Personality Disorders

Analyze gender bias in personality disorder perceptions, contrasting how women are labeled emotional or aggressive with men seen as confident, while appearance and leadership roles shape judgments.

Explore how culture shapes perceptions of personality disorders, comparing the DSM and ICD frameworks and revealing the role of pharmaceutical funding in DSM decisions.

Family members grapple with stigma as they judge and label personality disorders using DSM five criteria of excessive and inappropriate behavior, shaped by cultural, social, and gendered worldviews.

To tell or not to tell, this lecture examines ethical challenges in naming personality disorders, balancing sensitivity with clarity, and how diagnosis, behavior, and ICD coding shape clinical conversations.

Trace the personality disorders debate from Freud’s era to the diagnostic and statistical manual framework, noting the 1930s conservative view and the shift toward asking what happened to you.

DSM II (1968) introduced personality disorders, shifting from deviant to recognized disorder; clinicians used short, often emotional descriptors like hysterical female, egocentric, and inadequate.

The lecture traces the 1980s shift to cognitive-behavioral, evidence-based diagnosis. It emphasizes observable behavior and thoughts, introduces a separate axis for personality disorders, and critiques permanent condition labeling.

Examine how the DSM-IV (1994) defined personality disorders, their permanence, separation from mental retardation, and the shift toward reducing stigma and improving understanding.

ICD-11 replaces multiple personality disorder labels with one diagnosis based on five traits and severity (mild to severe), removing traditional labels like borderline or histrionic.

Explore ICD-11 personality traits across five domains—negative affectivity, detachment, dissociality, disinhibition, and anankastia—and assess clients to identify areas of difficulty and engage in nonjudgmental conversations.

Explore ICD-11 severity for personality disorders, distinguishing mild, moderate, and severe levels across five domains, guided by DSM-5 criteria, to inform diagnosis and treatment.

The 2013 DSM-5 introduction sparked debates on personality disorders, noting overlaps among paranoid, schizoid, histrionic, and dependent types, with an alternative model tucked at the back predicting future changes.

The lecture explains an alternative DSM-5 model for personality disorders using a dimensional approach with four domains—identity and self-direction, empathy and intimacy—assessing impairment levels and five-factor traits.

Recognize that personality traits are stable and predictable across situations, lie on a continuum from extreme extroversion to introversion, and become problematic only at extremes, per DSM and ICD-10.

Learn to explain personality traits and difficulties on a continuum, using examples like conscientiousness, obsessive traits, depression, anxiety, paranoia, and aggression, without labeling someone with a disorder.

Define a personality disorder and examine how ICD codes shape diagnosis, treatment, and training in the South African context and medical aid coding.

Explore Cluster A paranoid personality disorder, highlighting paranoia, suspicion, mistrust, and secrecy, with overlap to schizoid traits and negative symptoms like poverty of speech and apathy.

Schizoid personality disorder features detachment, indifference, and a preference for solitude, with flattened affect, little joy, and limited interest in close relationships or sexual activity.

Explore schizotypal personality disorder, including peculiar thoughts, magical beliefs, paranoid ideation, and eccentric behavior and speech, along with social anxiety and few close friends or family.

Learn to recognize cluster A patients in psychiatric wards or addiction settings; build trust slowly as they may show incoherent language, poor self-care, and limited motivation for therapy.

Identify cluster b personality disorders, including antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic traits. Examine grandiosity, lack of empathy, and the overlap among antisocial, borderline, histrionic, and narcissistic traits.

Explore antisocial personality disorder, characterized by lack of empathy, manipulation, deceit, and impulsive, risky behavior. The caption highlights court involvement, criminal patterns, early conduct disorder, and limited engagement with therapy.

Explore borderline personality disorder: intense mood swings, fear of abandonment, identity disturbance, impulsivity, and self-harm. Understand how these verge into short, intense relationships, paranoia under stress, and disruptive life patterns.

Narcissistic personality disorder centers on extreme self-importance, entitlement, and lack of empathy, often exploiting others and demanding praise and special treatment.

This lecture covers cluster c personality disorders: avoidant with social withdrawal and low self-esteem; dependent with clinginess and reassurance needs; obsessive-compulsive with rigidity and perfectionism.

Examine avoidant personality disorder, marked by extreme shyness, fear of ridicule, and low self-worth, causing social withdrawal and difficulty in relationships and work; therapy emphasizes reassurance and gentle, supportive engagement.

Describe dependent personality disorder as marked by reliance on others and nurturance needs. Explain how individuals seek reassurance from others, avoid independent decisions, fear being alone, and have low self-esteem.

Describe the difference between obsessive-compulsive personality disorder and OCD, noting that OCPD lacks behavioral compulsions and centers on perfectionism, devotion to work, and strict rule-following.

Engage with the world of personality disorders, recognizing ongoing controversy and the need to adapt to a different perspective, and leave inspired to stay healthy.