PG Diploma in Piping Design Engineering

Explore the fundamentals of piping design by surveying industries and systems, studying global codes and standards, and examining the piping designer role and cross-department collaboration, including fittings and valves.

Explore the piping system as a network of pipes, fittings, valves, and flanges that transfer fluids between equipment, from home plumbing to complex industrial networks.

Explore plant-type classifications by functionality, from power and petrochemical plants to fluid-specific piping systems handling normal and pressurized water, steam, and refined products, guided by design codes and standards.

Explore piping design for multi-unit processes in pulp and paper and fertilizer plants, including inline piping with chemically neutral plastics like PTFE to handle fluids, temperatures, and chemical compatibility.

Explore pharmaceutical, fertilizer, and beverage plant design, focusing on physical and chemical properties of fluids, safety for human use, and regulatory testing by bodies like FSSAI.

Explore offshore plant design challenges—storage, extreme weather and sea instability—while examining fluid properties, external pressures, and cemented non-metallic piping for robust pipelines.

Learn about hospital, building, fire safety, ship, HVAC, and process piping systems, with color codes for oxygen, nitric oxide, air, vacuum, nitrogen, and anesthetic gas scavenging, plus NFPA guidance.

Identify grass root and brown field plant design types, from complete new design to revisions of existing plants, with hydrocarbon and non-hydrocarbon project distinctions.

This lecture outlines the seven project phases from feasibility and location to conceptualization, feed, detailed design engineering, construction, commissioning, and handover, including automation and government regulation considerations.

Explore the four types of design companies in plant projects—architectural, EPC, EPCM, and detail designing firms—highlighting FEED, procurement, construction, management services, and outsourcing to reduce 40–65 percent of design costs.

Explore how piping drives the detailed design phase, showing piping design's share in design work and project cost, and cover piping engineering, drafting, three-dimensional modeling, and stress analysis.

Piping design maximizes cost effectiveness, safety, maintenance access, and process needs while coordinating with civil, electrical, instrumentation, mechanical, HSE, planning, process, and procurement, including 3D modeling and P&ID, PFD, UFD.

Explain how codes and standards define technical requirements for piping design and become legally enforceable or contractually binding. Cover sections include public piping, gas distribution, process plants, and transmission.

Explore the network of piping components that form a conduit system, including elbows and other components, to design an effective and efficient piping system.

Examine pipe specifications, schedules, and thickness variations; understand how pipes transport materials and form structures, and compare inside and outside diameters and designation schemes.

Explore international pipe designation systems, understanding nominal size and wall thickness (schedule) and how outside diameter stays constant for fittings, including ips and eu designations.

Learn pipe fittings and joint methods, including socketed, screwed, spigot and socket, and cemented flanged connections with gaskets, highlighting high temperature and high pressure capabilities.

Explore pipe fittings by examining elbows, including 45, 90, and 180-degree turns, and compare short radius with long radius types, using a radius of curvature 1.5 times the pipe diameter.

Explore pipe fittings to distribute or split flow, including equal-diameter and reducing fittings, caps up to four inches, and concentric reducers; learn bottom-flat and top-flat orientations to manage air pockets.

Learn how pipe flanges join pipes to equipment through mechanical preload, use gaskets to prevent leakage, and select materials and standards for tight tolerances under specified pressure and temperature.

Learn how pipe flanges are classified by size, pressure-temperature rating, material, and facing type, and compare regular and long flanges with slip-on and blind flanges under BS 4504 standards.

Explore pipe fittings such as couplings, unions, nipples, reducing fittings, elbows, and sockets; learn how to connect and repair piping systems, illustrated with a 3D representation.

Learn pipe flange connections by face type, including flat face and raised face, and explore joint options such as ring-type and tongue-and-groove designs for alignment in long-distance piping.

Classify flange gaskets by nominal bore, pressure class, and material—composite, metallic, and nonmetallic—and explore options like graphite, PTFE, asbestos-based, and ring-type joints for high temperature and pressure seals.

Explore valve types, classification, and selection for piping systems, including manual and automated operation to stop, start, isolate, and regulate flow, up to large 108-inch valves.

Classify valves by design and function for piping design engineering, detailing gate, globe, needle, swing check, lift check, ball, butterfly, and safety valves, with throttling and self-actuating operation.

Learn Cooperman's types and working of equipment, with data from process and mechanical engineers used as input by piping designers.

Identify equipment as mechanical components that regulate pressure and store liquids or gases in piping systems. Distinguish static from moving equipment, with turbines as examples of rotating equipment.

Explore static equipment with no moving parts, such as tanks, separators, filters, air vents, strainers, heat exchangers, heaters, and boilers used in crude oil distillation and chemical processes.

Explore fixed roof and floating roof tanks—external and internal—alongside horizontal, vertical, and spherical designs for petrochemicals and gases, focusing on pressure management and weather impacts.

Heat exchangers transfer heat between two fluids to cool or heat a process, with longer length and larger diameter increasing transfer.

Explore heater and boiler systems for heating piping and gas separation. Learn about moisture separator, oil–water separation, fuel gas conditioning for turbines, and simple circulation in the field.

Explore boiler types used to heat feeding tubes and produce steam, including bubbling and circulating beds, Cornish and shell designs, water-tube and Benson high-pressure boilers.

Examine the Brantner distillation column, its plates and temperature zones for crude oil separation into petrochemical products, including cracking and catalytic processes, plus vacuum distillation and piping design implications.

Explore how reactors are designed for specific chemical reactions, with timing based on the reaction, and consider hydro treating code 101, size, nozzle position, and 3D printed nuclear reactor concepts.

Explore mechanical separators used in petrochemical industries, including oil–gas separators that separate gas and water from crude oil, and degassing and steam traps that remove air and condensate.

Learn how strainers remove solids from liquids in piping systems using simple circular filters, topside removal, bottom cleaning, and types like black or duplex strainers and angled filters.

Explore air vents in piping design, including vacuum breakers for pressure relief, condensate collection, and diaphragm or thermal-fluid balanced vents that remove gases at set pressures.

Explore how pig launchers and receivers clean pipelines by pushing a cleaning pig with water and air through elbows, brushes remove dirt, and transmitters relay location to the controller.

Identify and understand rotary equipment, including pumps, compressors, and turbines, and their roles in enabling fluid flow, power generation, and recoupment within piping systems.

Explore pump types in piping design, including centrifugal, oil beam, gear, lobe, reciprocating, and diaphragm pumps, their operation, applications, and selection and calculation.

Classify compressors into displacement, centrifugal, and rotary types, and describe their use in providing compressed air for pneumatic tools and piping systems.

Explore agitators in piping design as mechanisms moving chemicals and liquids to mix, disperse, and homogenize substances, and review impeller classifications from parallel to turbine blades.

Explore gas turbines powering generation and jet engines from a piping engineer's perspective, comparing impulse and reaction turbines, gas flow directions, efficiency, space, and cost in petrochemical and power applications.

Explore turbo expanders in piping design engineering, showing how gas expansion lowers pressure and temperature for refrigeration, cryogenics, and electricity generation.

Compare diesel, gasoline, and natural-gas engines for power generation, drilling, and transport with turbine efficiency, and explain turbocharging or supercharging to boost power for offshore platforms and pipelines.

Examine how fans and blowers control heat and moisture in piping systems, covering axial and centrifugal types, pressure changes, and applications in cooling towers and filtration.

Outline the piping design process from understanding the chemical process to equipment selection and load planning, read BFDs, arrangement drawings, and isometric drawings, and generate piping system drawings.

Understand how project documentation shapes piping design, from process and utility flow diagrams to floor planning, equipment layout, and line lists, culminating in isometric and fabrication drawings.

analyze how to select a chemical process by weighing resources, costs, safety, standards, and government controls against internal constraints like process conditions and material availability.

The lecture explains the blood flow diagram of a chemical process, outlining raw material storage, preparation, reaction, product separation, purification, waste handling, and final product storage and transport.

Explore material balance in chemical process design, calculating raw and utility material needs, storage, and flow through units to optimize inventory, piping, and process safety.

Energy balance guides piping design by predicting temperatures for each stream, sizing heat and cooling requirements, and planning insulation and heat recovery within a chemical process.

Explore plot planning from proposal to final plot plan, detailing unit division, equipment layouts, and the use of horizontal and vertical plot plans.

Design piping layouts using a unified coordinate system to locate equipment, nozzles, and elevations. Plan connections with elbows and pipes, size selections, and maintain clearances, insulation, and flange spacing.

Learn to read piping design symbols, including line types, insulation, nominal diameter, fluids, and control symbols for pumps, tanks, valves, and safety instrumented systems.

Learn how PFD and UFD guide process design, showing stages, temperatures, and pressures, and how P&ID sizing, insulation, fittings, and pump selection rely on these diagrams.

Explore a simple P&ID tank loop, featuring a buffer tank, a pump with level-based flow control, flow transmitters, a pressure indicator and controller, and a bypass line for maintenance.

Explore P&ID concepts through heat exchanger and pump symbols, control loops, and signal types, including electrical and pneumatic signals, temperature transmitters, and flow control.

Explore a three-phase separator with an inlet and spectacle blind, where oil and water separate, guided by level and pressure transmitters and controls, with a vortex breaker and safety relief.

Explore a P&ID exercise on an aromatic extraction column handling benzene extract and toluene with a heat exchanger, steam heat, condensate, and essential instrumentation.

Engage in a complex P&ID exercise with three tanks, vendor data, and piping standards. Learn to read line numbers, materials, fittings, and instrumentation symbols, including SPF lining for corrosives.

Explore the journal arrangements section to design piping systems with pennetta equipment layouts, including reactor, tanks, boiler, and pump, plus isometric drawings.

Design a piping system for a pipeline, selecting fittings, nozzles, and land connections on the tank and boiler assembly. Determine pipe sizes and class ratings from temperature and pressure data.

Plan piping fittings in a general arrangement, determine nozzle spacing and elbow sizing, and select available pipe lengths. Develop isometric drawings and a line list for the piping system.

Learn to create isometric drawings from a general arrangement using building symbols and pipe fittings in AutoCAD, and finalize pipe sizes and routes for clear, accurate diagrams.

Provide a line list detailing pipe walls, flanges, and fittings for a specific pipeline, including standards, vendor details, and joining allowances.

Explore the basics of piping design calculations, including behavior, properties, and the standard be thirty one point three. Understand fluid dynamics and how fluids move through pipes.

Define fluids as liquids or gases that flow under gravity, and examine properties: density, specific weight, specific volume, specific gravity, and viscosity, and their impact on piping design.

Classify fluids by viscosity using shear stress and velocity gradient, covering newtonian, ideal plastic, and pseudo-plastic behaviors; compare compressible and incompressible fluids with water and steam as examples.

In fluids at rest, internal pressure in a pipe or vessel induces circumferential and longitudinal stresses; circumferential stress risks joints, while longitudinal stress is smaller, informing wall thickness design.

Study how moving fluids carry kinetic energy, use the Moody chart and flow classifications to distinguish laminar, transitional, and turbulent flows, and apply these concepts to pipe sizing.

explores the continuity equation, linking cross-sectional area and velocity to discharge for incompressible liquids and compressible fluids, with examples of applying q = a * v in piping sections.

Apply Bernoulli's theorem to piping by equating pressure, kinetic and potential energies between sections using the continuity equation, with an example showing velocity and pressure changes.

Apply Bernoulli's theorem to analyze reverse-flow oil in a pipe, relate density from specific gravity to velocities from diameters, and identify head losses that show the flow direction.

Size pipes by performing bite-sized calculations that link flow rate, pressure drop, and velocity; use roughness, Moody chart, and fittings to determine an appropriate diameter.

Learn how to determine pipe thickness after predicting the outer diameter by applying the minimum thickness formula, tolerance, corrosion allowance, and pressure–temperature factors to select the pipe schedule.

Select pumps using charts that relate head, flow, and efficiency to operating needs, horsepower, and impeller size, ensuring adequate net positive head requirement and performance.

Determine insulation thickness to minimize heat loss in piping using economic thickness calculations. Use charts of diameter and temperature to select appropriate materials with known thermal conductivity.

Compute mitre bend lengths using pipe diameter, inch-to-millimeter conversion, radii, and trigonometric relations to determine the angles and overall layout for multiple bends.

Explore dyke wall calculations to ensure wall and bank volumes exceed tank and dispersion volumes, using height adjustments and spacing rules.

Explore piping fabrication and the spooled system, covering fabrication activities, insulation and lining options, and the comparison of inland inert polymer piping with exterior metallic piping.

Explore pipe fabrication, including cutting, burning, and joining components to form subassemblies for piping systems, with attention to allowances, standard lengths, and material take-off.

Explore common welding types in piping fabrication: shielded metal arc welding with flux, flux-cored and gas metal arc welding, and gas tungsten arc welding for stainless and nonferrous materials.

Learn pipe interior lining options, including teflon, plastics, and nonmetallic or nonferrous materials, and how lining thickness, inner diameter, and coatings like liquid epoxy guide material selection.

Explore the three piping insulation types—piping insulation, old piping insulation, and protective piping insulation—and materials like calcium silicate and polyurethane used with heat transfer formulas to determine economical thickness.

Explore pipe supports as a design element that transfers load from the pipe, absorbs shock, and sustains load under varying loading and operating conditions, with insulation considerations.

Explore primary supports as infrastructure components and secondary supports with attachments for piping systems, and outline selection criteria such as location, height, spacing, material, and fabrication.

The lecture surveys pipe hanger types—from light duty to ring and split ring hangers—highlighting diameter availability, load capacity, flexibility for maintenance, and vibration damping, with vendor considerations.

Explore various clamp supports for piping, including hangers, offset clamps, riser and extended riser clamps, detailing load capacity, attachment methods, and roof or ground mounting options.

Explore pipe strap supports, including short straps, hanger and strainer, 90-degree straps, and hold-off straps, noting size ranges up to four or six inches and load limitations.

Explore saddle supports for laying pipes on racks or decks, including drilling and installing adjustable saddles, spring cushion hangers to reduce vibration, and maintaining pipe alignment under weather conditions.

Explore the basics of stress analysis for piping design, covering types of loads and resulting stresses, their impact on piping systems, and introductory testing in piping.

Explain piping stresses: primary from internal pressure and fluid movement, and secondary from thermal expansion and displacement, with external loads like earthquake, wind, and equipment vibration.

Explore static loads in piping, including fluid pressure, axial stress, bending moments, and effects like weight and thermal expansion, and outline preventive actions such as expansion joints and support spacing.

Assess dynamic loads on piping systems, including seismic and wind effects. Explore vibrational, sludge flow, and water hammer phenomena, and evaluate pressure safety valve considerations.

Assess piping systems through visual inspection to evaluate geometry, finish, and corrosion risk. Detect defects, cracks, and excessive grinding, and verify coating quality and surface roughness for protection.

Learn how the liquid penetration test reveals surface cracks and irregularities by applying a red penetrant and developer after cleaning, showing where fluxing material strengthens joints and improves component quality.

Perform magnetic particle test by cleaning, applying white paint, and magnetizing a metallic object to reveal surface cracks in welding joints; limited to ferromagnetic materials and metallic pipes.

Assess piping weld quality with radiographic testing using x-ray or gamma rays. Capture film impressions to detect cracks and density, creating a permanent record, while noting costs and safety requirements.

Ultrasonic testing uses ultrasonic waves to detect cracks, flaws, and internal corrosion in piping, measuring metal thickness and locating thin spots by transmitting and receiving signals to analyze reflections.

Conduct hydrostatic pressure testing to verify the piping system withstands high pressure. Fill with water up to 1.5 times design pressure, hold 16–24 hours, inspect, then dry with air.

Pneumatic pressure testing uses gases such as nitrogen or air to pressurize piping up to 10 bar; for higher pressures, switch to hydrostatic testing under controlled conditions with data recorded.