Organic Chemistry 1 - (Full Course)

Explore alkane nomenclature in organic chemistry by identifying the longest carbon chain, applying prefixes like methyl and ethyl, and using the lowest locants to name substituents.

Master the alkane nomenclature process: determine the longest chain, assign substituents (methyl, ethyl) and halogens, apply IUPAC rules, and use di/tri/tetra and alphabetical ordering.

Explore how alkyl halides form from alkanes via radical bromination, substituting the hydrogen on the most substituted carbon with bromine, and contrast SN2 and SN1 substitution mechanisms.

Apply a simple algorithm for alkyl halides by classifying reagents as metal negative charge or neutral, guiding SN2 or E2 versus SN1 or E1. Heat favors elimination (E1) over substitution.

Explore how alkyl halides undergo elimination to form a double bond, focusing on E2 mechanisms, partial charges, and the lone-pair to bond steps.

Explore alkyl halides' stereochemistry through SN2 and SN1 mechanisms, highlighting backside attack, inversion, and E2 elimination with wedge and dash representations.

Practice predicting alkyl halide reaction products using electronegativity trends, identify nucleosome? nucleophile and electrophile, and master substitution and E2 elimination through focused, problem-solving strategies.

Learn an algorithm for alkyl halides to identify primary, secondary, and tertiary patterns and decide SN1, SN2, E1, or E2 using a chart, with Williamson ether synthesis context.

Practice questions on alkyl halides explore SN2, SN1, E2, and E1 mechanisms; distinguish primary and secondary carbons and use the reaction algorithm to determine substitution or elimination.

Explore how alkyl halides undergo sn1, sn2, and e1 reactions, focusing on carbocation rearrangements via hydride and alkyl shifts to form more stable carbocations and predict products.

Celebrate finishing week two and starting week three in Organic Chemistry 1, and keep up the great work. Watch the next video to continue your progress in alkenes.

Explore how alkenes act as both nucleophiles and electrophiles. Trace the alkane to alkene synthesis sequence through alkane, alkyl halide, and resonance-based reasoning.

This lecture shows how to simplify alkene reactions with the H2O method, building three reagent groups (halogens, oxygens, hydrogens) and targeted lists, including markovnikov vs anti-markovnikov and cis/trans.

Explore alkene reactivity as both nucleophile and electrophile, focusing on hydration via acid-catalyzed addition of water across the double bond, with carbocation stability guiding the most substituted carbon.

Explore how the acid-catalyzed hydration of alkenes proceeds via water addition, carbocation rearrangements, and hydride shifts, highlighting the hydronium-driven mechanism and subsequent nucleophilic attack by water.

Practice drawing reaction arrows and step-by-step mechanisms for alkenes, including carbocation shifts and acid-catalyzed hydration, to sharpen problem-solving and mechanistic fluency in organic chemistry.

Explore how alkenes react with acids and halogens through carbocation stability and Markovnikov versus anti-Markovnikov rules, using resonance and electronegativity trends to predict product formation.

Demonstrates bromination of alkenes, forming a trans product via a bromonium ion and SN2 inversion; compares bromine alone with bromine in water, highlighting stereochemistry.

Explore oxymercuration-demercuration of alkenes, compare Hg2+ water addition with bromonium-ion pathways, and explain why no carbocation rearrangement occurs, followed by the NABH4-driven reduction.

Learn epoxidation of alkenes to form a stable three-membered epoxide (oxirane) using m-cpba, H2O2, or CH3CO2H, with stepwise mechanism and stereochemical considerations.

Dive into alkenes with hydroboration-oxidation, an anti-markovnikov, syn-addition that installs boron then oxygen to form alcohols. Understand the mechanism steps, reagent roles (h2o2 and naoh) and how stereochemistry is set.

Master the syn dihydroxylation of alkenes using osmium tetroxide or potassium permanganate in water to add two hydroxyl groups on the same side.

Explore ozonolysis of alkenes using ozone to cleave double bonds into carbonyl-containing fragments, using the rip-and-add method and recognizing syn addition.

Explore hydrohalogenation of alkynes with HBr or HCl, adding one or two equivalents to form alkenes and beyond. See that alkynes react like alkenes via a substitution-based, nucleophile–electrophile mechanism.

Learn bromination of alkynes with Br2, focusing on one equivalent producing a trans three-membered ring product. Understand how equivalents influence stereochemistry and product distribution with excess bromine.

Explain acid-catalyzed addition of water across a terminal alkyne using mercury catalyst and h3o+, comparing it to similar alkene reactions, and show how tautomerization to keto-enol forms the ketone.

Explore hydroboration-oxidation of alkynes, comparing terminal and internal alkynes, anti-markovnikov vs markovnikov outcomes, highlighting syn addition and enol tautomerization to ketones or aldehydes.

Explore alkynes, including terminal alkynes, and how HBR equivalents drive Markovnikov outcomes. Deprotonate with NaNH2 to form a nucleophile, then alkylate with alkyl halides via SN2 or E2.

Explore hydrogenation of alkynes: complete reduction to alkanes with h2 and Pd/C, selective cis formation with Lindlar catalyst, and trans alkene via sodium in liquid ammonia.

Master a synthesis approach in organic chemistry by tracing functional-group transformations from alkane to alkyl halide to alkene to di alkyl halide to alkyne, and compare forward synthesis and retrosynthesis.

Classify reagents for alkynes using halogen, oxygen, hydrogen, and base in the water method, covering Markovnikov and anti-Markovnikov additions, enol tautomerization, and terminal/di-terminal alkynes.

Explore how epoxides react under acidic versus basic conditions, revealing how basic attack targets the least substituted carbon and acid catalysis favors the more substituted carbon to form trans products.

Explore epoxides through practice questions, applying nucleophile and electrophile concepts under basic and acidic conditions, to predict SN2 opening products and inversion.

Practice the mechanism of epoxide opening under acidic conditions, protonating the oxygen, guiding water attack to open the ring, and deprotonating to regenerate the acid and form the final product.

Identify whether an epoxide undergoes base-promoted ring opening, with a nucleophile attack on the epoxide carbon, followed by protonation under basic conditions.

Learn how to form alcohols: hydrate alkenes via acid-catalyzed hydration or oxymercuration-demercuration, and reduce carbonyls with hydride reagents or Grignard additions.

Explore oxidation of alcohols with Jones reagent and PCC, identifying primary, secondary, and tertiary cases and noting primary to carboxylic acids or aldehydes, secondary to ketones, and tertiary no reaction.

Explore the Williamson ether synthesis as an SN2 reaction between alcohols and alkyl halides using sodium hydride, noting methyl or primary substrates favor SN2 and secondary substrates cause E2.