Porting from Python 2 to Python 3

Explain how Python 2 and Python 3 evolved in two parallel versions, from print as a statement to a function, and the 2008–2020 transition.

Evaluate porting from python 2 to python 3 by weighing end-of-life security updates, the new standard with async io, and the need for compatible dependencies.

Porting moves code from Python 2 to Python 3 in a one-way transition. Polyglot maintains compatibility with both versions but requires high test coverage and multi-version testing.

Port Python 2 code to Python 3 with two to three, futurize, and six, including pasteurize, applying diffs, in-place updates, and producing polyglot code that runs on both versions.

Learn to validate Python 3 porting and polyglot development with unit tests, coverage reports, nose tests, and talks across Python versions for continuous integration.

Porting from python 2 to python 3 explains int and long, promotion, and how division and literals change, plus using the builtins int for polyglot targets and avoiding legacy syntax.

Understand how text is represented as binary, from ASCII and code pages to Unicode, and why UTF-8, UTF-16, and UTF-32 affect string length.

Python 3 makes Unicode strings the default, streamlining non-ASCII text handling. Decode to Unicode early and encode to bytes late to preserve data integrity.

Examine how Python 3 treats byte strings as an immutable byte array and how encode and decode convert between Unicode and bytes, for porting from Python 2.

Refactor Python 2 code to drop basestring, embrace io.open with proper encoding for text and binary IO, and apply string interning with six or the future package for porting.

Learn how Python uses exceptions to separate failure handling from the main flow, with both old and new syntax for raising and catching exceptions, including polyglot patterns and 2to3 tools.

Porting from Python 2 to Python 3: learn about exception chaining and tracebacks, compare Python 3 and Python 2 behavior, and see how six's reraise emulates Python 3.

Explore metaclasses, where class is a factory for objects via type, and learn porting from Python 2 to Python 3 using six options like metaclass helper and Medek class decorator.

Explore how iterators work and how Python 3 changes their naming and usage, including next vs __next__, range as an iterator, and dict keys, values, and items becoming iterator-based.

Port from Python 2 to Python 3 explains string and boolean conversions using str and Unicode helpers, UTF-8 encoding, and optional future decorators to ease porting.

Explore Python 3 file i/o with the io module and io.open, including buffered text and binary types, and porting guidance for Unicode handling.

Learn how Python 3's input returns a unicode string and replaces raw_input from Python 2, and how the future library can restore the old input behavior.

Replace execfile with exec(open(...).read()) and use the io library's string io for unicode text and bytes io for binary data to enable porting and polyglot compatibility.

Explore how the collections library was reorganized in Python 3, moving counter, ordered dict, userlist, and userstring into the collections module. Porting mainly requires renames and manual steps.

Learn how Python 3 reorganized and renamed the file-based dbm modules, including BSD and GNU dbm formats, and porting from Python 2 via 2to3 or future library for polyglot code.

Discover how Python 2 external process routines move from the commands module to subprocess in Python 3, with get output now in subprocess alongside check output, making porting nearly trivial.

Review how the hgp standard library portions were restructured in Python 3, with module renames but unchanged functions and classes, and how the future package enables polyglot porting by aliases.

Reorganize the standard library into a lib namespace in Python 3. Explain how 2to3, future, and six aliasing ease porting and cgi and html parsing adjustments for polyglot workflows.

Learn how to port python 2 to python 3 by exploring the itertools library. Understand why iterator-prefixed names changed and how python 3 returns iterators by default, including zip_longest.

Examine how standard library modules rename from Python 2 to Python 3, including socket server, config parser, and queue, and learn how six moves enable polyglot porting using future package.

Porting from Python 2 to Python 3, this lecture shows how print becomes a function, covers argument handling and redirection, and introduces two to three automation and future import.

Learn how repr becomes a formal, debuggable string representation when porting from Python 2 to Python 3, capable of parsing back into the original object, unlike str.

Understand relative imports and ambiguity when porting from Python 2 to Python 3, and learn how reload moves to importlib for robust package handling.

Porting from python 2 to python 3 changes dictionaries: replace has_key with the in operator, and iterate keys, values, and items as iterators, with polyglot support via the six library.

Porting from Python 2 to Python 3 explains how range returns an iterator in Python 3, xrange renamed to range, and how 2to3 and polyglot help porting.

Porting from Python 2 to Python 3 with functional operators map, zip, and filter, which now return iterators. Use two to three for porting and run future for polyglot code.

Porting from Python 2 to Python 3 explains reduce and comparisons, noting reduce moves to the phunk tools package, apply is removed, and key functions replace cmpd for sorting.

Review the journey through porting from Python 2 to Python 3 and reinforce your Python toolbelt with topics covered in this video series.