PHYSICS: Oscillations, SHM, Waves (AP-Physics-1,IIT,NEET)

Classical waves are described as a disturbance that transfers energy from point to point in a medium. ... Space is a vacuum; there is no conducting medium in space through which light travels. Light waves still transfer energy and momentum, though, just as classical waves do.

Beats are used in tuning musical instruments like sitar, violin, etc. ... In the Sonometer experiment, beats can be used to adjust the vibrating length between the two bridges. To find the frequency (N) of the given tuning fork beats can be used. Detection of harmful gases in mines.

Speed of sound increases in proportion to humidity in air. Humidity has a small but significant effect on speed of sound (causing it to increase by about 0.1%-0.6%), the reason being oxygen and nitrogen molecules of the air are replaced by lighter molecules of water.

• They are produced due to the interference of two identical progressive waves traveling along the same path but in opposite directions.

• They move neither forward nor backward.

• In a stationary wave, the energy is not transported from one point to another.

In a standing wave, the motion of the particles is non- transferrable but in a progressive wave, the motion is easily transferred to the particles in the forward direction. For stationary waves, the energy is confined within the medium while progressive wave permits propagation of energy through the medium.

The Doppler effect, or Doppler shift, describes the changes in frequency of any kind of sound or light wave produced by a moving source with respect to an observer.

‘Beats’ is an interesting phenomenon arising from interference of waves. When two harmonic sound waves of close (but not equal) frequencies are heard at the same time, we hear a sound of similar frequency (the average of two close frequencies), but we hear something else also.

We hear audibly distinct waxing and waning of the intensity of the sound, with a frequency equal to the difference in the two close

frequencies. Artists use this phenomenon often while tuning their instruments with each other. They go on tuning until their sensitive ears do not detect any beats.

A wave motion travels at the same speed in all directions in the given medium. ... During a wave motion, energy is transferred from one point of the medium to another. There is no transfer of matter through the medium.

A transverse wave is a moving wave that consists of oscillations occurring perpendicular (or right angled) to the direction of energy transfer. If a transverse wave is moving in the positive x-direction, its oscillations are in up and down directions that lie in the y–z plane. Light is an example of a transverse wave.

The Intensity of waves (called Irradiance in Optics) is defined as the power delivered per unit area. The unit of Intensity will be W.m-2. The wave energy comes from the simple harmonic motion of its particles. ... The quantity Aω is the maximum transverse speed of the particles, so it has m.s-1.

Considering a plane progressive harmonic wave, the displacement of a sinusoidal wave traveling in the x-direction (positive) is mentioned below: y = a sin(kx – ωt + φ) Here, 'a' denotes the amplitude of the wave, angular wave number is denoted by 'k', whereas 'ω' is the angular frequency.

n an ideal gas approximation, air pressure has no role to play in deciding the speed of sound because pressure and density both contribute to the velocity of sound equally and thus cancels each other out. Hence, Air pressure has no effect on sound speed.

Mechanical longitudinal waves are also called compressional or compression waves, because they produce compression and rarefaction when traveling through a medium, and pressure waves, because they produce increases and decreases in pressure.