Process/Chemical Engineering - BOOTCAMP 2021

Drawings and Diagrams are essential for Engineers from every discipline. They help engineers understand and imagine the plant or their working environment, more properly. In this video, you will learn about:

• - What is the importance of having Engineering Drawings?;

• - Most used Engineering Drawings and

• - Overview of Drawings and Diagrams in various disciplines

Block Flow Diagrams, as the most fundamental Process Engineering Drawing is used to form a scheme of process, so that other drawings can be developed using them. This lesson aims to teach you:

- What are Block Flow Diagrams, BFDs?;

- Role of this drawing in Project Organization and

- Developing Block Flow Diagram

Process Flow Diagrams are commonly used in chemical and process engineering to indicate the general flow of plant processes and equipment. PFDs display the relationship between the major equipment of a plant facility and does not show minor details. This video will help you understand:

- Why is PFD important?;

- What does or doesn't PFD include? and

- How PFDs are developed?

Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams, (P&IDs) are detailed diagrams in the process industry showing the piping and process equipment together with the instrumentation and control devices. In this video, we will get into:

- Relationship between PFD and P&ID;

- What are or aren't included in P&IDs? and

- How are P&IDs are developed?

Similar to Equipment and Instrumentation, every pipe on a P&ID requires a unique tag number, so that it can be uniquely identified during design, or referenced in operating procedures. In this session, you are provided with the essential information about:

- Why are tags used in P&IDs?;

- Symbols/tags for various equipment (pump, compressor, valve, etc.);

- Symbols/tags for indicators and

- Symbols/tags for pipe and lines

As Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams illustrate the detailed process, its development, revision and update become vital. This video aims to teach you:

- Why are these procedures important?;

- Revisions on Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams and

- Redlining Methodology for P&ID Development

As P&IDs provide needed information to begin the planning for construction, there should be brief explanation on utility lines and its contributors. Therefore, this session is dedicated to:

- More about Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams;

- What is piping indicated by on P&ID? (such as, nominal diameter, fluid service, piping class, etc.) and

- Pipe diameters (nominal, inner and outer)

Cause and Effect, C&E Diagrams can be considered as the visual tool to logically organize possible causes for a specific problem or event. These Engineering Drawings help teams understand that there are many causes that contribute to an effect and what mitigative plans should be followed to overcome those effects. In this video-session, you will learn about:

- What is the importance of C&E Diagram?;

- How these drawings are developed? and

- Analysis on a system using C&E Logic

After completing the most essential drawings/diagrams in Chemical/Process Engineering Discipline, it would be better to get into other drawings used in various disciplines by looking through:
- General Arrangement Drawings;

- Detailed Drawings and

- Piping Isometrics

Chemical and Physical properties of materials and how they are affected throughout the various processes are worth-considering in chemical engineering. In this video, you will learn:

• Chemical and Physical properties in detail;

• How to distinguish chemical and physical properties and

• Intensive and extensive variables by working on the example

After successfully distinguishing the physical and chemical properties, we can go over two essential physical properties that are molecular weight and density. This lecture aims to give brief information about:

• Calculating molecular and average molecular weight;

• How the relative density and API gravity are calculated

After completing "Molecular Weight and Density" overall session, we can go more specific over Liquid and Gas Density by looking through:

• Density calculation for gaseous and liquid mixtures and

• Difference between their densities

In the previous lesson, you have learned how to calculate the density for gaseous mixtures and faced one of the most significant factors for gases which is the compressibility factor. While you have opened up the topic, in this lecture we will cover:

• What is the compressibility factor and how is it calculated?;

• Compressibility factor for natural gases and;

• Viscosity and its calculation

While we are talking about physical properties, it is significant to mention some variables that are related to the topic of heat and energy. You will understand it better in the next section where you will learn about material and energy balance in detail. This session is dedicated to:

• Specific heat capacity and its calculation;

• Thermal conductivity and Fourier law and

• Thermal conductivity for liquids, gases, and mixtures

This can be one of the best explanations for sensible and latent heat difference and boiling temperature which are core elements of mixture properties that you have to be aware of as engineers. We do recommend you to watch the two following lessons carefully and take your notes because they are likely to meet the questions related to these properties in interviews. In "Sensible and Latent Heat" and "Boiling Temperature" lectures, you will learn:

• How the states of matter change;

• Sensible and latent heat and their main difference and

• Their illustration on a graphical scale and specific example

This can be one of the best explanations for sensible and latent heat difference and boiling temperature which are core elements of mixture properties that you have to be aware of as engineers. We do recommend you to watch the two following lessons carefully and take your notes because they are likely to meet the questions related to these properties in interviews. In "Sensible and Latent Heat" and "Boiling Temperature" lectures, you will learn:

• How the states of matter change;

• Sensible and latent heat and their main difference and

• Their illustration on a graphical scale and specific example

If you are in this course, you already know the necessity of pressure, especially vapor pressure. There is a classic and specific definition for vapor pressure that you can see everywhere, but it should not be a general explanation of this phenomenon. In this lecture, you will get into:

• Pressure and energy relationship;

• Meaning of vapor pressure both for liquids and mixtures and

• The relationship between temperature and vapor pressure by working on Antoine's equation

Material/mass balance can be regarded as the process design basis that is used to determine the quantities of raw material and products produced. This video covers valuable information about:

• The procedure for mass and material balance development and

• Their application in different industrial processes and equipment in detail

When carrying out mass and material balance, it is important to know the basic principles behind conversion and yield which affect the balance. In this lecture, you will:

• Learn the importance of conversion and yield and

• Understand their definitions and usage in a given problem

One of the main topics that should be known by process engineers and will be applied in the design and calculations sections is Thermodynamic Processes. In this video, we will:

• Carefully analyze thermodynamic processes that do affect the working principle of the process equipment;

• Acknowledge the difference among various processes and

• Address the disparity between heat and temperature

In this session, we'll cover:

• Meaning of expansion and compressions

• Calculations for expansion and compression of a gas

Since we have made a background in previous, we can take a step to go over energy balance. As it was mentioned for mass and material balance, energy balance is one more essential topic that should be analyzed by the engineers. In this lecture, you will learn:

• The procedure for energy balance development;

• The effect of the law of Thermodynamics to energy balance;

• Enthalpy calculation and

• Their application in different industrial processes and equipment in detail

Enthalpy is the main part of carried energy balance because the amount of heat in a system has a significant effect on our process.

This video is dedicated to giving a descriptive explanation of:

• Types of heat and their characteristics

• Enthalpy calculation methods

There are some other factors that have a considerable impact on energy balance and therefore the operation in process equipment. This video is dedicated to Heat of the mixture, reaction, and formation and aims to deliver:

• The information about their concept and importance and

• How to calculate and implement them in energy balance

In this video, you will perfectly apply what you have learned in previous lectures by working on a specific example on the distillation column.

Take this advice for your better understanding: Please try to understand the process scheme first, then take notes about what should be done for this problem and watch the video till you understand how to carry out material and energy balance in any industrial process.

Fluid flow and dynamics should be regarded as the most significant element of process engineering which aims to analyze its type, physical properties, external constraints and etc. In this lecture, you will have brief information about:

• The disparity between the precise definitions behind solid and fluid;

• Question of "What is flow?" and

• Types and various applications of fluid flow

After learning about fluid flow and flow types, we can turn to "Common Fluid Types" session to get the brief information about:

• - How does fluid viscosity affect the fluid type and

• - Newtonian/Non-Newtonian fluids

Since your system mainly deals with fluid, precisely monitoring the flow with the help of flow regimes plays a vital role. The significant guide to defining the fluid regime is the utilization of Reynolds Number which relies on the density, velocity, and viscosity of the fluid, as well as, the diameter of the pipe. In this video, you will:

• Acknowledge the different types and characteristics of flow regimes and

• Define them by Using the Reynolds Number

Pressure drop and head loss calculations are the essential subtopics of fluid flow fundamentals because their implementation gives a hand to design and understand the working principles of the various equipment. This lesson will help you to:

• Identify the necessity of pressure drop and head loss calculations;

• Understand the close relationship between them and

• Learn their calculation procedures

As you have learned the difference of pressure drop and head loss and their calculation procedures, we can move on to the next essential lecture dedicated to:

• Which factors affect Pressure drop and how? and

• Which factors affect Head loss and how?

Friction factor is an essential factor affecting the fluid flow, therefore pressure drop and head loss. So that, calculation of Friction Factor becomes essential, too. Here in this lesson, we will learn:

• One of the graphical method for calculation of Friction Factor

Friction factor is an essential factor affecting the fluid flow, therefore pressure drop and head loss. So that, calculation of Friction Factor becomes essential, too. Here in this lesson, we will learn:

• One of the numerical method for calculation of Friction Factor, Colebrook Equation

We have mentioned the importance of fluid flow and its application to different industrial processes in the previous video. Now in this video, you will:

• Get into the principle behind the fluid flow which is called "Bernoulli's Principle" and

• Understand the relationship between fluid pressure, elevation, and the fluid motion

The practical side of fluid flow fundamentals is ready to be welcomed by our dear course takers! Here in this lesson, you will see that the previous videos are carefully implemented in Line or Pipe sizing. This lecture is dedicated to noticing:

• The significance of pipe sizing and its practical sides;

• Precise line sizing principle and

• Two mandatory factors that affect the sizing of line or pipe

You have acquired robust information about fluid flow fundamentals, its application, and the principle for the practical side called "Line/Pipe Sizing". In this video, you will carefully work on the specific problems to implement what you have learned in previous lectures.

Take a piece of advice: Please pay more attention to problem-solving which will make you comprehend how to size pipe or line in an appropriate way. Watch the video, practice the problem by using your knowledge you learned, and check what you have done!

One of the pressure changers, valves aims to control or regulate the disturbance variables and isolate the system. In this lecture, you will learn about:

• The importance of valves, their primary types

• Application in industry

As you have got the brief introduction to Valve Unit Operation, you can now turn to the "Valve Operating Principles" session. In this video, you will learn about:

• How does ball valve work?;

• How does gate valve work as a control valve? and

• What are the process variables to be controlled

After learning about the significance of valves and their working and operating principles, we can now get into the Valve Internals for more detailed knowledge on Valve Unit Operation. In this video, you will learn valuable knowledge on:

• Valve body, disc, seat and bonnet;

• Actuators, types of actuators and

• Valve stem and its types

As you remember from the first video, one of the main purposes of valves is to isolate the system that stops the flow of process media to a given location. In this lecture, you will get informed about:

• The various types of valves that are used for isolation and named "Isolation valves"

• The main aims of them which are mainly standing for maintenance and safety and

• How the different valves take an action to isolate the system

Since you have looked through one of the aims of the valve, we can have a look at control valves that are used to manipulate or regulate the disturbance variables. This video is mainly based on:

• The various types of valves that are used for control and named as "Control valves"

• The main aims of them which are mainly standing for direct control of flow rate and consequential control of process quantities and

• How the different valves take an action to control the system

Control Valve Flow Characteristics is the relationship between the percentage of valve opening on the flow rate. The choice was a control valve with flow feature that is important as well With a large selection of the appropriate valve. This session aims to provide considerably essential information about:

• Quick-opening flow characteristics and their application;

• Linear flow characteristics and their application;

• Equal-percentage flow characteristics and their application and

• PSV and PRVs

In this lesson, we'll cover:

• The importance of non-return or check valves;

• Their main purpose and

• The question of "How does a check valve work?"

You have acquired robust information about valves, their application areas, and the principle behind how they work. In this video, you will carefully work on the control valve sizing and learn the sizing principle for valves.

Take a piece of advice: Control valve sizing is extremely important which is s significant pressure changer in all industrial applications. Here, you can apply your knowledge about control valve sizing to other valve types of isolation and check.

Pumps are classified into two groups according to their capacity and how they impart energy to the fluid. In this lecture, we will briefly talk about:

- Centrifugal Pumps and

- Positive Displacement Pumps;

As you got introduction with the "Classification of Pumps" session, we can go over the major pump types. Here in this video, we will:

- Learn about various pump types;

- Differ them by operation and working principles and

- Understand the basics of various types

One of the essential pump performance contributor is pump head, which directly affects its performance and therefore selection. This lecture is dedicated to:

- What is pump head?;

- How is it calculated and

- How does it affect the pump performance

In addition to Pump Head, other pump performance contributor is Cavitation, which directly impacts the pump internals and operation. This lecture will help you understand:

- What is Cavitation?;

- How is it related to NPSH, net positive suction head?

- How does the cavitation affect the pump performance

Another essential pump performance contributor is Net Positive Suction Head, NPSH, which impacts the cavitation probability, which in turn affects the pump performance. This video aims to help you learn about:

- How to calculate NPSH?;

- Relationship between NPSH and pump performance curve and

- What is the impact of NPSH on pump performance

The mostly utilized industrial type is Centrifugal Pump, which imparts a centrifugal force to the fluid for increasing the pressure of it. Via "Centrifugal Pumps" lesson, you will get into:

- The working principles and operation of this type and

- Types of centrifugal pumps

After learning about pump head, cavitation phenomenon and NPSH factors, we can move on to the Centrifugal Pump Performance Curves, which includes:

- Impact of Flow rate and Required Head on Pump Performance Curve;

- How pump performance curves are used to monitor pump operation and

- The relationship between pump performance and system curve to find out an operating point of the pump

As two essential pump performance contributors, importance of cavitation on pump performance curve is undeniable. In this lesson, we will lean about:

- Why is cavitation important on pump performance curve and

- How does changing NPSH affect the pump performance

As Pump Performance Curves are developed by vendors, system curves are more likely to be constructed by Engineers. Therefore, Pump System Curve and Capacity Control using both system and performance curves are essential. This session aims to go over:

- What is pump system curve?;

- How is constructed, read and developed and

- How to control pump capacity using system and performance curve relationship

After learning about pump system curve and capacity control using that, it would be better to work on Pump Capacity Control example, which will help you identify the importance of system curve on capacity control.

In industry, it is also likely to see the combination of multiple pumps used in operation. Therefore, it will be helpful to go over this session for getting essential practical information about:

- Pumps operated in series

- Pumps operated in parallel

- Why do pumps are operated in series/parallel?

- What is better choice and etc.

Another industrial pump type is Positive Displacement Pump, which imparts a reciprocating force to the fluid for increasing the pressure of it. Via "Positive Displacement Pumps" lesson, you will get into:

- The working principles and operation of this type and

- Types of PD/Reciprocating Pumps

After learning about pumps, we can go over the compressors which also a type of pressure changers in the industry, and aim to deliver the fluid (mainly gas or vapor) from one point to another by exerting extra energy on it. This video aims to give you brief information about:

• Rotary Compressors and their application in industry;

• Reciprocating Compressors and their application in industry and

• The essential factors for their operation and selection

In this session, we'll cover:

• Centrifugal Compressors and their application in industry;

• Axial Compressors and their application in industry and

• The essential factors for their operation and selection

When working with compressors, the power requirements should be considered which makes them different from pumps, indeed. The simple approach to power can alter by depending on the process happening in compressor that you will understand while watching this lecture which resembles:

• Gibb's equation and volume work;

• Isentropic and poly-tropic works and

• The application of the Mollier diagram to solve a specific problem

As it was noted in the previous lesson, isentropic compression works for an ideal case where entropy remains unchanged, however in reality nothing is like that. This time, the utilization of the compression phenomenon becomes necessary that we will cover during this video by adding the following subtopics inside:

• The difference between poly-tropic and isentropic processes;

• Generalized compressibility function and

• Isentropic and poly-tropic head calculations for compression

Although you got aware of compressors and their necessary factors, it will be beneficial to put some explanations about the compressor performance curve. This is significant because the performance curve will let you understand how your system behaves in various process scenarios. In this lesson, you will get into:

• The necessity of compressor performance curve and how it is plotted;

• How the capacity of the pump is controlled and

• Surge and Stonewall phenomena that might appear while operating compressors

Since you got short information about compressor capacity control, you will need to know the details of control. In this video, you will learn about:

• Why the capacity control is needed and installed;

• Capacity control techniques and

• Adding or Subtracting fixed clearance

You might think about the question of what if I want to separate two fluids into the different streams?" If you have really asked this question, you are on the right way! Separation of the two-phase mixture (vapor+liquid) has a vital role in processes and in this video, we will mainly go over this by working on:

• Separation and its significance;

• Fundamental theories about separation principle and

• Practical information about separator choice for process

As principles of separation theory are discussed, we can go through the common separation techniques used in industry. In this video, you will get into:

• Gravity Separation, Distillation;

• Sedimentation;

• Adsorption and Absorption and

• Liquid Extraction and Filtration

As principles of separation theory are discussed, we can go through the common separation techniques used in industry. In this video, you will get into:

• Gravity Separation, Distillation;

• Sedimentation;

• Adsorption and Absorption and

• Liquid Extraction and Filtration

When you are dealing with the separation of various fluid types, you will need to know the phase behaviors and the diagrams associated with them. This video will help you understand:

• Gibbs rule for single-phase components and

• Bubble and dew point curves

After completing the sessions dedicated to the importance of phase diagrams, single and multi-components in phase diagrams and bubble/dew point curves, it would be great help to dive into the bubble and dew point calculations by going over:

• Three criteria leading to equilibrium;

• Raoult's and Antoine's law and their applications;

• Pressure and Temperature-composition diagrams

This session is to provide essential practical information about determination of K, vapor-liquid equilibrium constant, which is important to calculate as a part of flash calculation that you will learn next session. Here in this chapter, you will learn about:

• Methods for determination of K;

• Bubble and Dew point pressures shown on phase diagrams and

• Steps for calculating Bubble Point Pressure

Another essential part of gravity separation is a flash calculation which gives the compositions of vapor and liquid stream components precisely. This lecture aims to deliver:

• How the flash calculation is carried out and

• How is it calculated by using "What If" analysis on Microsoft Excel

You have got enough information to get started with separator selection for your process after watching the previous videos, now in this module, it is time to go over:

• Horizontal Separators and their application;

• Advantages and Disadvantages of Horizontal Separators;

• Vertical Separators and their application and

• Advantages and Disadvantages of Vertical Separators

You have got enough technical background about gravity separation starting from principles and techniques of separation, phase diagrams, flash calculation and selection criterion of separators. Now it is time to get into:

• - Common Operating Challenges when operating separators;

• - What is the impact of Paraffin as an operating challenge;

• - What is the impact of Sand particles as an operating challenge and

• - Common Separator Internals

You have acquired robust information about separators, their application areas, and the principle behind how they work. In this video, you will carefully work on the horizontal separator sizing and learn the sizing principle for separators by looking through:

• Sizing procedure and design parameters and

• Two main parameters for horizontal separator sizing

You have acquired robust information about separators, their application areas, and the principle behind how they work. In this video, you will carefully work on the horizontal separator sizing and learn the sizing principle for separators by looking through:

• The application of what you have learnt in previous session on a specific example

Since this course aims to deliver only needed and most significant topics for process engineers, there is no need for talking about the necessity of heat transfer. Heat transfer can help you to monitor the temperature change and transfer of heat between different mediums. This lesson is dedicated to:

• One of the heat transfer mechanism called "Conduction"

As you have gone through the first essential heat transfer mechanism, conduction, we can now move on to the second mechanism for heat transfer called "convection". Here in this lecture, you will learn about:

• What is Convection as a Heat Transfer Mechanism and

• How velocity profile is imposed externally on the system, when convection occurs

As you have gone through first two essential heat transfer mechanisms, conduction and convection, we can now move on to third one, called "radiation". This session aims to provide brief information about:

• What is Radiation as a Heat Transfer Mechanism and

• What is Thermal Radiation and its collaboration with Convection

Heat Transfer in practice does not undergo via only one mechanism, instead combination of two or three mechanisms occur in industry. This lesson is to provide practical knowledge about the combination of various heat transfer mechanisms by going over:

• What are the steps/mechanisms in heat-exchanger unit operation;

• How is overall heat transfer rate defined and

• What are the types of flow patterns in heat exchangers

The main heat transfer facilities are heat exchangers which have various types and work with different configurations to attain the desired amount of heat transfer mainly between two or more fluids. In this session, you will learn about:

• Heat transfer mechanism for heat exchangers;

• Various types of them and

• Which type is the most suitable one for industrial utilization and why?

In the previous video, you have learned about different types of heat exchangers and the reason why shell and tube heat exchangers are used more in industry. This lecture will give you brief information about:

• The importance of shell and tube heat exchangers;

• General guidelines about shell and tube sides of the heat exchanger and

• Several flow patterns and appropriate temperature profiles in the equipment

As you have completed the previous session and learned about importance of shell and tube heat exchangers, it would be significant to go over the common applications of this type in industry. Here in this video-lesson, you will learn about:

• Design standards that HX design is based on;

• Advantages of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers and

• Common Application Areas of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers

After going over the common applications of shell and tube heat exchangers, we can move on to common internals of this equipment. In this video, you will learn about:

• Internals of Shell and Tube Heat Exchangers;

• Arrangement of baffles and

• Tube Spacing for better heat transfer mechanism

Now it is time to collect what we have already learned: Heat or energy balance and heat exchangers. In this video, you will get into:

• The derivation of heat balance for heat exchangers;

• Example of LMTD calculation and

• Pinch analysis for exchanger networks

You have acquired robust information about heat exchangers, their application areas, and the principle behind how they work. In this video, you will:

• Carefully work on the shell & tube heat exchanger design and learn the sizing principle for heat exchangers;

• Learn about the factors that can affect heat transfer and

• Which configuration for heat exchanger internals can result in higher transfer rates

After looking through the essential steps for heat exchanger design, we can complete the course with effect of fouling and velocity on heat exchanger operation. In this video, you will get valuable knowledge on:

• What is fouling and how it affects the heat transfer rate and

• What is the impact of velocity on heat transfer rate