Public International Law (Module 4)-Law of ITL Institutions

Learn how the United Nations General Assembly and Security Council govern admission and membership, highlighting sovereign equality, global parliament functions, and the permanent members' veto system.

Explore the Security Council's role in peacekeeping, permanent member veto dynamics, procedural versus substantive decisions, and the Uniting for Peace framework shaping enforcement and reform debates.

Explore UN enforcement measures and peacekeeping under the UN Charter, including provisional measures under Article 40 and collective security to prevent breach of peace.

Explore how the United Nations pursues self-determination through peacekeeping, its principles of consent, impartiality, and non-use of force, and how veto power and collective security shape enforcement.

GATT originated in 1947 and came into force by 1948, expanding from 23 to 37 members and aiming to raise living standards, reduce trade barriers, and develop world resources.

Explore how GATT dismantled trade barriers by promoting most-favored-nation treatment, reducing tariffs, and regulating non-tariff measures like phytosanitary, transit, and origin rules, laying groundwork for the WTO.

The WTO supersedes GATT to dismantle protectionism, caps tariffs around 15 percent, reduces non-tariff barriers, and covers about 98 percent of global trade as a lean Geneva-based bureaucracy.

Explore World Trade Organization’s evolution from gatt to global governance, highlighting liberalization, privatization, and globalization shaping trade in goods and services and a robust dispute settlement mechanism.

Explore how India embraced WTO membership, pursued liberalization and globalization, navigated protectionist pressures, and engaged in dispute cases that shape its role in global trade.