Read, Understand P&ID - Masterclass on P&ID

Identify P&ID numbers, revisions, and notes to distinguish pads in piping and instrumentation diagrams, focusing on P90 numbers and revisions and where they appear on the pad.

Master the meaning of P&ID letter symbols by using a practical chart to identify pressure, temperature, flow, level, transmitters, valve status, and alarms per isa s 5.1.

Explore line symbols in piping and instrument diagrams, including line size, line designation, unit and line numbers, material and insulation per piping materials specification, with vendor limits.

Explore valve symbols used in P&ID, including choke, gate, globe, butterfly, ball, plug, needle, diaphragm, angle, blowdown angle, and check valves, and their control or on/off connections.

Explore control valve symbols in P&ID, including globe, butterfly, ball, diaphragm, angle, and three-way valves, and learn how flow directions are represented.

Identify how a control valve fails—fail open, fail closed, or fail last position (pfl)—driven by pneumatic or hydraulic actuation, with three-way and four-way fail paths depicted in P&ID.

Learn to identify P&ID instruments by symbols, decode letters for indication and control, and interpret pad numbers and a/b suffixes for multiple instances.

Identify instrument location on the P&ID using IEC symbology, distinguishing field, control room, and panel-mounted instruments, and interpret DCS graphics for transmitter signals.

Explore various flow meter symbols used in p&id, including orifice, venturi, turbine, pd, rotameter, coriolis, ultrasonic, magnetic, pitot tube, and vortex meters, with example explanations.

Explore different level transmitter symbols in P&ID, from top-mounted and side-pipe radar types to diaphragm seal and nuclear LTE, and learn how level sketches clarify mounting and tapping.

Identify temperature elements and transmitters in P&ID, from thermocouple or RTD sensors to transmitters, 4-20 mA signals, and DCS or PLC control.

Learn the symbols for pressure transmitters, differential pressure transmitters, and pressure gauges, including impulse line and diaphragm sealed configurations, tapping, valves, and cross-referencing PID drawings.

Explore the fundamentals of process control: set point, process variable, sensors, and controller; see how valves or drives modulate the process to maintain the target level despite disturbances.

Explore how a basic process control system uses a sensor, a controller, and a final control element to create a closed loop, illustrated with flow, level, and temperature examples.

Explore cascade control by interlinking a primary temperature loop with a secondary flow loop and sensors, tune the secondary first, then the primary, and address wind up and wind down.

This lecture demonstrates cascade control in P&ID, using level-flow and temperature-flow loops to show how flow acts as the primary signal for master and slave controllers.

Learn how boiler combustion control uses firing rate to regulate steam pressure by adjusting fuel and air flow, with series and parallel schemes, oxygen feedback, and ratio control.

Explore feedforward control and its advantages over feedback control, using a heat exchanger example and disturbances measured to feed into the controller to keep outlet temperature near the set point.

Explore how override control protects equipment by overriding existing control actions during disturbances. See a low-selector override that prioritizes steam header pressure over temperature control, with windup mitigation.

Understand process alarms as critical indicators that alert operators to deviations from setpoints, with four levels and PV comparisons, guiding manual action and guarding safety and efficiency.

Explore layers of protection in lopa, from initiating events through three ipls, and compare rdf and html to determine necessary risk reduction.

Learn to conduct lopa using a practical industrial example, linking hazop outcomes to risk reduction via initiating events, protection layers, and seal classifications.

Define safety function and safety instrumented function per IEC 61508/61511, implemented via a safety instrumented system with a sensor, logic, and actuator chain to prevent hazards.

Explains how a safety instrumented system prevents vessel level overflow or underflow using a safety PLC and a fail-close valve, layered with alarms and the basic process control system.

Explore how the pad and instrument index relate, how the instrument index is created from the pad, and how to resolve contradictions by following the pad as the master document.

Examine the relationship between P&ID and cause-and-effect diagrams, and learn to cross-check with the NID for consistency. Identify how causes trigger valve actions and safety interlocks, and spot mismatches.

Explore the P&ID lifecycle from creation by process engineering to review and issuance for construction, then as-built handover, including modifications, commissioning, and operation and maintenance.