Open Channel Hydraulics

Examine velocity distribution in open channels, with near-zero bed velocity and surface maximum. Identify factors shaping it, such as boundary roughness, configuration, laminar or turbulent flow, and obstructions.

analyze gravity, friction, and pressure forces that drive flow motion in open channels, using cross-sectional area, centroid height, and hydraulic radius.

Open channel design uses Manning and Chazy equations to compute discharge and velocity, and identifies the best hydraulics section for maximum discharge with the same cross-sectional area.

Explore solved examples in open channel hydraulics, computing normal depth and velocity for rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, and circular sections using Manning's equation, with hydraulic mean depth and flow regime analyses.

Explains shear distribution in open channel flow, including tractive force and critical shear stress. Shows how channel geometry and discharge calculations, including Manning’s equation, guide designing a stable trapezoidal cross-section.

Apply the energy principle in open channels to derive specific energy, critical depth and flow, and alternate depths for constant discharge, using Bernoulli in rectangular and nonrectangular sections.

Explore solved examples on energy principle and open channel hydraulics. Compute critical depths, minimum energy, and flow conditions for rectangular channels, including contractions, a hump, and critical velocity.

Explore hydraulic jump in open channels, where flow transitions from supercritical to subcritical, with conjugate depths y1 and y2, energy loss delta e, and practical calculations for rectangular sections.

Open channel hydraulics: examine gradually varied flow, including steady uniform conditions, slope classifications (mild, steep, horizontal, adverse), and flow regimes (subcritical, critical, supercritical) with M, S, C, and H profiles.

Analyze water surface profiles over weirs by computing normal and critical depths, locating control sections, and applying Ogier and sharp crested weir equations to determine delta x and flow regime.

Analyze a long rectangular channel with a weir, computing normal depth y_n via Manning's equation, critical depth y_critical, and conjugate depths for a hydraulic jump.

Sketch the water surface profile for a barrage and analyze upstream and downstream cases using normal depth, critical depth, subcritical and supercritical flow, and hydraulic jumps.

Explore water surface profiles in open channels, computing upstream and downstream depths at a barrage using Manning equation, and classify flow regimes by normal and critical depths and hydraulic jump.

Analyze water surface profile for free outfall in a three-outfall case, compute normal depth and critical depth, classify flow as subcritical or critical, and determine delta x for m2 curve.