p - block Elements Part - I

Extraction processes, purification and uses of Metals - Aluminum, Silicon and Lead

Created byVinay Arya

Last updated 5/2022

English

What you'll learn

The students will get a wide picture of Metallurgy.
The students will learn about strategic metals.
The students will have a deep knowledge about the extraction processes of Metals.
The students will know about the importance of metals like Aluminum and Silicon.

Course content

1 section • 12 lectures • 2h 10m total length

11.1. Contents of p - block Elements7:40
Explore the contents of the p-block elements, with focus on boron and carbon families, their physical and chemical properties, and key topics like carbon dioxide, silica, and silicones.
11.2. Properties of p - block Elements13:17
Explore the physical and chemical properties of B block (p-block) elements, including atomic radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, electronegativity, metallic character, oxidation states, and their diagonal relationships.
11.3. Boron Family10:42
Explore the boron family in group 13, featuring boron, aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium; boron is the only non-metal, while the rest are metals.
11.4. General Trends in Physical properties12:17
Explore the general trends in the physical properties of group 13 elements. Analyze melting and boiling points, atomic radii, ionization energy, electronegativity, density, and oxidation states across boron to thallium.
11.5. Group trends in Chemical properties11:27
11.6. Aluminium10:12
Aluminium, a group 13 element with three outer electrons, is extracted from bauxite via alumina purification and electrolysis, forming a passive oxide layer and enabling alloys and foil.
11.7. Properties of Aluminium7:12
Explore the physical and chemical properties of aluminium, including its malleability, conductivity, and protective oxide layer, and its reactions with water, air, acids, and alkalis and uses in alloys.
11.8. Carbon Family12:35
11.9. Catenation11:49
Explore carbon's remarkable ability to form long chains and polymers through catenation, including diamond, graphite, and fullerenes, with hydrocarbons and organometallic coordination compounds.
11.10. Dioxides7:18
Explore carbon dioxide, the dioxide of the carbon family, its formation and reactions with acids and bases. See carbonic acid formation in soft drinks and related carbonate reactions.
11.11. Silica (SiO2)12:51
Discover silica (SiO2) and silicates, from quartz and rock crystal to three-dimensional networks, alongside natural minerals, synthesis methods, and uses in glass, lenses, and drying agents.
11.12. Silicones13:25
Silicones are polymeric compounds with a repeating R2 unit, formed by hydrolyzing alcohol chlorosilanes into linear or cross-linked chains, and serve as sealants, greases, electrical insulators, and waterproofing materials.

Requirements

The child should have a clear concepts of Metals and Non metals.

Description

The right side of the periodic table having group number 13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 are known as p – block elements. These elements have 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 electrons in their outer most shell, respectively. The last electron of these groups’ elements

occupies the position in p – sub shell that is why these elements are called as p – block elements. Their general electronic configuration is ns2np1-6.

Some important properties of p-block

(1) Electron affinity

Electron affinity increases from left to right along the period amongst the p – block elements and it decreases from top to bottom. But group 15 is having exceptionally low values of electron affinity and is due to extra stability of exactly half filled orbitals in their valence shell. Similarly, elements of group 18 (noble gases) have zero affinities due to presence of complete octet which provides them stability.

(2) Metallic Character

The metallic character is governed by

(i) Size of atoms and

(ii) Ionization energy.

The elements having bigger size and low ionization energy has a greater metallic character. After combining both the above mentioned factors we observe that the elements with above two properties are located in left corner of p – block and strong non – metallic elements are located at right corner and a diagonal strip of elements separates thus two, having in between properties are called as metalloids.

Who this course is for:

For the Beginners and students of twelfth standard.