Physics in Motion (Fundamentals of Physics)

Differentiate the displacement function to get velocity as a function of time, showing instantaneous velocity at time five is six m/s and average velocity is five point five m/s.

Explore reference frames and relativistic rest, showing how observers on trains and ground perceive motion differently, then introduce one-dimensional motion and newtonian equations of motion.

Master one dimensional motion by analyzing motion along the x axis, learn the three fundamental equations, and explore their practical applications from basic problems to rocket science.

Learn the first equation of motion, v = u + a t, using initial velocity 5 m/s, acceleration 1 m/s^2, and time 10 s to reach 15 m/s.

Explore the second equation of motion s = ut + 1/2 a t^2, linking displacement to initial velocity, time, and acceleration with a falling-stone example.

Derive the second equation s = ut + 1/2 a t^2 from average velocity, then derive the third equation v^2 = u^2 + 2 a s by eliminating time.

Apply third equation of motion v^2 = u^2 + 2 a s with v = 10 m/s, u = 0, a = 5 m/s^2 to find s = 10 m.

Use the hard equation to explore more phenomena and tackle quiz questions, then observe how physical objects around you actually work.

Explore how graphs reveal motion, with line graphs showing uniform motion and curved graphs indicating non-uniform motion, and examine slope and area in distance-time, displacement-time, and velocity-time relationships.

Explains how distance-time graphs use time on the x-axis and distance on the y-axis, highlighting distance vs displacement, slope as speed, and rest as a flat line.

Explore the velocity-time graph by analyzing slope as acceleration or retardation and using the area under the curve to find distance or displacement, including rest versus motion.

Learn how to read an acceleration time graph by using slope as rate of change and area as velocity, and examine constant-velocity motion from lines parallel to the time axis.

Explore the laws of motion and the forces, distinguishing push and pull. Compare rolling friction and gravity to explain how pushing a box differs from pulling it.

Explore inertia and its role in resisting changes in motion, illustrated by Galileo's demonstrations and the card-and-coin experiment, plus bus scenarios that reveal motion and resting states.

Learn how freely falling bodies fall the same, regardless of mass, through Galileo's experiments and a feather and stone vacuum test, setting the stage for Einstein's elevator idea.

Explore how Newton's laws of motion explain gravity, tides, rotation, and revolution, and how F = ma governs motion in nature.

Explore Newton's laws of motion, linking inertia, momentum, and the change in momentum to force, with examples from space, rockets, and colliding objects.

Explore two-dimensional motion through projectile motion, using horizontal and vertical components, initial velocity, gravity, time of flight, range, maximum height, and the trajectory.

Study two-dimensional projectile motion using initial velocity, angle, and gravity to derive time of flight, range, and maximum height. Apply free body diagrams to analyze forces, components, and motions.

Explore how surface roughness determines friction, from static to kinetic to rolling friction, and how the friction equation F = μN governs resisting forces.

Explore centripetal force as the center-directed force in circular motion, and centrifugal force as the outward reaction, illustrated by a stone on a string moving with velocity and radius.

Explore gravitation and the ideas Newton developed, including escape velocity and the speed of light, and see how satellites follow these concepts through energy and motion.

Kepler shows planets orbit the sun in elliptical orbits, not circular, and sweep out equal areas in equal times, causing speed to increase near the sun and decrease farther away.

Apply Newton's universal gravitation with F = G m1 m2 / r^2 and sum of pairwise forces; G equals 6.67e-11 N m^2/kg^2 and applies everywhere.

Learn about gravity as the earth’s gravitational acceleration of 9.8 m/s^2, how it pulls objects toward the center and shapes orbital motion, with future topics on energy, velocity, and satellites.

Explore the distinctions between gravitation and gravity, and learn the forms of energy—kinetic energy (½ m v²) and gravitational potential energy—along with work, power, and their relationships.

Explore how rockets overcome gravity by achieving Earth's escape velocity of about 11.2 km/s, the key distinction between mass and weight, and how satellites orbit Earth.

Explore natural and artificial satellites, including geostationary and polar orbits, and their roles in communications and weather observation, plus the basics of orbital launch and stability.

Explore centripetal force and orbital velocity to launch and place a satellite in its orbit, and compare gravitation with gravity through Newton's view, density, and galaxy-scale implications.