PCB Design And Manufacturing: The Complete Guide

The Proteus Design Suite is an Electronic Design Automation (EDA) tool including schematic capture, simulation and PCB Layout modules. It is developed in Yorkshire,England by Labcenter Electronics Ltd with offices in North America and
several overseas sales channels. The software runs on the Windows operating system.

Schematic capture in the Proteus Design Suite is used for both the simulation of designs and as the design phase of a PCB layout project. It is therefore a core component and is included with all product configurations.

The PCB Layout module is automatically given connectivity information in the form of a netlist from the schematic capture module. It applies this information, together with the user specified design rulesand various design automation tools, to assist with error free board design. Design Rule Checking does not include high speed design constraints. PCB's of up to 16 copper layers can be produced with design size limited by product configuration.

The 555 timer IC is an integrated circuit (chip) used in a variety of timer, pulse generation, and oscillator applications. The 555 can be used to provide time delays, as an oscillator, and as a flip-flop element.

We will use it in astable mode to turn on/off a LED

The term "copper pour" refers to an area on a printed circuit board filled with copper. Copper pour is commonly used to create a ground plane. Another reason for using copper pour is to reduce the amount of etching fluid used during manufacturing.

Bridges are your last resort when you can't make a trace between two pads without making a short circuit, So you use a wire and two vias instead.

The 3D Visualization module allows the board under development to be viewed in 3D together with a semi-transparent height plane that represents the boards enclosure. STEP output can then be used to transfer to mechanical CAD software such as Solidworks or Autodesk for accurate mounting and positioning of the board.

breadboard is a construction base for prototyping of electronics. Originally it was literally a bread board, a polished piece of wood used for slicing bread. In the 1970s the solderless breadboard (AKA plugboard, a terminal array board) became available and nowadays the term "breadboard" is commonly used to refer to these.

Because the solderless breadboard does not require soldering, it is reusable. This makes it easy to use for creating temporary prototypes and experimenting with circuit design. For this reason, solderless breadboards are also extremely popular with students and in technological education. Older breadboard types did not have this property. A stripboard (Veroboard) and similar prototyping printed circuit boards, which are used to build semi-permanent soldered prototypes or one-offs, cannot easily be reused. A variety of electronic systems may be prototyped by using breadboards, from small analog and digital circuits to complete central processing units (CPUs).

Using a laser printer, print the PCB design on a toner transfer paper -glossy paper-.

Using an iron apply some heat on the glossy paper for 2-3 minutes and after that soak the PCB in water.

Then Take the paper away from the PCB and you will notice that the ink has moved to the PCB from the paper.

Using FeCl3 because from the reaction equation of FeCl3 with Cu(copper) we will notice that the exposed copper reacts with the acid according to this equation: Cu+FeCl3=CuCl3+Fe

And after this step all what we will have left of the copper sheet is the tracks which were covered by ink, because the acid didn't react with the ink.

Using an electric driller, I'm going to drill the PCB in the component's places -pads- using 3 different drill bits.

• 0.7mm for resistors 
• 0.8mm for capacitors and diodes 
• 1mm for ICs

• Caution: A soldering iron can heat to around 400°C, which can burn you or start a fire, so use it carefully.
• Solder needs a clean surface on which to adhere.
  • Buff the copper foil of a PC board with steel wool before soldering.
  • Remove any oil, paint, wax, etc. with a solvent, steel wool, or fine sandpaper.
• To solder, heat the connection with the tip of the soldering iron for a few seconds, then apply the solder.
  • Heat the connection, not the solder.
  • Hold the soldering iron like a pen, near the base of the handle.
  • Both parts that are being soldered have to be hot to form a good connection.
• Keep the soldering tip on the connection as the solder is applied.
  • Solder will flow into and around well-heated connections.
  • Use just enough solder to form a strong connection.
• Remove the tip from the connection as soon as the solder has flowed where you want it to be. Remove the solder, then the iron.
• Don't move the connection while the solder is cooling.
• Don't overheat the connection, as this might damage the electrical component you are soldering.
  • Transistors and some other components can be damaged by heat when soldering. A crocodile clip can be used as a heat sink to protect these components.
• Soldering a connection should take just a few seconds.
  • If it is taking longer, see the troubleshooting section below.
• Inspect the joint closely. It should look shiny.
  • If you are soldering a wire (called the lead) onto a PC board (on the track), it should have a volcano shape. See Figure 3.
  • If the connection looks bad, reheat it and try again.
• Wipe the tip of the iron on a damp sponge to clean it. The tip should now be shiny.
• Unplug the soldering iron when it is not in use.

To Protect our power supply from a heavy current, we gonna need a 0.5 amper fuse connected in series before the transformer's 220VAC input wire.

Also a resistor-led combination is going to be used to act as an indicator to show when the power supply is on.