Launch the HFSS software from the desktop, navigate its menus and tabs, and use the project manager to set boundary conditions and meshing before starting a 3D geometry simulation.

Design a patch antenna in HFSS by centering the coordinate system, drawing substrate and patch boxes, and setting W_sub, L_sub, H_sub, W_patch, L_patch, and metal thickness.

Move the coordinate system, draw notches, and apply mirror, unite, and subtract operations in HFSS to modify the patch geometry, with parametric updates guiding the ground plane design.

Reset the coordinate system, draw and edit a box to form the ground plane using substrate width and length, then attach it to the substrate’s bottom to complete the geometry.

Assign the ground plane as PEC and finalize the antenna geometry. Configure HFSS with a 5.8 GHz analysis, a discrete frequency sweep 5–6.4 GHz, port definition, and airbox boundary conditions.

Set port impedance to 100 ohms and define an airbox radiation boundary with a farfield to view the antenna pattern. Unite patch and feed line to fix overlaps, then validate.

Review antenna results by analyzing the s11 parameter and resonance around 5.8 ghz, adjust frequency point density, and explore parametric sweep or optimization to refine dimensions.

Explore HFSS parametric sweep results for a 4×4 microstrip patch, showing how reducing w patch moves toward 5.8 GHz resonance, and switch from modal to terminal solution with lumped port.

Switch to terminal mode to speed up patch antenna analysis and compare S-parameters. Use parametric sweep and optimization to tune WPatch, LInset, Linset toward 5.8 GHz and negative 30 dB.

Design the geometry in HFSS by setting the coordinate origin, drawing the 100 ohm feed and patch with W and L, defining insets, and mirroring and uniting them before subtraction.

Use the HFSS line tool to draw the main feed line for the two patches as a four-segment polyline, set coordinates for feed 100 ohm and feed 50 ohm w/2.

Shift the coordinate system to design the second patch feed line arc section parametrically, then unite segments and apply a fillet to finalize microstrip patch 4×4 antenna geometry in HFSS.

Design and assemble a 4×4 microstrip patch array in Ansys HFSS, detailing second patch, substrate and ground geometry, spacing, insets, and the radiation box with simulation setup.

Configure an airbox around the patch, define a 100-ohm wave port on the YZ plane, set 5-6.6 GHz sweep with radiation boundaries, and validate and heal errors before running results.

Use parametric sweep to optimise a microstrip patch 4×4 array, tuning dimensions to resonate at 5.8 GHz and analysing S11 and realized gain patterns in the far field.

Convert the 2x1 patch to a 2x2 patch in HFSS by copying and mirroring shapes, then save as Patch 2x2 and adjust dimensions with mm units in relative coordinate system.

Measure patch spacing to exactly 40 mm and confirm center-to-center distances; route 100 ohm feeds with taper to 50 ohm, then back to 100 ohm and run the simulation.

Learn to convert a 2x2 patch array to a 2x4 microstrip array in Ansys HFSS by precise geometry duplication, 40 mm spacing, and proper feed and substrate setup.

Configure a 4×4 microstrip patch antenna in HFSS by setting up the port, ground plane, and radiation boundary, then run a parametric inset sweep and analyze S11 to guide adjustments.