
Explore how nucleotides form nucleic acids and store genetic information, contrasting DNA and RNA, while understanding nucleotides as energy currency in cellular responses.
Study the nucleotide structure—nitrogenous base, pentose sugar, and phosphate group—and how DNA and RNA store information and how gene segments encode functional products via mRNA, rRNA, and tRNA.
Describe nucleotide structure: pentose sugar (deoxy vs ribose), 2' hydrogen or hydroxyl, carbon prime designations, a 5' phosphate, and the progression to adenosine monophosphate, diphosphate, and triphosphate; DNA and RNA.
Explain how nucleotides join by phosphodiester bonds to form nucleic acids, creating a phosphate-sugar backbone with bases outside, and show 5' to 3' orientation and oligonucleotide vs polynucleotide terminology.
Examine how purines and pyrimidines form hydrophobic base stacks and hydrogen bonds that stabilize nucleic acids, and review Watson–Crick base pairing of A-T and G-C.
Explore the double helix structure of DNA, including anti-parallel strands, base pairing (A-T, G-C), hydrogen bonding, and base stacking, and how complementary strands enable replication.
Explore the key differences between DNA and RNA, including ribose versus deoxyribose sugars, uracil versus thymine, single-stranded RNA and double-stranded DNA, and their stability and cellular localization.
Nucleotides have a variety of roles in cellular metabolism. They are the energy currency in metabolic transactions. They are the constituents of nucleic acids: deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA), the molecular repositories of genetic information. The structure of every protein is a product of information programmed into the nucleotide sequence of a cell's nucleic acids. The ability to store and transmit genetic information from one generation to the next is a fundamental condition for life.
This course provides detailed knowledge of the chemical nature and structure of the nucleotides and how nucleotides are organized in to nucleic acids found in most cells. Further, this course will elaborate the timeline of discovery of DNA. The helical structure of DNA suggested by Watson and Crick is explored. Lastly, the differences between DNA and RNA structures are also be jotted down. In addition to the well-illustrated video lectures, the core concepts are reinforced with quizzes at the end of lecture.
This course is a valuable resource for students and researchers related to biology, molecular biology, biotechnology, biochemistry and genetics. In the course, daily life examples are given to present the most challenging concepts.
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