
Primary Keys (or a Unique Identifier) The Primary Key is the field that uniquely identifies each row in the table. In our case, Product Code in the Product Table will act as a Primary Key.
Foreign Keys - A Foreign Key is the field that refers to the Primary Key in another table. Foreign keys can have duplicates. In our case, Product Code in the Sales Table will act as a Foreign Key for the Product Code in the Product Table.
Tables having Primary keys are referred to as Dimension Tables or Lookup Tables. Tables having foreign keys are referred to as Fact Tables or Data Tables. Usually, in a data model, there is a single Fact Table surrounded by multiple Dimension Tables.
Cardinality and Cross Filter Direction
There are two important aspects in establishing the relationship between two data sets. These are Cardinality and Cross Filter Direction. Let’s discuss them in detail.
Cardinality
Cardinality is the type of connection established between two tables. There are four types of Cardinalities in Power BI. The relation between tables is denoted by two symbols, the asterisk (*) and 1, where the asterisk (*) represents many sides and 1 denotes a single side.
1. Many to One (*:1) – This means the column in a given table can have more than one instance of a value, and the other related table has only one instance of a value.
2. One to One (1:1) – This means one primary key from the dimension table will be linked to just one foreign key in the fact table.
3. One to Many (1:*) – This means the column in one table has only one instance of a particular value, and the other related table can have more than one instance of a value.
4. Many to Many (*:*) – A many-to-many relationship between tables removes requirements for unique values in tables. This setting indicates that there are multiple records for the single value in both tables.
Cross Filter Direction
The arrow in the center of the line represents the direction of filtering being applied to two tables and is called Cross Filter Direction. There are two types:
1. Single – This is the default type. It means that filtering flows from the dimension table towards the fact table.
2. Both –This means filtering flows from the dimension table towards the fact table and vice versa.
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