Organic Chemistry: Spectroscopy Master Class

Discover how to differentiate carboxylic acids from alcohols using IR spectroscopy, focusing on the broad O-H stretch and the diagnostic carbonyl peak around 1728 cm-1.

Compare carboxylic acids and esters by analyzing diagnostic peaks in spectra, including the broad O–H stretch and carbonyl band near 1750 cm⁻¹, to distinguish these groups.

Learn to differentiate ketones from alkenes by analyzing overlapping carbonyl and C=C stretches in IR spectra, then use the sp2 C–H stretch around 3100 cm-1 to confirm.

Reveal aldehydes by the carbonyl peak near 1720 cm-1 and the aldehyde C-H stretches around 2900 cm-1, plus a diagnostic 28/27 hundred cm-1 doublet that differentiates from ketones and esters.

Master the theory and practice of mass spectrometry and spectroscopy. Learn how charged ions reveal molecular weight and distinguish brominated from chlorinated compounds using M over Z values.

Analyze mass spectra to approximate molecular formulas using carbon 12, hydrogen 1, and oxygen 16; explore alkanes and oxygen-containing variants to identify plausible formulas.

Explore how carbon isotopes shape mass spectra to determine molecular formulas. Use C-12 and C-13 abundances, M and M+1 peaks, and correction factors to infer carbon count and alkane formulas.

Explore how ethers fragment in mass spectrometry, detailing heterolytic and homolytic cleavage pathways, predicting key peaks such as m/z 88, 43, 29, and 73.

This lecture shows how to predict the number of peaks in NMR spectra by identifying unique hydrogen environments, including CH2 equivalence, and using mirror plane equivalence with chloroform and TMS.

Predict the number of unique hydrogen NMR peaks by applying rotation and mirror symmetry to identify equivalent hydrogen sets across ketone, ether, and chlorinated molecules.

Engage in combo practice to apply all NMR spectroscopy skills—predict peak counts, shifts, integrations, and splitting for diverse molecules, including carboxylic acids and ethers.

Master how J coupling shapes propyl group signals, predicting triplets, doublets, and sextets with Pascal's triangle, while noting long-range coupling and the N+1 rule.

Explains j3 coupling in alkenes, showing cis around 10 hz and larger trans values than alkanes, and illustrates germinal coupling and splitting patterns among hydrogen sets a, b, and c.

Explore funky splitting patterns on chiral sp3 carbons, where two-bond (2J) couplings can dominate and non-equivalent hydrogens produce doublet of doublets, explained via Newman projections and mirror planes.

Discover how carbon NMR chemical shifts map peaks to carbon types, from carbonyls in the 150–230 ppm region to sp3 carbons in 0–50 ppm, with regions treated as guides.

Analyze how to combine 1H NMR, IR, and MS data to identify starting material and product in a substitution (SN2) reaction, including bromine and nitrogen signatures.

Learn to deduce a molecular structure using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, and MS data when no molecular formula is given, using mass peaks and carbonyl cues.

Learn to fuse 1h nmr, 13c nmr, ir, and ms data from the final example to deduce a chlorine-containing carbonyl molecule, determine carbon count, and identify a chiral center.