
Rectangular Coordinate System, Distance Formula, Midpoint Formula, Circle, Standard Equation of a Circle, Unit Circle
Relations and Functions, Set Builder and Interval Notation, Domain, Range, Vertical Line Test
Even and Odd Functions, Increasing, Decreasing, and Constant Functions, Absolute and Local Extrema, Average Rate of Change, Difference Quotient
Properties of the Functions: Constant, Identity, Linear, Square, Cube, Square root, Cube Root, Reciprocal, Piece-wise Defined Functions, Greatest Integer Function, Absolute Value Function
Vertical and Horizontal Shifts, Vertical Stretching and Compressing, Horizontal Stretching and Compressing, Reflections about the x and y-axis
Definition of a Linear Function, Slope-Intercept Form, Point-Slope Form, Finding Intercepts, Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
Equations, Linear Equations in One Variable, Properties of Equality, Solving Linear Equations, Definition of Linear Inequality in One Variable, Properties of Inequalities, Solving Linear Inequalities, Compound Inequalities, Absolute Value Inequalities
Definition of a Quadratic Function, Vertex Form, Completing the Square, Vertex Formula
Definition of a Quadratic Equation, Square Root Property, Solution by Factoring, Solution by Completing the Square, Solution by Quadratic Formula, Discriminant, Graphical Solutions, Definition of Quadratic Inequality, Solving Quadratic Inequalities
Definition of Imaginary Unit i, Square Root of a Negative Number, Definition of a Complex Number, Complex Conjugates, Complex Numbers and Radicals, Operations on Complex Numbers, Operations with Powers of i, Quadratic Equations with Complex Solutions
Definition of a Polynomial Function, Division Algorithm, Remainder Theorem, Division of Polynomials, Synthetic Division
Factor Theorem, Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, Rational Zeros Theorem, n-Zeros Theorem, Conjugate Zeros Theorem
Definition of a Rational Function, Vertical Asymptotes, Horizontal Asymptotes, Oblique Asymptotes, Graphing Rational Functions
Rational Exponents and Radical Notation, Power Functions, Root Functions, Solving Radical Equations
Sum, Difference, Product, and Quotient of the Functions; Composition of Functions
One-to-one Functions, Horizontal Line Test, Inverse of a Function, Properties of Inverse Functions
Laws of Exponents, Definition of an Exponential Function, Properties of Exponential Functions, Compound Interest Formula
Definition of a Logarithmic Function, Properties of Logarithmic Functions, Inverse Properties of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, Continuous Compound Interest
Rules of Logarithms, Change of Base Formula
One-to-One Property of Exponential Equality, One-to-One Property of Logarithmic Equality, Solve Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
Degree Measure, Minutes and Seconds, Radian Measure, Arc Length, Degree and Radian Conversion, Coterminal Angles, Linear Velocity, and Angular Velocity
Sine, Cosine, Cosecant, Secant, Tangent, Cotangent, Unit Circle, Fundamental Identities of Trigonometry: Reciprocal Identities, Quotient Identities, and Pythagorean Identities
Periodic Functions, Even-Odd Properties, Graphing Sinusoidal Functions, Amplitude, Period, Frequency, Phase Shift, and Vertical Translation
Sketch the graphs of Tangent, Cotangent, Secant, and Cosecant Functions.
Inverse Sine, Inverse Cosine, Inverse Tangent, Inverse Cotangent, Inverse Secant, Inverse Cosecant, Composition of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
Reciprocal Identities, Quotient Identities, Pythagorean Identities, Even-Odd Identities, Cofunction Identities, Using Identities
Using Sum and Difference Formulas
Using Double-Angle, Half-Angle, and Power Reducing Formulas
Using Product-to-Sum and Sum-to-Product Formulas
Solving Trigonometric Equations
Trigonometric Functions of Right Triangles, Solving Right Triangles, Complementary Angle Theorem
Use Law of Sines to Solve Oblique Triangles
Use Law of Cosines to Solve Oblique Triangles
Basic Operations with Vectors, Unit Vectors, Dot Product, Angle Between Two Vectors
Complex Plane, Absolute Value of a Complex Number, Trigonometric Form of a Complex Number, Product and Quotient of Complex Numbers, De Moivre's Theorem, Finding nth Roots of a Complex Number
Polar Coordinates, Polar-Rectangular Coordinate Conversion
Graphical Solutions, Method of Substitution, and Method of Elimination
Solve Nonlinear Systems of Equations
Partial Fraction Decomposition
Graphical Solutions for Two Variable Systems of Inequalities
Apply Linear Programming to Optimize an Objective Function
Solve Systems of Equations with Matrices, Gaussian Elimination, Equivalent System Row Operations, Row-Echelon Form of a Matrix, Reduced Row-Echelon Form of a Matrix, and Gauss-Jordan Elimination
Matrix Addition and Subtraction, Scalar Multiplication, and Matrix Multiplication
Identity Matrix, Inverse of a Matrix, Find the Inverse of a Matrix, Inverse of a 2 x 2 Matrix, and Matrix System of Equations Solutions
Determinant of a Square Matrix, Minors and Cofactors of a Square Matrix
Finite & Infinite Sequences, Factorials, Arithmetic & Geometric Sequences
Finite & Infinite Series, Summation Notation, Arithmetic & Geometric Series
Fundamental Counting Principle, Permutations, and Combinatorics
Binomial Formula, Pascal's Triangle, and Binomial Coefficients
Probability of an Event, Probability of a Complementary Event, Probability of the Union of Two Events, Probability of Independent Events
Generalized Principle of Mathematical Induction
In this Precalculus course , you will learn the foundational level mathematics needed to study differential and integral calculus. Here is an outline of the course materials:
1. Functions and Graphs
• Rectangular Coordinate System: Distance Formula, Midpoint Formula, Circle, Standard Equation of a Circle, Unit Circle
• Functions: Relations and Functions, Set Builder and Interval Notation, Domain, Range, Vertical Line Test
• Properties of Functions: Even and Odd Functions, Increasing, Decreasing and Constant Functions, Absolute and Local Extrema, Average Rate of Change, Difference Quotient
• Library of Functions: Constant, Identity, Linear, Square, Cube, Square root, Cube Root, Reciprocal, Piece-wise Defined Functions, Greatest Integer Function, Absolute Value Function
• Graph Transformations: Vertical and Horizontal Shifts, Vertical Stretching and Compressing, Horizontal Stretching and Compressing, Reflections about the x and y-axis
2. Linear and Quadratic Functions
• Linear Functions: Definition of a Linear Function, Slope-Intercept Form, Point-Slope Form, Finding Intercepts, Parallel and Perpendicular Lines
• Linear Equations and Inequalities: Equations, Linear Equations in One Variable, Properties of Equality, Solving Linear Equations, Linear Inequalities in One Variable, Properties of Inequalities, Solving Linear Inequalities, Compound Inequalities, Absolute Value Inequalities
• Quadratic Functions: Definition of a Quadratic Function, Vertex Form, Completing the Square, Vertex Formula
• Quadratic Equations and Inequalities: Quadratic Equations, Square Root Property, Solution by Factoring, Solution by Completing the Square, Solution by Quadratic Formula, Discriminant, Graphical Solutions, Quadratic Inequalities, Solving Quadratic Inequalities
• Complex Numbers: Imaginary Unit i, Square Root of a Negative Number, Definition of a Complex Number, Complex Conjugates, Complex Numbers and Radicals, Operations on Complex Numbers, Operations with Powers of i, Quadratic Equations with Complex Solutions
3. Polynomial and Rational Functions
• Polynomial Functions: Definition of a Polynomial Function, Division Algorithm, Remainder Theorem, Division of Polynomials, Synthetic Division, x-Intercepts Behavior, Leading Coefficient Test
• Real and Complex Zeros of Polynomial Functions: Factor Theorem, Fundamental Theorem of Algebra, Rational Zeros Theorem, n-Zeros Theorem, Conjugate Zeros Theorem
• Rational Functions: Definition of a Rational Function, Vertical Asymptotes, Horizontal Asymptotes, Oblique Asymptotes, Graphing Rational Functions
• Power Functions: Rational Exponents and Radical Notation, Power Functions, Root Functions, Solving Radical Equations
4. Inverse, Exponential, and Logarithmic Functions
• Operations on Functions: Sum, Difference, Product, and Quotient of the functions, Composition of Functions
• Inverse Functions:One-to-one Functions, Horizontal Line Test, Inverse of a Function, Properties of Inverse Functions
• Exponential Functions: Laws of Exponents, Definition of an Exponential Function, Properties of Exponential Functions, Compound Interest Formula
• Logarithmic Functions: Definition of a Logarithmic Function, Properties of Logarithmic Functions, Inverse Properties of Exponential and Logarithmic Functions, Continuous Compound Interest
• Properties of Logarithms: Rules of Logarithms, Change of Base Formula
• Exponential and Logarithmic Equations: One-to-One Property of Exponential Equality, One-to-One Property of Logarithmic Equality, Solve Exponential and Logarithmic Equations
5. Trigonometric Functions
• Angles and Their Measure: Degree Measure, Minutes and Seconds, Radian Measure, Arc Length, Degree and Radian Conversion, Coterminal Angles, Linear Velocity, Angular Velocity
• Trigonometric Functions - Unit Circle: Sine, Cosine, Cosecant, Secant, Tangent, Cotangent, Unit Circle, Fundamental Identities of Trigonometry: Reciprocal Identities, Quotient Identities, and Pythagorean Identities
• Graphs of Sine and Cosine Functions: Periodic Functions, Even-Odd Properties, Graphing Sinusoidal Functions, Amplitude, Period, Frequency, Phase Shift, and Vertical Translation
• Graphs of Tangent, Cotangent, Secant, and Cosecant Functions
• Inverse Trigonometric Functions: Inverse Sine, Inverse Cosine, Inverse Tangent, Inverse Cotangent, Inverse Secant, Inverse Cosecant, Composition of Inverse Trigonometric Functions
6. Analytic Trigonometry
• Trigonometric Identities: Reciprocal Identities, Quotient Identities, Pythagorean Identities, Even-Odd Identities, Cofunction Identities, Using Identities
• Sum and Difference Formulas: Using Sum and Difference Formulas
• Double-Angle and Half-Angle Formulas: Using Double-Angle, Half-Angle, and Power Reducing Formulas
• Product-to-Sum and Sum-to-Product Formulas: Using Product-to-Sum and Sum-to-Product Formulas
• Trigonometric Equations: Solving Trigonometric Equations
7. Applications of Trigonometry
• Right Triangle Trigonometry: Trigonometric Functions of Right Triangles, Solving Right Triangles, Complementary Angle Theorem
• Law of Sines: Use Law of Sines to Solve Oblique Triangles
• Law of Cosines: Use Law of Cosines to Solve Oblique Triangles
• Vectors: Basic Operations with Vectors, Unit Vectors, Dot Product, Angle Between Two Vectors
• Trigonometric Form of Complex Number: Complex Plane, Absolute Value of a Complex Number, Trigonometric Form of a Complex Number, Product and Quotient of Complex Numbers, De Moivre's Theorem, Finding nth Roots of a Complex Number
• Polar Coordinates: Polar Coordinates, Polar-Rectangular Coordinate Conversion
8. Systems of Equations and Inequalities
• Two Variable Linear Systems of Equations: Graphical Solutions, Method of Substitution, and Method of Elimination
• Nonlinear Systems of Equations: Solve Nonlinear Systems of Equations
• Partial Fractions: Partial Fraction Decomposition
• Two Variable Systems of Inequalities: Graphical Solutions for Two Variable Systems of Inequalities
• Linear Programming: Apply Linear Programming to Optimize an Objective Function
9. Matrices and Determinants
• Linear Systems and Matrices: Solve Systems of Equations with Matrices, Gaussian Elimination, Equivalent System Row Operations, Row-Echelon Form of a Matrix, Reduced Row-Echelon Form of a Matrix, and Gauss-Jordan Elimination
• Operations with Matrices: Matrix Addition and Subtraction, Matrix Scalar Multiplication, and Matrix Multiplication
• Inverse of a Matrix: Identity Matrix, Inverse of a Matrix, Find the Inverse of a Matrix, Inverse of a 2 x 2 Matrix, and Matrix System of Equations Solutions
• Determinants: Determinant of a Square Matrix, Minors and Cofactors of a Square Matrix
10. Sequences, Series, and Probability
• Sequences: Finite & Infinite Sequences, Factorials, Arithmetic & Geometric Sequences
• Series: Finite & Infinite Series, Summation Notation, Arithmetic & Geometric Series
• Counting: Fundamental Counting Principle, Permutations, and Combinatorics
• The Binomial Theorem: Binomial Formula, Pascal's Triangle, and Binomial Coefficients
• Probability: Probability of an Event, Probability of a Complementary Event, Probability of the Union of Two Events, Probability of Independent Events
• Mathematical Induction: Generalized Principle of Mathematical Induction
11. Analytic Geometry
• Conic Sections – Parabola: Equation of a Parabola, Vertex, Focus, and Directrix
• Conic Sections – Ellipse: Equation of an Ellipse, Major and Minor Axis, Vertices, Foci, and Eccentricity
• Conic Sections – Hyperbola: Equation of a Hyperbola, Transverse and Conjugate Axis, Vertices, Foci, Asymptotes, and Fundamental Rectangle
• Conic Sections - Rotation of Axes: General Form of an Equation of a Conic, Rotation of Axes to Eliminate xy Term, Rotation Formulas, Identification of Conics with the Discriminant, Rotation of Axes: Parabola, Ellipse, and Hyperbola
• Conic Sections - Polar Equations: Polar Definition of a Conic and Polar Equations of Conics with Focus at the Pole