Next JS: The Complete Developer's Guide

Continue with the initial project setup by simplifying the global.css file and streamlining the page.tsx to display just the "home page" text. Then, start building the 'Create Snippet' page to allow users to submit new code snippets at the designated route 'snippets/new' in the Next.js application, with a clear directory structure.

Learn to create a form in Next.js that connects to a SQLite database using Prisma. Delve into setting up a Prisma client within a Next.js application, allowing for creation, editing, and deletion of records, demonstrated through building a snippet-saving feature. Discover how to structure database functionality in a dedicated directory for streamlined database operations.

Learn to construct a snippet creation form using TypeScript and Tailwind CSS within a Next.js application. The course covers form elements, styling with Tailwind classes, handling input fields, and text areas to facilitate user entries. Also, examine the default form behavior in the browser and prepare for integrating server actions with form submissions.

Explore the implementation of server actions in Next.js to manipulate data within an application. Learn to create new records in a database using Prisma client, and dive into specifics like handling form submissions, validating form data, and redirecting users after successful data operations. Discover the special integration of server actions with HTML forms and TypeScript considerations for form data entry values.

Dive into the differences between traditional React applications and the Next.js framework. Explore the distinct execution environments for the code—some runs in the browser, while some stays on the server, like server actions. Understand the process of submitting a form, where code execution shifts from the browser to the Next.js server, and grasp the importance of recognizing the execution context of the code.

Unveil the nuanced differences between server components and client components in Next.js applications. This segment introduces the concept of server components, their optimized integration with NextJS, and how they use async/await for fetching data without hooks like useState or useEffect. Learn when to favor server components to enhance performance and the compelling reasons to employ client components for hooks and event handlers.

Explore the use of server components in Next.js for efficient data fetching. Learn to create and configure a server component, utilize Prisma client for database queries, and render a list of data directly in a component. This walkthrough demonstrates fetching from a database without an HTTP request and outputting the data within the Next.js framework.

Explore the process of expanding the Next.js application to include viewing, deleting, and editing snippets. Learn to create new pages that dynamically fetch data from the database based on the snippet ID passed in the URL, using Next.js dynamic routes. Discover how to capture URL parameters within components and the key steps to set up data fetching for individual items.

Explore server-side data fetching with Next.js by creating async server components and interfacing with a database using a tailored query. Learn how to define TypeScript interfaces for structured props, handle data retrieval with database queries, and implement error handling for nonexistent data using the Next.js 'not found' function for user redirection to a custom 404 page.

Discover how to personalize the 404 'not-found' page in a Next.js application by creating a custom not-found.tsx component. Learn the significance of specially named files within the app folder and the hierarchal logic Next.js uses to display the appropriate not-found component based on directory structure. Explore handling of common use cases with dedicated components for loading and error states.

Discover how to enhance the user experience in Next.js applications by implementing a loading component. This tutorial covers the creation of the `loading.tsx` file and exporting a component that displays a loading indicator while server components fetch data, along with adding an artificial delay to simulate data fetching lag for testing the loading state effectively.

Enhance the user experience in a Next.js application by adding navigation links with the Link component from 'next/link'. Learn how to style these links for improved layout and user interaction, ensuring users can navigate to view individual snippets or create new ones, while maintaining a clean and organized code structure with proper use of JSX and helper files.

Learn to create a user-friendly view snippet page with styled headers, edit and delete options, and syntax-highlighted code blocks in Next.js. Master the styling techniques within the 'app snippets ID page.tsx' file, utilizing Tailwind CSS classes for a polished layout and preparing the groundwork to add interactive functionality to buttons.

Explore how to implement dynamic routing in Next.js by creating an Edit Snippet page that responds to user navigation to paths containing snippet IDs. Discover the process of handling wildcard parameters and converting them from strings to numbers, and learn how to use the Next.js 'Link' component to seamlessly navigate users to the correct edit page.

Explore advanced Next.js concepts by delving into a complex file dealing with various functionalities such as data fetching, displaying a dedicated code editor with React Monaco Editor, and handling data updates. Understand the necessity of async server components for fetching and preparing data, coupled with client components for interactive elements that require hooks and event handlers. Learn to integrate, pass down data as props, and set up the necessary environment to render these components efficiently.

Enhance the editor component in Next.js by adding an onChange prop to capture user input. Address the nuances of TypeScript when dealing with potential 'undefined' values, ensuring the proper handling of editor changes. Demonstrate the use of the useState hook from React to maintain state within a client component, in preparation for future server action integration.

Learn how to save changes to a code snippet in a Next.js snippet edit form by using server actions. Understand the limitations of defining server actions within client components and explore two strategies to circumvent them: passing server actions from parent server components or defining them in a separate actions.ts file for better organization and code reuse.

Explore the process of separating server actions from client components in Next.js applications. Learn to create a dedicated 'actions' directory and an 'index.ts' file, where server directives and database interactions using Prisma are defined. Discover patterns for importing server actions into client components, such as using the edit snippet action within a snippet edit form.

Explore different methods for invoking server actions from client components in Next.js. Delve into the intricacies of using state rather than form elements to pass data to server actions, leveraging JavaScript's bind function to streamline the process. Additionally, examine an alternative technique that employs the startTransition function for non-form user interactions, ensuring data sync before navigation. Decide which approach aligns best with unique project requirements, keeping in mind the traditional React patterns and scenarios where JavaScript may be disabled in the browser.

Learn to execute the first option for updating data in a Next.js application by wiring up a server action with Prisma. Explore how to handle necessary arguments in server actions using `bind` to preload server action functions with arguments like snippet IDs and code strings. Enhance the snippet edit form to invoke these functions and use Prisma to update the snippet in the database, followed by redirecting users with `next/navigation`.

Explore the implementation of a delete functionality in a Next.js application. The video covers the creation of a new server action using Prisma to delete database records and illustrates the process of redirecting users post-deletion. Learn to integrate server actions with UI components, utilizing form data and the `bind` function to ensure proper argument passing to server-side logic.

Explore form validation in Next.js for server-rendered forms that work without JavaScript in the user's browser, using the `useFormState` hook from React DOM library. Learn how to handle form validation and error messaging between server actions and page components to ensure a robust user experience.

Explore the process of refactoring a Next.js page to utilize the `useFormState` hook for a client component and migrate server actions to a centralized file for better organization. Learn how to handle form state and server actions, including type annotations for form state properties, and observe the seamless functionality even when JavaScript is disabled.

Explore the implementation of validation in a Next.js server action file. Learn to improve form data integrity by manually validating string inputs like 'title' and 'code', ensuring they meet specific length requirements. Understand how to return informative error messages, re-render components server-side, and style the UI to display these messages clearly to users.

Learn advanced error handling techniques in Next.js, particularly when dealing with server actions and database operations. Discover how to gracefully handle errors like validation failures and database connection issues. Explore creating a custom error.tsx file for global error state representation and the proper usage of try-catch blocks in server actions to return informative error messages without disrupting the user experience.

Discover the crucial steps for preparing a Next.js application for production by simulating a deployment on a local machine. Learn how to build the project with npm run build, analyze the output to understand routes, and start the server in production mode using npm run start to observe how application behavior changes significantly from development mode.

Explore the challenges of caching in Next.js, specifically when dealing with dynamic data on static routes. Understand the implications of Next.js's full route cache for production builds and how it can lead to stale data without proper configuration. Learn the necessity of adjusting the caching strategy for a real-time, data-driven home page and the steps to address it in future modules.

Explore how Next.js distinguishes between static and dynamic routes based on specific criteria such as cookie modifications, query strings, and dynamic paths. Delve into the use of npm run build to identify route types, the significance of lambda and circle symbols, and methods like force dynamic to alter route behavior. Upcoming discussions will cover updating cached static routes as data changes.

Dive into optimizing Next.js applications by understanding the intricacies of cache control. Explore three methods to manage static page rendering: time-based caching with `revalidate`, on-demand cache control via `revalidatePath`, and completely disabling caching for dynamic data requirements. Learn appropriate use cases for each technique to ensure updated content delivery without sacrificing performance benefits of caching.

Learn how to implement on-demand cache control in Next.js using the revalidate path function from next/cache to ensure up-to-date content. Explore the decision process of when to retain cached pages or re-render them, with examples such as not needing to refresh the cache after editing a code snippet, versus revalidating the homepage on snippet creation or deletion to reflect updated content accurately. Revalidate path enables selective cache invalidation, balancing speed and content freshness.

Explore the technique of enabling caching for dynamic pages in Next.js applications. Learn to use `getStaticPaths` with the `generateStaticParams` function to pre-render and cache dynamic routes at build time by fetching necessary data from a database, optimizing page load speeds despite initial dynamic nature.

Explore the setup of `generateStaticParams` for static generation in Next.js, handling dynamic routes in the snippets show page. Learn to fetch data from a database, map ID values to string types to avoid type errors, and implement on-demand cache management to ensure that edited content is properly updated without sacrificing the speed of cached pages.

Introduce three powerful libraries to enhance the NextJS application: Prisma for database access, Next UI for styled component integration with Tailwind CSS, and NextAuth (auth.js) for comprehensive authentication management. Emphasize the streamlined process of using SQLite for database interaction and GitHub OAuth for user authentication. Prepare for detailed setup instructions for each library to follow.

Dive into the initial Prisma setup for a Next.js application, including installing and initializing the Prisma client library. Replace the auto-generated schema.prisma with a pre-constructed file to define database models for SQLite. Conclude with creating the database via Prisma migrations and setting up the Prisma client for database operations within the application.

The video elaborates on setting up authentication in a Next.js project, guiding through the creation of an auth.ts file which will centralize all authentication utilities. It covers the integration of NextAuth with GitHub OAuth and Prisma Adapter for user information storage and management within a SQL Lite database accessed via the Prisma client. The session highlights the configuration of environment variables, handling potential TypeScript errors, and preparing exportable handlers for sign-in and sign-out processes.

Explore implementing OAuth authentication in Next.js by setting up API route handlers for GitHub's sign-in flow. Delve into the OAuth process, understanding user redirection, and how NextAuth.js uses access tokens and cookies to securely manage user sessions. Learn to configure route handlers that GitHub servers can interact with to authenticate users.

Explore the creation of server actions in a NextJS application to manage user authentication state, such as sign in and sign out processes. Learn how to encapsulate these actions within a clearly defined file structure, providing clarity for team collaboration and ease of understanding authentication manipulation within the project.

Explore the essentials of user authentication in NextJS by learning to sign in/out users, authenticate on both server and client components, and handle OAuth authorization. Discover how to create forms that trigger authentication actions, verify user sessions, and share session data across client components using Next.js's context system and the `useSession` hook.

Dive into the intricacies of designing a robust Next.js application, addressing the challenges presented by the full route cache mechanism. This overview of an upfront design process emphasizes identifying routes, wildcard paths, and associated data, using mockups to map out a clear data structure to streamline production deployments and revalidation strategies.

Explore the creation of path helper functions in Next.js to streamline route management. Learn their importance for medium to large projects, ensuring consistent path references and simplifying future route updates. Emphasize the benefits of readability, TypeScript validation, and efficiency in updating link components and revalidate path calls.

Learn how to create path helpers in Next.js for efficient route management. The paths.ts file is introduced to hold functions that generate URLs for different components in the application, including home, topic display, post creation, and post display, with flexibility to add more as needed. The approach simplifies navigation and revalidation across the app.

Dive into setting up the foundational routing structure for a Next.js application by creating essential folders and page.tsx files based on previously defined routes. Establish a navigable framework to prevent 404 errors while constructing a file system for topic display pages, new post forms, and individual post views, ensuring a smooth developer experience when expanding the application's architecture.

Discover the process of identifying areas in a Next.js application where data changes occur, such as form submissions, and learn to create specific server action functions for these data manipulations. Explore efficient code organization by creating robust form handling and error management, and understand the benefits of file structuring for scalable server actions in NextJS.

Explore cache revalidation strategies in Next.js to ensure up-to-date content delivery. Learn how to decide which paths require revalidation after server actions, contrast time-based and on-demand revalidation methods, and implement comments as reminders to call the revalidate function for dynamic routes. This step prevents serving stale data to users and enables efficient data updates.

Explore the process of building and iterating a complex header component in Next.js, beginning with basic features like navigation links, search input, and GitHub OAuth-based sign in/sign up buttons. Learn about potential challenges such as component size and caching, consider when to refactor into smaller components, and understand how to manage authentication state asynchronously.

Enhance the header component in Next.js by dynamically displaying sign in and sign out buttons or a user profile image based on authentication status. Explore efficient ways to handle JSX rendering with React nodes and conditional logic, and implement user interaction elements with avatar components and navbar items. Address TypeScript type errors with suitable defaults to ensure seamless user experience.

Explore practical integration of server actions in Next.js by implementing user sign-in and sign-out functionalities. Learn to handle user authentication by leveraging server-side actions inside forms, and utilize Next UI components like Popover to create an intuitive interface for session control. Discover potential issues with caching mechanisms like the full route cache when dealing with dynamic user data.

Explore the nuances of caching in Next.js, focusing on the tradeoff between static and dynamic pages and the conditions that differentiate them. Delve into testing the application's build output to determine page types and uncover how authentication practices, particularly cookie modification, may inadvertently set pages as dynamic, challenging the preference for static rendering for performance gains. Consider strategies for effectively utilizing authentication while still leveraging static caching.

Uncover how to leverage client components in Next.js for authentication to enable static rendering of pages at build time. Learn to segregate cookie handling by moving authentication logic from a shared header to a client-side Header Auth component, utilizing the `useSession` hook from `next-auth/react` for session management, allowing for a static homepage without server-side dynamic dependencies.

Uncover the process of enhancing a Next.js application by introducing the ability to create new topics, complete with rigorous form validation integrated within server actions. Delve into the development of a 'New Topic' button complemented by a form featuring validation feedback, and explore organizing components within the project's structure for better maintainability.

Explore the process of creating a user-interactive form in Next.js by integrating a button that triggers a popover with a basic form. Learn to utilize Next UI library components such as Input, TextArea, and Button to craft a 'Create Topic' form, and prepare to incorporate server-side actions for form submission and data creation.

Explore the process of handling form submissions in Next.js by setting up form elements with name attributes and extracting their data in server actions. Learn to implement comprehensive validation using a third-party library, ensuring users provide valid input and displaying errors to prompt corrections when necessary.

Explore form validation in Next.js by integrating a custom hook called `useFormState` with the Zod validation library. Learn how to define initial states, handle user submissions, and display relevant error messages in the UI when validation fails, using JSX to render feedback directly beneath form fields.

Explore the process of adding form state management to Next.js components using the `useFormState` hook from React DOM. Learn how form state flows between client components and server actions, ensuring the consistency of object types and state values across the React component lifecycle. Uncover solutions to common TypeScript errors encountered when types mismatch during form state implementation.

Learn to coordinate complex TypeScript types across different parts of a Next.js application. Understand how to structure form state objects and define types that account for varying validation scenarios. Discover how to ensure type safety by returning compatible objects from server actions and aligning the initial state in custom hooks with the defined types.

Explore form validation techniques in Next.js applications, focusing on handling error states within forms. Learn to display validation errors to users using both standard methods and the built-in error display functionalities of Next UI components by setting props like `isInvalid` and `errorMessage` for a seamless user experience. Apply these validation patterns throughout server actions for consistency across the project.

Learn to handle non-field-specific validation errors in Next.js applications by adding an `_form` property to the form state. Explore error handling for scenarios like unauthenticated user actions and database failures, and improve user feedback with appropriate error messages and enhanced UI styling using Tailwind CSS classes.

Learn how to save validated form data into a database using NextJS server action files and TypeScript. This includes adding topic creation functionality with Prisma, handling redirection with Next's navigation tools, and managing errors during the form submission process. The video also covers database revalidation for content updates and explores robust error handling for a seamless user experience.

Explore the implementation of user feedback in Next.js forms by introducing a delay in server actions to emulate a real-world scenario. Learn how to utilize the `useFormStatus` hook from React DOM to show a loading spinner, informing users that their submission is being processed. Discover how to create a reusable `FormButton` component that dynamically displays a spinner based on the form's submission status.

Explore the creation of the TopicList component in Next.js, where a database query is utilized to fetch and list topics with stylized, clickable elements using the NextUI library and the path helper functions for navigation. Learn to integrate server-side data fetching using async functions and TypeScript to dynamically generate user-interactable lists on the application's homepage.

Discover how to create a detailed page for individual topics in Next.js by setting up a layout that includes a title, post listings related to the topic, and a reusable form for post creation. Learn to manage dynamic routing with `slug` parameters to associate posts with their respective topics, and implement page props with TypeScript for robust type checking.

Explore building a form within a NextJS application by duplicating previous create functionalities with slight modifications. Delve into the creation of a `PostCreateForm` component in the posts directory, importing necessary hooks from React, UI components from Next UI, and implementing a reusable form button to handle submissions and display a loading state. Focus on client-side rendering and real-time testing for iterative development.

Dive into server-side validations in Next.js by configuring a post creation form to handle submissions. Learn to validate form data using the zod library and handle errors by connecting server actions with the `useFormState` hook in Next.js components. Explore the implementation of schemas for data validation, and UI adjustments for displaying validation errors to ensure robust user input handling before integrating with Prisma and the database layer.

Enhance the CreatePost server action in Next.js by incorporating user authentication checks. If a user is not logged in, return a custom error message early using form validation techniques and display the error using JSX in the form component to ensure secure post submissions.

Explore the process of creating a post in a Next.js application by understanding the database structure involving posts, users, and topics, and the relationships between them. Learn the challenge of handling non-form data, like topic slugs, and how to manage it with TypeScript interfaces and the `useFormState` hook to pass additional data to server actions.

Explore handling server-side operations in Next.js by implementing a try-catch block for post creation with user feedback on errors. Learn to use server actions for data manipulation, including creating posts with title, content, and user linkage. Understand error handling for anticipated and unexpected errors, and the process for revalidating pages with Next.js's incremental static regeneration feature.

Dive into improving component implementation by incorporating and resolving issues within the almost completed components provided, rather than starting from scratch. Learn to integrate essential files like 'next config.js' into the project and how to solve common problems when merging directories to ensure smooth continuation of the NextJS build. Avoid overwriting crucial content by following specific steps for file integration, applicable across different operating systems.

Explore the challenges of data fetching in Next.js by addressing TypeScript errors in the `PostList` component. The session delves into evaluating different design patterns for fetching data, weighing the pros and cons of each. Understand the implications of fetching at the page versus child component level, and analyze how to avoid n+1 query issues for efficient data retrieval and component performance.

Explore the subtle performance impacts and considerations of data fetching in parent components within Next.js applications. Dive into scenarios that may lead to over-fetching from the database, especially when aiming for reusable components, and how this can result in minor performance issues. Additionally, examine the trade-offs of making child components reusable, which might lead to slightly duplicative queries or the need to manually define complex interfaces for types when data structures evolve.

Delve into a hybrid data fetching approach known as option 1.5 in Next.js, which combines the reusability of child components with efficient page load speed. This methodology involves creating dedicated query functions with type annotations for database access, integrating a fetch function prop in child components, and allowing parent components to specify data retrieval functions, thereby optimizing performance and component flexibility.

Delve into setting up query functions with Next.js and Typescript, creating a new host query file for a post list component. Learn how to define types with Prisma, write query functions, and include additional data, ensuring no TypeScript errors. Master the process of importing the type into a component, handling asynchronous fetch operations, and employing query functions in parent components to manage data fetching in child components.

Explore different naming conventions for types in TypeScript within a Next.js environment, understanding the importance of clarity and organization for types returned from queries. Discover techniques to automatically generate complex types, leveraging the TypeScript utility type, ReturnType, to avoid manual specification for those not deeply familiar with TypeScript. Choose between manual and automated type definitions to streamline development practices.

Explore the implementation of 'post show' and 'post show page' components in Next.js, showcasing how to fetch and display post details from a database. Learn about the distinction between components designed for single-use versus those intended for reuse, and witness a practical demonstration of data fetching without overcomplicating the component for unnecessary reusability.

Explore the seamless integration of the pre-built 'comment create form' to the post show page, enhancing the Next.js application with user interaction capabilities. Discover how it leverages existing form techniques, ensuring validation and user authentication without additional coding. Up next, delve into the 'comment list' and its novel features within Next.js.

Explore the creation and functionality of recursive components within Next.js, using the example of nested comments. Gain an understanding of how to structure and share data across an entire component hierarchy, and prepare to delve into two data-sharing strategies, including a classic approach and an innovative Next.js feature.

Explore the integration of data fetching for comments in a Next.js application. Delve into the practical implementation of fetching comments by post ID through constructing a `comments.ts` file, defining a new `CommentWithAuthor` type, and leveraging the props system to distribute data across components. Understand the enhancements to TypeScript types to include additional user information for a comprehensive comment display.

Explore a new feature in Next.js through a practical refactor of the current data fetching approach. The video covers transitioning from a prop-based comment list to individual components directly calling a `fetchCommentsByPostId` query function. Learn to identify and address the inefficiency of multiple database queries and improve performance using a specific Next.js optimization.

Refactor the post show page in the Next.js framework by changing how post IDs are handled. Learn to pass the post ID to child components to enable efficient query function calls for comments. Understand the disadvantages of calling the query function multiple times and prepare to implement a caching system to de-duplicate queries and optimize performance.

Delve into enhancing application performance in Next.js with request memoization to prevent duplicate database requests. Uncover the workings of Next.js's request memoization caching system, which eliminates redundant function calls by caching the results. Learn how this optimization can be applied not only to fetch requests but also to database queries, ensuring efficient data retrieval without unnecessary database load.

Optimize performance by learning to memoize database queries in NextJS. Discover how to refactor a function to an arrow function and utilize React's cache function to ensure a function runs once despite multiple calls with identical arguments. This technique de-duplicates requests and conserves database querying resources, showcased through a practical example of fetching comments by post ID.

Explore the utilization of the React Suspense component to improve perceived load times on the post-show page within a Next.js application. Delve into the differences in server-side rendering with Suspense, enabling content streaming and incremental loading indicators that allow users to view content faster, enhancing the user experience.

Explore how to enhance user experience with content streaming in React by utilizing the Suspense component. Delay the rendering of the PostShow component to simulate a loading scenario. Learn to wrap this component with Suspense to enable other page content to load instantly, demonstrating a more responsive interface while waiting for server-rendered HTML.

Explore the implementation of a loading skeleton in NextJS to improve user experience during content load times. Learn to use the @nextui-org/react's skeleton component to create placeholder gray boxes, delivering a smoother visual transition until the actual content is ready, avoiding abrupt page changes and enhancing the overall user experience.

Discover how to create a dynamic home page in Next.js that displays the top posts from various topics. Learn to integrate a custom query function with the reusable post list component. The tutorial details crafting a query to fetch top posts by comment count with Prisma and how to include necessary post details, culminating in the seamless display of sorted posts on the home page.

Explore the development of a search input feature in Next.js by extracting it into a standalone `search-input.tsx` component. Learn how to structure components for scalability and incorporate logic seamlessly as the search functionality evolves to include a dedicated search page that filters posts by query terms.

Explore the implementation of a persistent search input in Next.js that mimics Wikipedia's functionality, utilizing query strings to maintain search results and input state across page refreshes and new tabs. Learn how to handle query strings in server and client components, including the use of the `useSearchParams` hook, while being mindful of caching considerations and build-time implications.

Learn to enhance Next.js applications by enabling search functionality that reflects the query string parameters in the UI. Explore using the `useSearchParams` hook from 'next/navigation' to extract parameters from the URL and use them to set the default value of a search input, ensuring the component is client-side rendered to utilize hooks effectively. Address TypeScript type mismatches for a seamless integration.

Learn to redirect user searches with a server action in Next.js, enhancing the search input to function without JavaScript by handling form submissions via server-side logic. Discover the process of extracting query parameters from form data and utilizing the 'redirect' feature from 'next/navigation' to navigate to a dynamic search route.

Explore the creation of a new search feature using Next.js, starting with the setup of a 'search' route. Delve into the construction of a 'search page' component with TypeScript to parse and validate query string parameters. In this context, discover how to leverage search parameters to fetch and display relevant posts, while also implementing redirection for cases with no search term.

Explore how to extend the functionality of a Next.js app by implementing a search feature. Learn to construct a Prisma query for fetching posts by search terms from a database and integrating it with the post list component, while adhering to consistent naming conventions and ensuring the inclusion of necessary relational data. Additionally, touch upon the importance of using suspense with client components which use search params.

Learn how to address a common Next.js build warning related to client-side rendering and `useSearchParams`. Gain understanding of why the hook doesn't execute server-side and how wrapping a component in Suspense resolves the issue, allowing server rendering up to the suspenseful component and deferring the rest to the client.

Explore the key takeaways from building a Next.js application, like designing server actions in advance for efficiency, the importance of building the app regularly to ensure static optimization, using Suspense for component streaming, and implementing a query function pattern for data fetching to simplify component reusability.