
[기초문법] 1. N이다
대상의 상태나 속성을 나타냄
문장의 서술어가 되게 하는 조사
보통 어떤 대상을 소개, 자기 소개할 때 사용
A postpositional particle used to specify the state or attribute of the object and used to be a predicate part of a sentence.
[기초문법] 2. A/V-아요 (현재)
일상생활에서 현재의 상태를 나타내거나 어떤 사실을 서술
물음, 명령, 요청을 부드럽게 말할 때
"A/V-아요" is used to indicate any fact or to describe questions, commands, or requests politely and gently in real life (informal situations).
[기초문법] 3. A/V-습니다 (격식)
격식 있는 상황이나 공식적인 자리에서
정중하게 자신의 생각이나 사실을 말할 때
"A/V-습니다" means "to be" which is used to explain the thoughts or facts politely at a formal situation or occasion.
[기초문법] 4. A/V-았- (과거)
사건이 일어난 때가 과거
일반적으로 '-아/어요'와 함께 쓰임
"A/V-았-" is an ending of a word used to indicate that an event happened in the past. It is usually used with '-아/어요’.
[기초문법] 5. V-을 거예요 ① (미래)
미래의 계획이나 주어의 의도 및 의지를 나타내거나 상대방에게 의사를 물어볼 때
기본형은 'V-을 것이다'지만 일반적으로 '-아/어요'와 함께 사용하여 'V-을 거예요'로 말함
"V-ㄹ/을-" means "will", "be going to"which is used to indicate the intention and will of the future plan or subject or to ask the other person for their opinion. It is generally used with '아/어요" to say 'V/-ㄹ/을 거예요.
[기초문법] 6. 높임말/ 반말
높임말: 자신보다 나이가 많거나 높은 지위의 사람에게 사용
반말: 친한 친구나 가족 사이
"높임말" is used to people who are older or higher in status.
"반말" is commonly used among close friends, family members. It is rude to use it with someone who is not close to you, or who you've met for the first time.
[기초문법] 7. V-고 있다 (진행, 상태)
동작이나 상태가 진행되고 있음
어떤 행동의 결과가 지속됨
어미 '-고'와 동사 '있다'가 함께 쓰임
"V-고 있다" is an expression used to state that the act or state is continued. The word '-고' and the verb '있다' are written together.
[기초문법] 8. 있다/ 없다 (소유, 존재/위치)
사람이나 사물을 가지고 있음
사람이나 사물이 존재하거나 위치하는 곳을 나타낼 때
"있다/ 없다 " is used to indicate where a person or object exists or is located.
[기초문법] 9. 안 A/V
부정문을 만들 때
행동이나 상태의 부정을 나타냄
"안 A/V" is used in negative sentences. It indicates the negation of the act or status.
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