Python basic to advanced

In Python, the print() command is used to display output on the screen.

Python has several built-in data types that help manage and store different kinds of data:

1. int – Used to represent whole numbers, like 5 or -42.

2. float – Represents decimal numbers, such as 3.14 or -0.99.

3. str – Stands for string, used to store text like "Hello, Python!".

4. bool – Represents Boolean values: True or False.

5. list – An ordered, mutable collection of items, e.g., [1, 2, 3].

6. dict – A collection of key-value pairs, e.g., {"name": "Alice", "age": 25}.

In Python, variables are used to store data that can be referenced and manipulated later in the program.

They do not need explicit declaration of data type—Python automatically assigns the type based on the value.

Looping in Python allows you to repeat a block of code multiple times. There are two main types:

1. for loop – Iterates over a sequence (like a list, string, or range).
   

2. while loop – Repeats as long as a condition is true.

   
   

   Loops help automate repetitive tasks and are essential for tasks like data processing, searching, and automation.

Conditional statements in Python are used to make decisions in your code based on conditions (true or false).

Lists in Python are ordered, mutable (changeable) collections used to store multiple items in a single variable. They can hold elements of any data type, including numbers, strings, or even other lists.

Tuples in Python are ordered, immutable collections of items. Unlike lists, once a tuple is created, its contents cannot be changed, which makes tuples useful for storing data that should not be modified.

Dictionary in Python is an unordered, mutable collection that stores data in key-value pairs. Each key is unique and maps to a value, making dictionaries ideal for fast data lookup.

Sets in Python are unordered collections of unique elements. They are useful when you want to store multiple items but avoid duplicates.

Functions in Python are reusable blocks of code designed to perform a specific task. They help organize code, avoid repetition, and make programs easier to read and maintain.

Global and Local Variables in Python refer to the scope where variables are accessible.

• Global variables are defined outside of functions and can be accessed anywhere in the program, including inside functions (unless shadowed).

• Local variables are defined inside a function and can only be used within that function. They exist only during the function execution.

File handling in Python allows you to create, read, write, and manipulate files stored on your computer. It is essential for storing data permanently and exchanging information between programs.