 2 == 0 in an if statement, then print the result.

  • Python Practice 3. How to check for Greatest of 3 Numbers4:21

    Learn to check the maximum of three numbers in Python by taking user input for x, y, z and using if statements to compare and print the maximum.

  • Ask Questions, Get Support & Achieve Your Dream!0:49
  • Python Practice Practice 4. How to check for divisibility of a Number3:30

    Learn how to check divisibility in python by prompting for numerator and denominator, using the modulus operator to test x % y == 0, and printing the result.

  • Python Practice 5. How to convert from Celsius to Fahrenheit3:10

    Learn how to convert Celsius to Fahrenheit in Python by taking user input, applying the 9/5 and 32 formula with rounding, and printing the result.

  • Python Practice 6. How to convert from Fahrenheit to Celsius2:55

    Learn how to convert Fahrenheit to Celsius in Python by prompting for input, applying the (F-32)*5/9 formula, rounding results, and printing the Celsius value.

  • Python Practice 7. How to create a simple Thermometer6:47

    Builds a Python thermometer app that converts between Celsius and Fahrenheit using user input and unit detection, with rounding and print statements for clear results.

  • Python Practice 8. How to calculate Mass, Density and Volume6:48

    Learn to calculate mass, density, and volume in Python by prompting user input, converting to floats, and using conditional logic to compute and print the results.

  • Python Practice 9 How to determine the quadrant of a point7:04

    Determine the quadrant of a point in Python by inputting x and y as floats and using sign checks to identify the first to fourth quadrants, origin, or axes.

  • Python Practice 10. How to determine if a Triangle exist5:02

    Master checking triangle existence by inputting sides in Python, using the triangle inequality and if statements to reveal whether a triangle exists.

  • Python Practice 11. How to check for Leap year2:28

    learn to check leap year in Python by prompting for a year and using year modulus four to determine and print the result.

  • Python Practice 12. How to check if a point belongs to Circle5:26

    This lecture shows how to check if a point lies inside a circle at origin in Python by computing hypotenuse with math.sqrt and the power function, comparing to the radius.

  • Python Practice 13. How to create quadratic Equation7:43

    Learn to build a Python program that solves quadratic equations by importing math, reading coefficients from user input, computing the discriminant, and printing the roots to two decimal places.

  • Python Practice 14. How to make guess of Random number8:07

    Create a Python number guessing game that imports random, generates a number from 1 to 100, and guides the user with 'less' or 'greater' feedback until right guess, tracking trial.

  • Python Practice 15. How to print out the ASCII Table2:15

    Learn to print the ascii character table in Python using a for loop over a range, printing characters and inserting a line break every ten entries.

  • Python Practice 16. How to create a Multiplication Table using while loop3:14

    Create a Python 10x10 multiplication table using a while loop, with nested x and y values and formatted output to display the products.

  • Python Practice 17. How to create Multiplication Table using for loop2:00

    Develop a Python multiplication table by implementing a nested for loop over range 1 to 10 and printing products, building on the previous while-loop example.

  • Python Practice 18. How to convert from base 2 to 94:16

    Learn to convert a decimal number to bases 2 through 9 in Python using user input, base validation, and a loop with modulus and division to build the result.

  • Python Practice 19. How to build a simple Calculator9:50

    Learn to build a simple Python calculator, a non-gui program that performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division with user input and a zero-to-exit option plus division-by-zero checks.

  • Python Practice 20. Number of digits in an Integer3:11

    Create a Python program that determines the number of digits in an integer by taking absolute value, counting digits with a loop that divides by ten, and printing the result.

  • Python Practice 21. How to get Sum and Product of digits4:16

    Develop a python program that takes an integer, uses its absolute value, and computes the sum and product of its digits with a while loop and modulus ten.

  • Python Practice 22. How to make a Binary search of number in an array10:52

    Learn to implement a binary search on an ordered array in Python to find an element’s index. Uses a while loop with low, high, and mid on a sorted list.

  • Python Practice 23. How to sum of N series of an element4:40

    Calculate the sum of the first n elements of a geometric series starting at 1 with ratio -1/2 in Python, using a while loop and user input.

  • Python Practice 24. How to get value of Even and Odd digits4:23

    Learn how to count even and odd digits in a number using Python, with input, a while loop, and simple counters for evens and odds.

  • Python Practice 25. How to get a Factorial using a while loop2:31

    Learn to compute factorials in Python using a while loop by taking user input. The code enforces nonnegative values, iterates with x until 1, and prints the result.

  • Python Practice 26. How to get Factorial using for loop3:06

    Calculate factorials in Python using a for loop, handling absolute values and user input to compute and print the result.

  • Python Practice 27. How to create a Fibonacci Sequence3:15

    Learn to generate a Fibonacci sequence in Python using a for loop, initializing f1 and f2 and updating them while printing each term.

  • Python Practice 28. How to get the value of Fibonacci Element4:10

    Learn how to compute the value of a Fibonacci element in Python using a while loop, finding positions like the 10th element (55) and the first and sixth elements.

  • Python Practice 29. How to get find the Greatest Common Divisor3:43

    Learn to compute the greatest common divisor of two numbers in Python by building a simple project using a while loop, modulus, and user input prompts.

  • Python Practice 30. How to maximum value of a floating point number6:04

    Explore how to find the maximum digit in a floating point number using Python, including handling the decimal point, random numbers, and optional user input.

  • Python Practice 31. How to get Prime and Complex Numbers6:27

    Develop a Python program that detects prime numbers and complex numbers using the math module and a square-root loop with user input, printing clear prime or complex results.

  • Python Practice 32. Quadratic Equations at specified Range of Coefficient9:41

    Develop a Python project to find quadratic equations with solutions in a specified coefficient range by inputting x1, x2, y1, y2, z1, z2 and importing math for square roots.

  • Python Practice 33. How to Reverse Numbers4:08

    Learn to reverse a Python integer by repeatedly taking the last digit with x modulo ten, reducing x by ten with integer division, and building the reversed number y.

  • Python Practice 34. How to expand Strings of Alphabet3:15

    Develop Python skills by expanding alphabet strings from a start letter to an end letter using a while loop, with examples like a to z and f to m.

  • Python Practice 35. How to Replace a Substring of a String5:26

    Explore replacing a substring in a Python string using find and a while loop, by selecting an old substring and inserting a new one, then printing the result.

  • Python Practice 36. How to select Integers from String7:14

    Learn to select integers from a string in Python by parsing characters with a while loop, collecting digit sequences, converting them to integers, and printing the results.

  • Python Practice 37. How to sort words according to their length7:07

    Learn to sort words in a string by length in ascending order using python, by splitting input, computing lengths, and applying a bubble sort.

  • Python Practice 38. How to find the longest word in a String4:12

    Learn to build a Python program that finds the longest word in a string by splitting input and comparing word lengths. Track the longest word with a simple conditional.

  • Python Practice 39. How to get Percentage of Uppercase and Lowercase4:48

    Build a Python program that computes the percentage of uppercase and lowercase letters in a user-provided string, counting characters with a for loop and printing two-decimal percentages.

  • Python Practice 40. How to check for String Palindrome3:19

    Learn how to check if a string is a palindrome in Python by comparing mirrored characters using a for loop and the string length, with practical examples.

  • Python Practice 41. How to generate Random numbers using Arrays3:34

    Learn to generate random numbers in Python using arrays by importing from random, using randint, and appending results in a for loop. Print the array elements to see the outputs.

  • Python Practice 42. How to get the Maximum Element in an Array4:22

    Learn to find the maximum element in a Python array by generating random values, iterating with a for loop, and updating a max variable, then displaying the rounded result.

  • Python Practice 43. How to get the Minimum Element in an Array3:31

    Learn how to find the minimum element in a Python array using a for loop and a min variable, with a random-generated list and a final printed minimum.

  • Python Practice 44. How to get the Number of Even and Odd numbers4:12

    Learn how to generate a list of random numbers in Python, count even and odd values with a for loop and modulus check, and print the results.

  • Python Practice 45. How to get Positive numbers out of Negative Numbers5:22

    Generate a mixed array of random numbers in Python and identify positive numbers using a for loop and conditional checks. Separate positives and negatives into lists and print results.

  • Python Practice 46. How to get numbers greater than the average of an Array5:29

    Learn to create a Python program that builds an array of random numbers, computes the arithmetic mean, and prints items greater than the average.

  • Python Practice 47. How to Replace listitems with -1, 0, 15:00

    Replace list items with -1, 0, or 1 in Python using a for loop, turning positives into 1, negatives into -1, and zeros into 0.

  • Python Practice 48. How to check for File Extension5:04

    Learn to check file extensions in Python by splitting the filename, lowering the extension, and validating it against a list. Handle files with no extension and report existence or absence.

  • Python Practice 49. How to remove symbols from Text7:32

    Learn how to remove punctuation and symbols from text in Python, using lists of symbols like dots, commas, apostrophes, and quotation marks, with for and while loops.

  • Python Practice 50. How to get Intersection of list using for loop2:20

    Discover how to compute the intersection of two lists in Python with a for loop, print the common elements, and reveal a one line solution.

  • Python Practice 51. Simple Intersection of List2:17

    Learn to intersect two lists in Python with a single line using set operations, convert to a list to print the shared elements, and understand hashable type constraints.

  • Python Practice 52. Longest ordered sequence in ascending order6:52

    Learn to find the longest ascending sequence in a Python list by generating random numbers, iterating with for loops, and tracking the maximum length and the corresponding values.

  • Python Practice 53. How to get the most occurrent Element5:52

    Explore python programming by generating a random list of numbers 0–4, converting to a set for uniqueness, and identifying the most frequent element by counting occurrences and printing it.

  • Python Practice 54. How to bubble sort elements of an Array4:40

    Learn to implement bubble sort in Python by creating an array, populating it, and using nested for loops to sort elements from lowest to highest.

  • Python Practice 55. How to sort Array using Selection sorting5:46

    Learn how to sort an array in Python using selection sort, with a practical project that demonstrates the selection method, loops, and basic array manipulation.

  • Python Practice 56. How to generate Matrix of Random numbers4:30

    Learn to generate a matrix of random numbers in Python by importing random, building a 6x6 matrix with nested loops, and printing it.

  • Python Practice 57. How to get the rows & columns with maximum sum of elements9:42

    Learn to find the row and column with maximum sum of elements in a matrix using Python, generating a random 6x6 matrix and computing the row and column sums.

  • Python Practice 58. Sum items in rows and columns of elements8:10

    Create a six by six matrix in Python and compute the sums of its rows and columns. Iterate through the matrix and print the row sums and column totals.

  • Python Practice 59. How to sum diagonals of a Matrix6:26

    Explore a Python project that creates a random 5x5 matrix and sums its diagonals from both sides, using loops and indexing.

  • Python Practice 60. How to interchange the principal diagonals of matrix6:48

    Learn to interchange the principal and secondary diagonals of a square matrix in Python using indexing and loops, with sample code and output demonstrations.

  • Python Practice 61. How to sort columns of element by sorting the first row7:24

    Sort the first row of a 6x6 Python matrix by reordering its columns, using for and while loops, random values, and printing the sorted matrix.

  • Python Practice 62. How to check rows and columns that has particular element10:47

    Build a simple Python project that generates a random 5x10 matrix and identifies all rows and columns containing a user-specified element, demonstrating matrix traversal and search.

  • Python Practice 63. How to generate beautiful Unicode4:04

    Learn to generate beautiful Unicode digits in Python by mapping 0–9 to their Unicode characters, building a string with a loop, and printing a visually appealing Unicode output.

  • Python Practice 64. How to get prices of products6:43

    Create a simple Python project to calculate prices of products by iterating over items with a for loop, using a while loop for user input, and accumulating cost with quantity.

  • Python Practice 65. How to make list of dictionary using 2 Lists3:33

    Learn to build a Python dictionary from two lists using a for loop or dict(zip(list1, list2)), with practical examples and code walkthrough.

  • Python Practice 66. How to delete dictionary item2:38

    Learn how to delete a random item from a Python dictionary by importing random, selecting a key with random.choice, and deleting it with del.

  • Python Practice 67. Return value of 2 Arguments using function3:52

    Define a Python function that returns the average of two arguments, obtain inputs, compute and return the result, and print the average with example runs.

  • Python Practice 68. How to fill List4:54

    Develop a Python function that fills a list with random numbers using randint, obtaining minimum, maximum, and quantity from user input and printing the resulting list.

  • Python Practice 69. How to get the Arithmetic mean of a List5:40

    Define a Python function to compute the arithmetic mean of a list using a for loop, summing values, dividing by the length, with user input and rounding to two decimals.

  • Python Practice 70. How to generate Fibonacci sequence using Function4:14

    Learn to generate the Fibonacci sequence in Python by using a function, accepting a user-defined range, and printing the sequence step by step.

  • Python Practice 71. How to get Fibonacci value using recursion2:52

    Learn to compute Fibonacci numbers in Python using recursion by defining a fib function with base cases 1 or 2 returning 1, and recursion for x-1 and x-2.

  • Python Practice 72. How to get Factorial using recursion2:29

    Learn to compute factorials in Python with recursion by defining a factorial function, using a base case of 1 and a recursive call, and calculating with user input.

  • Python Practice 73. How to get the LCM4:06

    Develop a Python function to compute the least common multiple using a while loop and modulus for two inputs, then print the LCM results.

  • Python Practice 74. How to Reverse Word Sequence3:06

    Learn how to reverse the sequence of words in a string using Python by splitting the input into words, reversing the list, and joining it back for output.

  • Python Practice 75. How to search for Binary numbers7:31

    Learn how to implement a binary search in Python to find a number in a list. The video builds the function, handles input, and returns the index or none.

  • Python Practice 76. How to make a ring shift or recycle items of a list5:35

    Build a Python function called ring shift that recycles a list of numbers by moving elements via append, pop, and insert, using for loops and range to print updated values.

  • Python Practice 77. How to Read Text5:20

    Learn to read a text file in Python by opening it, iterating over lines, and printing content after removing extra newline characters.

  • Python Practice 78. How to use Read Method4:03

    Practice reading file contents in Python using the read method, including opening the file, printing the data, and closing the file, then removing extra lines with split.

  • Python Practice 79. How to use ReadLine Method4:50

    Learn how to read a text file in Python using the readline method, building a simple project that reads lines, handles file paths, and prints the collected data.

  • Python Practice 80. How to use ReadLines Method2:38

    Learn how to read files in Python with the readlines method, opening a file, adjusting paths to forward slashes, printing contents, and removing the trailing newline.

  • Python Practice 81. How to Write to File7:36

    Learn practical techniques to write text to files in Python, including opening with the correct path, appending content, using write and write lines, handling newlines, and reading back the results.

  • Python Practice 82. How to Read Text from File to Dictionary8:13

    Learn how to read text from a file into a Python dictionary, parse prices as floats and sizes as ints, and group products into a goods dictionary.

  • Python Practice 83. How to count Number of Lines, Words & Letters in a text file7:18

    Count lines, words, and letters in a text file with Python. Explore creating the file, opening it, and calculating lines, words, and letters.

  • Python Practice 84. How to capture String Errors3:48

    Learn how to capture string errors in Python using try-except, validate numeric input, and handle value errors to prompt users to enter numbers only.

  • Python Practice 85. How to check for non existence of number3:55

    Demonstrate using try/except in Python to handle non existence of a number by validating user input for x, y, or z, printing the correct value or signaling a name error.

  • Python Practice 86. How to display Error message for non existed files4:56

    Learn how to handle non existent files in Python by using try-except to display a clear file not found error, request a file path input, and read existing content.

  • Python Practice 87. How to get Division by Zero error3:17

    Learn to detect division by zero in Python with try-except and clear error messages. The example reads two numbers, divides, and prints an error if the divisor is zero.

  • Python Practice 88. How to get Index out of Exception5:14

    Explore how Python raises and handles index errors when a non-existent index is accessed, with input validation, try/except blocks, and clear error messages.

  • Python Practice 89. How to Raise Exceptions3:33

    Learn to raise exceptions in Python by validating user input and triggering a value error when the input falls outside the expected range, with practical, beginner-friendly examples.

  • Python Practice 90. How to use classes and constructor6:51

    Learn to define a Python class with a constructor to store employee first names and surnames, build a staff list with user input, and print joined names.

  • Python Practice 91. How to fill a list with natural Numbers1:51

    Learn to fill a list with natural numbers in Python by prompting for a range, iterating with a for loop, and printing the resulting list.

  • Python Practice 92. How to fill a list with Random Numbers3:57

    Learn to fill a Python list with random numbers using randint, with user-supplied min and max, built via a for loop and range, including int casting and simple debugging.

  • Python Practice 93. How to select Even Numbers from list2:12

    Select even numbers from a Python list using a one-line list comprehension that filters i for i in x if i % 2 == 0 and prints the result.

  • Python Practice 94. How to create List from Dictionary2:15

    Learn how to convert a dictionary to a Python list using dict.items, separating string and integer values into y and z, and print the resulting list.

  • Python Practice 95. How to unpack Matrix into one level list1:43

    Learn how to unpack a matrix into a one-level list in Python by iterating through rows and items and printing the flattened result.

  • Python Practice 96. Read Data from file into Lines and Characters2:56

    Learn to read data from a file into lines and characters using Python, building a program that reads a file into a list and prints it.

  • Python Practice 97. How to calculate the Orbital speed4:20

    Calculate the duration of a year on a planet in Python by inputting orbital radius and orbital speed, converting units to kilometres, and computing the year in seconds.

  • Python Practice 98. Sum of a Random of 3 digit numbers4:06

    Explore Python programming by generating a random three-digit number and computing the sum of its digits using arithmetic operations and modulo, with practical code examples.

  • Python Practice 99. How to calculate Area & Perimeter of Right Angle Triangle4:54

    Learn how to compute the area and perimeter of a right-angled triangle in Python using the math module, input x and y, derive z, and print results.

  • Python Practice 100. How to get Total Surface Area of a Cylinder3:55

    Learn to calculate the total surface area of a cylinder in Python by importing pi, inputting height and radius, and summing circle and side areas.

Requirements

  • Be ready to learn the complete basics of programming of your choice in Python, Java, C#, C++ or C programming language
  • This course requires the knowledge of basics of computer programming
  • Ensure you install the necessary IDEs ready for implementation of of the skills learned in this course
  • Be ready to learn new skills today

Description

Embark on an exciting journey into the world of programming with the "500+ Beginners CODING Practices in Python, Java, C, C++, & C#" course. Designed specifically for beginners, this course offers an extensive collection of coding exercises and projects across five of the most popular programming languages. Whether you're just starting out or looking to reinforce your programming skills, this course provides the hands-on experience you need to become proficient in Python, Java, C, C++, and C#.

What You Will Learn:

This course is packed with over 500 coding exercises that cover the essential concepts of programming through practical, real-world projects. Here’s a glimpse of what you’ll master:

1. User Input Projects:

  • Basic Input/Output: Learn how to interact with users by accepting inputs and displaying outputs in each language.

  • Data Validation: Implement projects that check user inputs for accuracy, ensuring robust and user-friendly applications.

  • Interactive Games: Create simple text-based games that rely on user inputs to function, like number guessing games and quizzes.

2. Number Manipulation Projects:

  • Swapping Numbers: Write programs to swap two numbers using various methods, including temporary variables and arithmetic operations.

  • Arithmetic Operations: Develop projects that perform basic calculations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division.

  • Prime Number Checkers: Create programs that determine whether a given number is prime.

3. String Manipulation Projects:

  • Palindrome Checker: Develop programs that check whether a string reads the same forward and backward.

  • String Reversal: Write code to reverse the characters in a string, a fundamental exercise in understanding data manipulation.

  • Word Count: Build applications that count the number of words in a sentence or paragraph.

4. Control Flow and Decision-Making Projects:

  • Even/Odd Number Checker: Implement programs that determine whether a number is even or odd.

  • Leap Year Calculator: Write a program that checks if a given year is a leap year.

  • Grading System: Create a simple grading system that assigns letter grades based on numerical scores.

5. Looping and Iteration Projects:

  • Factorial Calculator: Develop programs to calculate the factorial of a number using loops.

  • Fibonacci Series: Implement a project that generates the Fibonacci sequence up to a certain number.

  • Pattern Printing: Write code to print various patterns like triangles, squares, and pyramids using loops.

6. Array and List Manipulation Projects:

  • Array Sorting: Implement sorting algorithms like bubble sort and selection sort.

  • Sum of Elements: Write programs that calculate the sum of elements in an array or list.

  • Finding the Maximum and Minimum: Develop projects to find the largest and smallest elements in a list or array.

7. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) Projects:

  • Class and Object Creation: Learn how to create classes and objects to model real-world scenarios.

  • Inheritance and Polymorphism: Implement projects that demonstrate the power of OOP concepts like inheritance and polymorphism.

  • Simple Banking System: Create a basic banking application that handles deposits, withdrawals, and balance inquiries.

8. File Handling Projects:

  • Reading from and Writing to Files: Develop programs that read data from files and write data to files.

  • File Encryption/Decryption: Implement simple encryption and decryption techniques for files.

  • Log File Analysis: Create a project that processes and analyzes log files.

9. Data Structures and Algorithms Projects:

  • Linked List Implementation: Write code to create, traverse, and manipulate linked lists.

  • Binary Search: Implement the binary search algorithm to efficiently find elements in a sorted array.

  • Stack and Queue Operations: Develop projects that simulate stack and queue operations.


Benefits of Taking This Bootcamp Course:

  • Extensive Practice: With over 500 coding exercises, this course ensures you get the hands-on experience needed to solidify your understanding of programming concepts across multiple languages.

  • Language Versatility: By working on projects in Python, Java, C, C++, and C#, you’ll develop a versatile skill set that is applicable in various areas of software development.

  • Problem-Solving Skills: Each project is designed to challenge you and enhance your problem-solving abilities, making you a more effective and efficient programmer.

  • Real-World Applications: The projects you work on are not just theoretical; they’re practical exercises that reflect real-world programming scenarios, giving you the confidence to tackle real coding challenges.

  • Portfolio Development: By the end of this course, you’ll have a portfolio of projects that you can showcase to potential employers, demonstrating your coding skills and your ability to work with different programming languages.

  • Career Advancement: Mastering these languages and completing this extensive range of projects will make you a strong candidate for entry-level programming positions, internships, and more.

Who Should Take This Course?

  • Complete Beginners: If you’re new to programming, this course is the perfect starting point. It provides clear, structured lessons that gradually build your skills through practice.

  • Aspiring Developers: If you’re looking to break into the tech industry, this bootcamp will equip you with the fundamental skills needed to succeed.

  • Students and Professionals: Whether you’re a student looking to supplement your learning or a professional aiming to reskill, this course offers a wealth of practical exercises to boost your proficiency.

Enroll now in the "500+ Beginners CODING Practices in Python, Java, C, C++, & C#" course and start your journey to becoming a skilled programmer. With this course, you’ll gain the knowledge, experience, and confidence needed to excel in the world of programming, opening doors to new opportunities and career paths in the tech industry.


Python is an interpreted, high-level and general-purpose programming language. Created by Guido van Rossum and first released in 1991, Python's design philosophy emphasizes code readability with its notable use of significant whitespace. Its language constructs and object-oriented approach aim to help programmers write clear, logical code for small and large-scale projects.

Python is dynamically typed and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly, procedural), object-oriented, and functional programming. Python is often described as a "batteries included" language due to its comprehensive standard library.

Python was created in the late 1980s as a successor to the ABC language. Python 2.0, released in 2000, introduced features like list comprehensions and a garbage collection system with reference counting.

Python 3.0, released in 2008, was a major revision of the language that is not completely backward-compatible, and much Python 2 code does not run unmodified on Python 3.

The Python 2 language was officially discontinued in 2020 (first planned for 2015), and "Python 2.7.18 is the last Python 2.7 release and therefore the last Python 2 release." No more security patches or other improvements will be released for it. With Python 2's end-of-life, only Python 3.6.x and later are supported.


Java is a class-based, object-oriented programming language that is designed to have as few implementation dependencies as possible. It is a general-purpose programming language intended to let application developers write once, run anywhere (WORA), meaning that compiled Java code can run on all platforms that support Java without the need for recompilation. Java applications are typically compiled to bytecode that can run on any Java virtual machine (JVM) regardless of the underlying computer architecture. The syntax of Java is similar to C and C++, but it has fewer low-level facilities than either of them. As of 2019, Java was one of the most popular programming languages in use according to GitHub, particularly for client-server web applications, with a reported 9 million developers.

Java was originally developed by James Gosling at Sun Microsystems (which has since been acquired by Oracle) and released in 1995 as a core component of Sun Microsystems' Java platform. The original and reference implementation Java compilers, virtual machines, and class libraries were originally released by Sun under proprietary licenses. As of May 2007, in compliance with the specifications of the Java Community Process, Sun had relicensed most of its Java technologies under the GNU General Public License. Oracle offers its own HotSpot Java Virtual Machine, however the official reference implementation is the OpenJDK JVM which is free open source software and used by most developers including the Eclipse IDE and is the default JVM for almost all Linux distributions.

The latest versions are Java 15, released in September 2020, and Java 11, a currently supported long-term support (LTS) version, released on September 25, 2018; Oracle released for the legacy Java 8 LTS the last free public update in January 2019 for commercial use, while it will otherwise still support Java 8 with public updates for personal use up to at least December 2020.


C is a general-purpose, procedural computer programming language supporting structured programming, lexical variable scope, and recursion, with a static type system. By design, C provides constructs that map efficiently to typical machine instructions. It has found lasting use in applications previously coded in assembly language. Such applications include operating systems and various application software for computer architectures that range from supercomputers to PLCs and embedded systems.

A successor to the programming language B, C was originally developed at Bell Labs by Dennis Ritchie between 1972 and 1973 to construct utilities running on Unix. It was applied to re-implementing the kernel of the Unix operating system. During the 1980s, C gradually gained popularity. It has become one of the most widely used programming languages, with C compilers from various vendors available for the majority of existing computer architectures and operating systems. C has been standardized by the ANSI since 1989 (ANSI C) and by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). As of September 2020, C is the most popular programming language.

C is an imperative procedural language. It was designed to be compiled to provide low-level access to memory and language constructs that map efficiently to machine instructions, all with minimal runtime support. Despite its low-level capabilities, the language was designed to encourage cross-platform programming. A standards-compliant C program written with portability in mind can be compiled for a wide variety of computer platforms and operating systems with few changes to its source code.


C++ is a general-purpose programming language created by Bjarne Stroustrup as an extension of the C programming language, or "C with Classes". The language has expanded significantly over time, and modern C++ now has object-oriented, generic, and functional features in addition to facilities for low-level memory manipulation. It is almost always implemented as a compiled language, and many vendors provide C++ compilers, including the Free Software Foundation, LLVM, Microsoft, Intel, Oracle, and IBM, so it is available on many platforms.

C++ was designed with a bias toward system programming and embedded, resource-constrained software and large systems, with performance, efficiency, and flexibility of use as its design highlights. C++ has also been found useful in many other contexts, with key strengths being software infrastructure and resource-constrained applications, including desktop applications, video games, servers (e.g. e-commerce, Web search, or SQL servers), and performance-critical applications (e.g. telephone switches or space probes).


C# is a general-purpose, multi-paradigm programming language encompassing strong typing, lexically scoped, imperative, declarative, functional, generic, object-oriented, and component-oriented programming disciplines.

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