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Ms Cooper's IGCSE Biology: mastering the first 7 topics

Name: Ms Cooper's IGCSE Biology: mastering the first 7 topics
Rating: 4.3 (79 reviews)

Topics 1-7 from the Cambridge IGCSE curriculum

Created byLeanne Cooper

Last updated 7/2016

English

What you'll learn

CHARACTERISTICS AND CLASSIFICATION OF LIVING ORGANISMS
Describe and define the 7 characteristics of living organisms
State how organisms are classified based on the features that they share
Define and describe the binomial system of naming
Define species
Describe the hierarchy of classification
Explain that classification systems aim to reflect evolutionary relationships
Explain that classification is traditionally based on studies of morphology and anatomy
Explain that the sequences of bases in DNA and of amino acids in proteins are used as a more accurate means of classification
Explain that organisms which share a more recent ancestor (are more closely related) have base sequences in DNA that are more similar than those that share only a distant ancestor
Use the pentadactyl limb as an example to explain the anatomical similarities between different organisms 
Describe and compare the structure of a plant cell with an animal cell, as seen under a light microscope
State the functions of the structures seen under the light microscope in the plant cell and in the animal cell
ORGANISATION OF THE ORGANISM
Describe the features that put organisms into one of the 5 kingdoms
Describe the structure of a virus and how a virus replicates
State the properties of bacteria, fungi and protista
List the features of ferns and flowering plants
State the differences between monocotyledons and dicotyledons
List the characteristics of the 5 classes of vertebrates in the animal kingdom
Describe the features of crustaceans, insects, arachnids, myriapods that are used to classify them into groups
Construct and use simple dichotomous keys based on easily identifiable features
Describe and compare the structure of a plant cell with an animal cell, as seen under a light microscope
State the functions of the structures seen under the light microscope in the plant cell and in the animal cell
State that the cytoplasm contains ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum
State that aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria
Identify the specialised cells and Describe the feature that makes it adapted to its function.
Identify the different levels of organisation in drawings, diagrams and images
Calculate magnification and size of biological specimens, using millimetres and micrometres
MOVEMENT IN AND OUT OF CELLS
Define diffusion, osmosis and active transport
Give examples of diffusion in the laboratory
State how substances move into and out of the cell through the cell membrane by diffusion
Describe diffusion of gases in the leaf and lungs, and food in the small intestines
State how the alveolus is adapted for gaseous exchange
State how the villus is adapted for absorption of nutrients
Describe the factors that affect the rate of diffusion
Relate how these factors link to diffusion in living organisms
Explain how to demonstrate osmosis using a partially permeable membrane
Define water potential
Explain the importance of water potential and osmosis on animal and plant tissues
Explain what will happen when you put plant and animal cells into solutions of different concentrations
Explain how plants are supported by the turgor pressure in cell walls
Describe an experiment to test how plant tissue is affected by different solutions
Discuss the importance of active transport as a process for movement across membranes
Explain how protein molecules move particles across a membrane during active transport
State the differences between active transport and diffusion
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES
State the elements that make up carbohydrates, fats and proteins
List the food sources of lipids, carbohydrates and proteins and their functions
List the properties of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides
State what a hydrolysis reaction is and condensation reaction is
Explain how the sequence of amino acids determines the protein’s shape
Explain why the shape of the protein is so important in enzymes and antibodies
Describe the test for reducing sugars, starch, lipids, proteins and Vitamin C
Plan and describe an experiment to test if fresh lemon juice has more vitamin C compared to bottled lemon juice.
Use food tests to identify what nutrients are in 5 different solutions
State what chromatin, chromosomes and genes are
State which bases pair together in DNA
Describe the structure of DNA
Explain how the information from the gene is transferred from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
ENZYMES
Define the terms catalyst and enzyme
Describe why enzymes are important in all living organisms.
Describe how an enzyme works with reference to active site, enzyme-substrate complex and product.
Explain the “lock and key” model.
State the 5 properties of enzymes.
State how to measure the activity of an enzyme
Explain the effect of changes in temperature and pH on enzyme activity
Design an experiment to test how temperature and pH affects the rate of a reaction.
PLANT NUTRITION
Write the word and chemical equation for photosynthesis
Define photosynthesis
State where the raw materials for the reaction come from
Explain that chlorophyll transfers light energy into chemical energy in molecules, for the synthesis of carbohydrates
State the uses of sugars in plants
Describe how to test for oxygen
Draw and label a leaf
Identify and label the different tissue layers inside a leaf
Explain how leaves are adapted for photosynthesis
Describe how the stomata open and close
Describe how to test a leaf for starch, explaining what each step does
Describe how test for each of the factors necessary for photosynthesis
Define the rate limiting factor
Describe how to investigate the effect of varying temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis
Draw the graph of results and describe them
Describe the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis at 2 concentrations of carbon dioxide
Explain the use of carbon dioxide enrichment, optimum light and temperature in a glasshouse system and how these factors are controlled
Describe the importance of nitrate ions and magnesium ions in plant nutrition
Explain the effects of nitrate and magnesium deficiency on plants
Explain how leguminous plants improve the nitrogen content in soil
Describe an experiment to test which nutrients are needed for plant growth
Explain the difference between chemical and natural fertilisers and the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Use hydrogen carbonate indicator solution to investigate gaseous exchange of an aquatic plant kept in the light and in the dark
HUMAN NUTRITION
Define nutrition and balanced diet
State the 7 nutrients needed in a balanced diet and what these nutrients are needed for
Describe the effect that age, sex, activity, pregnancy and breast feeding have on dietary requirements
State how saturated fat is linked to high cholesterol and heart disease
Describe how the lack of fibre is linked to bowel cancer
State how fibre is linked to reducing the risk of heart disease.
State what the unit of energy is
Use the body mass index to tell if someone is obese
State what diseases are linked to obesity
Describe the difference between malnutrition and starvation
State the importance of Vitamin C, D, iron and calcium and the deficiency symptoms that results from a lack of them.
Define ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, egestion
Define and label where chemical and mechanical digestion take place
Identify and name the 4 types of teeth and what they are used for,
Describe the structure of a tooth
Explain how plaque is formed and the steps in tooth decay
Describe the proper care of teeth, and the use of fluoride
Describe the events that occur in the mouth
State what saliva comprises
Describe swallowing
Describe peristalsis, including the contraction of the circular and longitudinal muscles
Describe the digestion of food in the stomach
State what the sphincter muscles do
State what chyme is
Describe where bile is made, stored and released and how it helps with digestion
Describe what is in pancreatic juice and what the different enzymes do
State what the 3 parts of the small intestine are called, discussing digestion in the duodenum and absorption in the ileum
Explain the structure of a villus
Explain how the ileum is adapted for absorption
State the functions of the liver and how the liver is involved in assimilation
Describe the large intestine and its function
Explain how cholera is transmitted and how it causes diarrhoea and dehydration
Explain what oral rehydration therapy is and how it works.
At the end of my course, students will be able to...

Course content

8 sections • 64 lectures • 8h 43m total length

Introduction2:31
This is just an introduction on what to expect in this course :)

Introduction to section 13:36
An overview of what to expect in this section :)
1. What are the characteristics of living organisms?7:13
As a Biologist, how can you describe something as living? You need to know the different definitions of the 7 characteristics, so I've shown you one method of revising. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

Describe the 7 characteristics of living organisms

Define the different characteristics
2. How do you classify organisms?8:56
This is an introduction on how to classify organisms based on the features that they share. By the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

State how organisms are classified based on the features that they share,

Define and describe the binomial system of naming,

Define species,

Describe the hierarchy of classification.
3. How do you classify organisms? Part 210:35
Classifying something based on what it looks like can be a bit tricky. Here you will learn about different methods of classification. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
Explain that classification systems aim to reflect evolutionary relationships

Explain that classification is traditionally based on studies of morphology and anatomy

Explain that the sequences of bases in DNA and of amino acids in proteins are used as a more accurate means of classification

Explain that organisms which share a more recent ancestor (are more closely related) have base sequences in DNA that are more similar than those that share only a distant ancestor

Use the pentadactyl limb as an example to explain the anatomical similarities between different organisms
4. The 5 kingdoms of life and viruses10:47
Often people think that viruses are living. Here you will learn what a virus actually is and why it is not classified as living. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to
Describe the difference between plants and animals

State what kingdoms Euglena and mushrooms fall into

List the 5 kingdoms

Describe the features that put organisms into one of the 5 kingdoms

Describe the structure of a virus

Describe how viruses replicate

State how influenza, AIDS and bird flu are spread.
Characteristics and classification
5. A closer look at bacteria, fungi and protista12:16
What is the structure of a bacterium? What is a protist? These are questions that you will be able to answer after watching this video. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

State the properties of bacteria

Describe the uses of bacteria

State the properties of fungi

State how fungi reproduce

Identify the different sizes of viruses, bacteria, fungi and protista

State the properties of protista

Give examples of protists
A closer look at bacteria, fungi and protista
6. Pretty plants. The plant kingdom9:42
How can you tell whether a plant is a monocotyledon or dicotyledon? I will explain this in this video.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

State that plants are divided into divisions

List the features of ferns

List the main features of a flowering plant

State what the functions of the apical bud, leaf, stem and roots

State the differences between dicotyledons and monocotyledons
Plant kingdom
7. Animal kingdom. Part 1. Cold blooded vertebrates10:41
The Animal kingdom is broken up into a series of short videos so you can get the most out of them in the short time. This video deals with the fish, amphibians and reptiles.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:

List the characteristics of:

fish

amphibians

reptiles
8 Animal kingdom. Part 2. Warm blooded vertebrates7:24
The Animal kingdom is broken up into a series of short videos so you can get the most out of them in the short time. This video deals with the warm blooded animals that have a backbone - mammals and birds.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

List the features of:

mammals

birds

Draw and label a feather
1.9 Animal kingdom. Part 3. Interesting invertebrates15:28
The Animal Kingdom is divided up into short videos. In this video, you will learn about those creepy crawlies - the invertebrates. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

Describe the external features of arthropods

Describe the features of crustaceans, insects, arachnids, myriapods that are used to classify them into groups

Describe how the animals in these groups are adapted to their environment
10. Dichotomous keys6:17
If you know how to use a dichotomous key, you will earn easy marks in an exam.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

Construct keys using features that you see

Define what a dichotomous key is

State the 2 types of dichotomous keys

Identify organisms using dichotomous keys
Characteristics of living organisms flash cards0:03
These are flash cards on terminology or facts that you might find helpful with learning this section. Download the pdf of flash cards, cut them out and use them for revision.

Blank spaces have been left between the sections incase you want to create your own flash cards.
Animal Kingdom

Introduction to section 32:21
An overview of what to expect in this section :)
1. Zooming into cells. Cell structure16:20
Cells are really interesting if you look at what's inside them! There are little organelles called mitochondria that are so important for providing us with energy.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

Describe the structures in a plant and animal cell

Identify the differences between a plant and animal cell

Identify the structures that you can see under a light microscope and describe their functions

State that the cytoplasm contains vesicles and ribosomes on rough endoplasmic reticulum

State that aerobic respiration occurs in mitochondria
2. Specialised cells. What makes them so special?7:15
There are cells that have a specific function - like the cells that line your airway have little cytoplasmic structures that move about and clear your airway of mucus. These are called specialised cells. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to:
Identify the specialised cells,
Describe the feature of the specialised cell that makes it adapted to its function.

3. Let's get organised. Levels of organisation in living organisms7:39

What is a cell and what is a tissue? How can you organise things from cells to tissues to organs?

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

Write the levels of organisation in order
Give examples of each level of organisation
Define each level of organisation

4. Magnification12:14

Calculating magnification can be quite tricky, but once you master how to use the magnification triangle to use in calculations, it's a piece of cake!

By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

Draw and use the magnification triangle to calculate magnification,
Calculate magnification and actual size of biological specimen using mm and µm as units.

Organisation of the organism flash cards0:03

These are flash cards on terminology or facts that you might find helpful with learning this section. Download the pdf of flash cards, cut them out and use them for revision.

Blank spaces have been left between the sections incase you want to create your own flash cards.

Organisation of the organism

Introduction to section 32:10
An overview of what to expect in this section :)
1. Moving molecules. Diffusion14:05
This video lecture is on how molecules move about. You will learn about diffusion, a process you see taking place around you all the time! By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

Define diffusion

Describe why diffusion occurs in liquids and gases, but not solids

Give examples of diffusion in the laboratory

State how substances move into and out of the cell through the cell membrane by diffusion

Describe the importance of diffusion of gases and solutes

State whether diffusion through a cell membrane is an active or passive process
2. Living organisms. Why they need diffusion16:33
Why is diffusion so important to living organisms? Here you will learn where diffusion takes place in the body and plant. By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

Define diffusion

Describe diffusion of gases in the lungs

State how the alveolus is adapted for gaseous exchange.

Describe diffusion of gases in a leaf.

Describe diffusion of food in the small intestines

State how the villus is adapted for absorption of nutrients.
3. What factors affect diffusion?12:22
How can you make molecules diffuse faster? What factors affect the rate of diffusion? After this video lecture, you be able to

Describe the factors that affect the rate of diffusion

Relate how these factors link to diffusion in living organisms
4. Osmosis. A watery subject13:23
Why do plants wilt? By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

Define osmosis

Explain how to demonstrate osmosis using a partially permeable membrane

Define water potential

State the difference between concentrated and dilute

State what the water potential gradient is

Define osmosis in terms of water potential
5. Osmosis in living cells16:49
Why do red blood cells burst if you put them into distilled water? By the end of this lecture, you should be able to

Explain the importance of water potential and osmosis on animal and plant tissues

Describe what will happen when you put animal cells into pure water and a concentrated solution

Describe what will happen when you put plant cells into pure water and a concentrated solution

Explain how plants are supported by the turgor pressure in cell walls

Explain the effects on plant tissues when you put them into different solutions, using the terms turgid, turgor pressure, plasmolysis and flaccid
6. Osmosis in living cells: testing potato tissue6:00
In this video lecture, I will describe how to test osmosis using potato.
By the end of this lecture, you should be able to

Describe an experiment to test how plant tissue is affected by different solutions,

Explain what has happened to the plant tissue using the terms plasmolysis, plasmolysed, flaccid, turgid and turgor pressure,
7. Active transport9:45
Plant cells need to absorb mineral salts into their root hair cells despite the concentration of some mineral salts in their root hair cells being higher in their cells compared to the concentration in the soil. But how do they do this? Here, you will learn about active transport.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

Define active transport

Explain how ions move into a plant if there is a higher ion concentration inside a plant cell compared to the outside

Explain how protein molecules move particles across the membrane during active transport

Discuss the importance of active transport in:

root hair cells

villi

kidney tubules

State the differences between active transport and diffusion
Movement in and out of cells flash cards0:03
These are flash cards on terminology or facts that you might find helpful with learning this section. Download the pdf of flash cards, cut them out and use them for revision.

Blank spaces have been left between the sections incase you want to create your own flash cards.
Movement in and out of cells

Introduction to section 41:44
An overview of what to expect in this section :)
1. Carbohydrates14:33
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

List the 7 nutrients in a balanced diet

State what the elements are in carbohydrates, fats and proteins

Write the general formula for a carbohydrate

State the 3 groups of carbohydrates

List the properties of monosaccharides, disaccharides and polysaccharides

State what a hydrolysis reaction is and condensation reaction is

Give examples of each group

Describe the test for reducing sugars

Describe the test for starch
2. Biological molecules. Proteins and their building blocks9:18
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

List the elements in proteins

State what a dipeptide, polypeptide and protein are

Explain how the sequence of amino acids determines the protein’s shape

Explain why the shape of the protein is so important in enzymes and antibodies

List the main food sources of proteins

State the functions of proteins

Describe how to test for a protein
3. Biological molecules. Lipids and fats7:15
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

List the elements in lipids

State the difference between fats and oils

State the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats

List the functions of lipids

List the food sources of lipids

Describe how to test for lipids
4. Biological molecules. Testing for Vitamin C7:00
How do you know if something has Vitamin C in it? This experiment is very simple.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

State why vitamin C is important in the body.

Describe an experiment to test the Vitamin C content in lemon juice.

Plan and describe an experiment to test if fresh lemon juice has more vitamin C compared to bottled lemon juice.

Draw a table of results of the experiment

Write a conclusion from the experiment

Describe how to make the experiment more reliable
5. Food tests10:38
Food tests can be really confusing, especially remembering which food test turns brick red or purple or forms a cloudy emulsion. I will go through it slowly with you, and you will be able to identify what nutrients are in different solutions.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

Name the food tests for starch, reducing sugar, protein, lipids and vitamin C.

Use food tests to identify what nutrients are in 5 different solutions

Complete a table of results using your observations
6. DNA12:03
DNA is one of the most important molecules in our body. It has the information for what makes us who we are. This lecture forms the basis for when you study mitosis and meiosis later on.
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

State what chromatin, chromosomes and genes are.

State which bases pair together in DNA

Describe the structure of DNA

Describe what a gene is

Describe how 3 bases code for an amino acid

Explain how the information from the gene is transferred from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
Biological molecules flash cards0:04
These are flash cards on terminology or facts that you might find helpful with learning this section. Download the pdf of flash cards, cut them out and use them for revision.

Blank spaces have been left between the sections incase you want to create your own flash cards.
Biological molecules

Introduction to section 51:41
An overview of what to expect in this section :)
1. Enzymes. The most amazing proteins12:42
Enzymes are such cool proteins! They are involved in so many different processes in our body as well as in plants and bacteria.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

Define the term catalyst.

Define the term enzyme.

Describe why enzymes are important in all living organisms.

Describe how an enzyme works with reference to active site, enzyme-substrate complex and product.

Explain the specificity of enzymes in terms of complementary shape.

Explain the “lock and key” model.

State the 5 properties of enzymes.
2. Enzyme activity: what factors influence it?11:34
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

State how to measure the activity of an enzyme,

Interpret and explain the graph of increasing temperature vs rate of enzyme reaction,

Define the optimum temperature,

Explain the effect of pH on enzyme activity,
3. Acid or alkaline: testing which pH an enzyme works best in4:52
If you take the enzyme, amylase that works in your mouth, and add it to your stomach, why does it stop working? Enzymes work at different pH.
By the end of this lesson, you should be able to

Design an experiment to test how pH affects the rate of a reaction.

Carry out an experiment testing how pH affects protease breaking down egg white.

Interpret your observations and draw a conclusion from the results.
4. It's a hot subject: testing the effect of temperature on enzyme activity7:12
If you were asked how to test what temperature an enzyme, such as amylase, works best in, what would you do?
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

Design an experiment to test how temperature affects the rate of a reaction.

Carry out an experiment testing how temperature affects amylase breaking down starch into maltose.

Interpret your observations and draw a conclusion from the results.
Enzymes flash cards0:02
These are flash cards on terminology or facts that you might find helpful with learning this section. Download the pdf of flash cards, cut them out and use them for revision.

Blank spaces have been left between the sections incase you want to create your own flash cards.
Enzymes

Introduction to section 62:43
An overview of what to expect in this section :)
1. Photosynthesis: manufacturing food12:13
Photosynthesis is an incredible process that allows plants to manufacture food by using only water, carbon dioxide and sunlight.
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

Write the word and chemical equation for photosynthesis,

Define photosynthesis,

State where the raw materials for the reaction come from,

Explain that chlorophyll transfers light energy into chemical energy in molecules, for the synthesis of carbohydrates,

State the uses of sugars in plants,

Describe how to test for oxygen,

State why plants are so important.
2. Leaves: inside and out10:09
If you cut open a leaf and examine it under a microscope, you will notice that there are different tissues. I will go through the different tissues with you so that you will be able to identify them easily in an exam.
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

Draw and label a leaf,

Identify and label the different tissue layers inside a leaf,

Explain how leaves are adapted for photosynthesis,

Label a palisade mesophyll cell,

Describe how the stomata open and close.
3. How do you test a leaf for starch?4:12
Testing to see whether a leaf has photosynthesised is quite easy, but why is each step in the starch test important. Here I will go through the starch test step by step.
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

Design an experiment to test a leaf for starch.

Describe each step of the experiment and explain why that step is necessary.
4. Experiments: testing what factors are necessary for photosynthesis11:22
It's easy to say that plants need carbon dioxide, water and light for photosynthesis to take place, but what tests can you do to check this? I will go through the different experiments with you in this video lecture.
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

Describe how to test a leaf for starch,

Describe how to destarch a plant,

Describe how test for each of the factors necessary for photosynthesis:

light

carbon dioxide

chlorophyll
5. Rate limiting factors in photosynthesis16:12
Rate limiting factors and what each part of the graph means can be so confusing. In this video lecture, I will explain how to interpret the graphs and identify the rate limiting factor.
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

Define the rate limiting factor,

State 3 environmental factors that influence the rate of photosynthesis,

Describe how to investigate the effect of varying temperature, light intensity and carbon dioxide concentration on the rate of photosynthesis,

Draw the graph of results and describe them.

Describe the effect of increasing light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis at 2 concentrations of carbon dioxide
6. Making things easier: using a glasshouse3:39
Glasshouses are used everywhere. This is a nice, short video lecture on what the factors are that are necessary for plants to grow optimally and how they are controlled. By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

Explain the use of carbon dioxide enrichment, optimum light and temperature in a glasshouse system.

Describe how the factors are controlled.
7. Mineral requirements of plants11:52
Why does a plant start to get yellow leaves? Plants also need mineral ions as well as water, carbon dioxide and light. In this video lecture, I will explain the different mineral requirements that plants need.
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

State where minerals come from

Describe how plants take up minerals

Explain why farmers use fertilisers

Describe the importance of nitrate ions and magnesium ions in plant nutrition

Explain the effects of nitrate and magnesium deficiency on plants

Explain how leguminous plants improve the nitrogen content in soil

Describe an experiment to test which nutrients are needed for plant growth

Explain the difference between chemical and natural fertilisers and the advantages and disadvantages of each.
8. Testing gaseous exchange in plants8:04
How can you test gaseous exchange in a plant? I will go through an experiment so that you will know how to use an indicator solution to do test this.
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

State the equation for photosynthesis and respiration,

Explain what gas is released at night by plants,

Explain what gas is released during the day by plants,

Describe the colour change of hydrogen carbonate indicator solution when carbon dioxide is released and when its taken up,

Use hydrogen carbonate indicator solution to investigate gaseous exchange of an aquatic plant kept in the light and in the dark,
Plant nutrition flash cards0:02
These are flash cards on terminology or facts that you might find helpful with learning this section. Download the pdf of flash cards, cut them out and use them for revision.

Blank spaces have been left between the sections incase you want to create your own flash cards.
Plant nutrition

Introduction to section 73:06
An overview of what to expect in this section :)
1. Eating right: a balanced diet8:45
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

Define nutrition,

Define the term balanced diet,

State the 7 nutrients needed in a balanced diet,

State what the nutrients are needed for,

Describe the effect that age, sex, activity have on energy requirements,

Describe the effects that breast feeding and pregnancy have on dietary requirements,

State how saturated fat is linked to high cholesterol and heart disease
2. What to eat: sources of nutrients11:04
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

Describe the food pyramid,

State the sources of each of the 7 nutrients and what they are needed for in the body,

Describe the deficiency symptoms due to the lack of vitamin C, D and the mineral salt iron and calcium,

Describe how the lack of fibre is linked to bowel cancer

State how fibre is linked to reducing the risk of heart disease.
3. Eating too much: obesity6:37
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

State what the unit of energy is,

State the reasons why a person puts on weight,

Use the body mass index to tell if someone is obese,

State what diseases are linked to obesity,

Describe the difference between malnutrition and starvation.
4. When food becomes important: starvation and nutrient deficiency5:50
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

Describe the effects of starvation,

State the importance of Vitamin C,

Describe the effects of scurvy,

Discuss the causes and effects of vitamin D deficiency,

State the importance of iron and the effects of the anaemia
5. What happens to food when we eat? Digestion11:24
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

Define ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, egestion

Define and label where chemical and mechanical digestion take place

Name the enzymes involved in chemical digestion,

Identify and label the different parts of the digestive system.
6. Smile! Your teeth tell a story10:38
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

State how many baby teeth a child has,

Identify and name the 4 types of teeth and what they are used for,

Describe the structure of a tooth,

Explain how plaque is formed,

Describe the different steps in tooth decay,

Describe the proper care of teeth in terms of diet and regular brushing,

Explain how fluoride helps prevent tooth decay.
7. Slippery slope: from the mouth to the stomach11:45
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

Describe the events that occur in the mouth,

State what saliva comprises,

Describe swallowing,

Describe peristalsis, including the contraction of the circular and longitudinal muscles,

Describe the digestion of food in the stomach,

State what the sphincter muscles do.
8. Digesting food: the roles the liver, gall bladder and pancreas play7:31
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

State which organs are associated with the small intestine,

State what chyme is,

Describe where bile is made, stored and released and how it helps with digestion,

Describe what is in pancreatic juice and what the different enzymes do.
9. Absorption and assimilation12:13
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

State what the 3 parts of the small intestine are called,

Explain what type of digestion occurs in the duodenum,

State that absorption takes place in the ileum,

Explain the structure of a villus,

Explain how the ileum is adapted for absorption,

Describe what happens to absorbed food once it’s been absorbed through the villi,

State the functions of the liver,

Explain how the liver is involved in assimilation.
10. Large intestine and intestinal disease10:56
By the end of this video lecture, you should be able to

Describe the large intestine and its function,

Describe diarrhoea as a symptom of cholera,

Explain how cholera is transmitted,

Explain how cholera bacteria cause diarrhoea and dehydration,

Explain what oral rehydration therapy is and how it works.
Human nutrition flash cards0:02
These are flash cards on terminology or facts that you might find helpful with learning this section. Download the pdf of flash cards, cut them out and use them for revision.

Blank spaces have been left between the sections incase you want to create your own flash cards.
Human nutrition

Requirements

A basic understanding of Biology, but I will be starting from the beginning of the syllabus

Description

Are you wanting a clear, easy way to learn Biology? Are you wanting to brush up on revision before exams? Are you studying Biology at home? If so, this course is for you!

Learn and Master Biology so that you are confident in the exam

The topics covered include:

Characteristics and classification of living organisms
Organisation of the organism
Movement in and out of cells
Biological molecules
Enzymes
Plant nutrition
Human nutrition.

Together with my teaching experience, passion for Biology and love of creating videos that make Biology come alive, you will find a high quality course that is easy to understand. The video lectures have information linking to real life so that you can see why the topic is beneficial to learning.

By the end of this course, you'll have valuable skills that will help you to draw the key concepts from the content and retain the knowledge more easily. You'll know how to describe, list, calculate, explain, draw and interpret necessary information.

What to expect

I designed this course in the same way that I teach in the classroom, honing in on key points. You will find over 40 teaching videos that explain the content relevant to the syllabus and linking it to real life. You will also be able to download, print and cut out flash cards of questions and terminology that will help you to learn a difficult topic easily. You can carry these questions in your pocket and use them to study anywhere. At the end of each section is a short quiz for you to check that you are on track.

There are clear learning outcomes at the beginning of each lecture. The videos are short and to the point, honing in on the key points that are important. This means that you can press pause, grab something to drink and watch it again if necessary. I've used real life examples so that you can link the concepts together.

This course is for you if you are studying the Cambridge IGCSE syllabus or an equivalent board. Check the curriculum to see if the content overlaps with what you are studying!

Enjoy and all the best with your revision! :)

Who this course is for:

This course is perfect if you want to go through the different sections in your own time and fill in any gaps that you might be missing from class
It you are preparing for the Cambridge IGCSE Biology exam or an equivalent board, you will find this exam really useful

Ms Cooper's IGCSE Biology: mastering the first 7 topics

What you'll learn

Explore related topics

Course content

Introduction to course1 lecture • 3min

1. Characteristics of living organisms12 lectures • 1hr 43min

2. Organisation of the organism6 lectures • 46min

3. Movement in and out of cells9 lectures • 1hr 31min

4. Biological molecules8 lectures • 1hr 3min

5. Enzymes6 lectures • 38min

6. Plant nutrition10 lectures • 1hr 20min

7. Human nutrition12 lectures • 1hr 40min

Requirements

Description

Who this course is for: