Power Supplies Unveiled: Theory and Design of Linear & SMPS

Explore how switched mode power supplies overcome linear regulator drawbacks by using high-frequency pulse width modulation, converting power efficiently with rectifiers, filters, transformers, and feedback control.

Learn the stages of an smps circuit from input protection and rectification to high-frequency switching, transformer, and output regulation with feedback and isolation via optocouplers.

Explore the main SMPS configurations, distinguishing non-isolated (boost, buck) from isolated (flyback, forward, push-pull, off bridge, full bridge), and map them to power ranges from low to high.

Explore how a non-isolated boost converter stores energy in an inductor, uses pulse-width modulation and a Schottky diode to step up input voltage with a low esr output capacitor.

Explore how a buck converter steps down input voltage using PWM control, an inductor, diode, and capacitor to regulate output with duty cycle, feedback, and fast switching.

Explore the buck-boost converter, an inverting converter using a switch, inductor, diode, and capacitor to store and release energy, with output polarity set by the duty cycle.

Explore how a flyback converter stores energy in primary during on-time and transfers it to the load during off-time, delivering isolation with pwm switching, a transformer, rectifier and filtering capacitor.

Explore flyback converter formulas for continuous and discontinuous conduction modes, including the duty cycle D = Ton/T, output voltage relations with Vin, Vf, turns ratio, and MOSFET/diode stresses.

Explore flyback converter waveforms in continuous conduction mode, detailing on-time with near-zero switch voltage and rising primary current, and off-time energy transfer through diode conduction to the load.

Examine the discontinuous conduction mode of the flyback converter, where on and off times shape voltages, diode conduction, and energy transfer for smaller transformers and higher frequencies.

examine the flyback converter applications by detailing a practical circuit with rectifiers, filters, snubber, transformer, isolation, and feedback using a zener and optocoupler.

Demonstrates a 4-watt flyback standby supply using an 8-lead PDIP, detailing RC snubber, MOSFET switching, dual 5 V and 12 V outputs, and Zener–optocoupler regulation with auto restart.

Explore a 20 W universal input top-switch II power supply in an 8-lead PDIP, featuring input filter, common-mode choke, rectifier, snubbed transformer, and optocoupler feedback for a 12 V output.

Explore a 24-watt flyback SMPS, detailing input protection, rectification, snubber, auxiliary supply, and optocoupler feedback that regulate output via duty cycle.

Explore a 40 w, 5 v/12 v smps circuit, detailing primary energy storage, mosfet switching, three secondary windings, rectification, lc filtering, auxiliary supply, and isolation via transformer and optocoupler.

Explore a no opto flyback converter that regulates output via boundary detection and reflected voltage, using a ferrite core transformer, mosfet switch, Schottky diode, and simple resistor networks.

Explore how the LTA 300 current-mode flyback regulator uses boundary conduction mode, discontinuous conduction, and low ripple burst operation to regulate an isolated output without optocoupler.

Design a no opto flyback power supply from 36 to 72 input to 12 volt with 120 milliampere load. Cover turns ratio, primary inductance, duty cycle, diode, capacitor, snubber, feedback.

Explore forward converter topology, its transformer isolation, and how it differs from buck and flyback converters, with energy transferring to the secondary for rectification regulated by duty cycle and feedback.

Discover the single switch forward converter using a dc source, transformer isolation, L1 energy storage, a filter capacitor, and a demagnetizing ground coil with D1–D3 diodes for on/off transfer.

Explore single switch forward converter output waveforms, duty cycle limits up to 50%, and component stresses, then analyze phase operations and demagnetization to understand transformer behavior.

Explains the two-switch forward converter, showing how two switches, a transformer, and diodes reduce MOSFET stress and speed its demagnetization, with on/off waveforms and key components.

Learn the active clamp forward converter, which recovers leakage energy to the input capacitor, enables high efficiency and duty cycles over 50 percent, and uses soft switching.

Explore the two phase interleaved forward converter, two forward converters 180 degrees out of phase, and how interleaving reduces ripple, EMI, and component stress while boosting power and efficiency.

Explore the interleaved two-switch soft-switching forward pwm power converter, detailing stage one and two energy transfer, rectification, snubbers, and LM 5034 active clamp gate drive with undervoltage lockout.

Compare flyback and forward converters: flyback is a buck boost isolated topology that stores energy, while forward is a buck topology that transfers energy via a transformer.

Explore the push-pull converter, an isolated voltage switching regulator with a center-tap transformer, primary switches, a fast-recovery diode, storage inductor, and PWM feedback via transformer or optocoupler to regulate output.

Explore a 12 V push-pull converter that delivers three isolated 25 V outputs via a ferrite-core transformer, with PWM control and feedback regulating the 325 V DC 1 kW output.

design a 12 v to 325 v 1 kw supply using an e65 ferrite core and 49% duty cycle, and compute frequency, turns, and voltage from the caption.

Understand the full bridge converter topology with AC input, full bridge rectifier, PWM-driven switches, isolation and ferrite core transformers, energy transfer, and output filtering to the load.

Explore the simplified half-bridge (off bridge) circuit using the LM 5039 PWM controller to drive Q1 and Q2, regulate primary and secondary transformer currents via feedback.

Explore the full-bridge converter, its working principle, PWM-driven switch pairs enabling dc-dc conversion, bidirectional current flow, and energy transfer through a transformer for higher power applications.

Explore the full-bridge bidirectional converter with eight switches, PWM control, a transformer and inductor, enabling bidirectional current flow and energy transfer to the load.

Explore an overview of SMPS board, detailing input protection, filtering, transformers, rectification, energy storage, and a PWM-driven feedback loop generating 5 V, 3.3 V, and 12 V outputs.

Explore how X and Y safety capacitors, a MOV, and a common mode choke protect SMPS by filtering high-frequency noise, suppressing surges, and ensuring galvanic isolation.

Explore how diodes, ESR capacitors, varistors, and ntc thermistors protect and filter a switching power supply; learn pwm control with tl494 and mosfet to regulate 5v and 12v.