Interpret Medical Images With Ease (X-Rays, CTs, MRIs)

Examine cervical anatomy on radiographs and MRI, including the atlas and axis, vertebral canal and discs, ligaments, and facet joints, and recognize healthy spacing for nerve passage.

Analyze the shoulder joint in the oblique coronal view, identifying rotator cuff, tendon of the long head of biceps, deltoid, coracoid process, glenoid cavity, ac joint, and ligaments.

Analyze elbow imaging on x-ray and MRI to identify the humerus, radius, ulna, tendons, assess the carrying angle and joint congruence, and recognize golfer's elbow, tennis elbow, and fractures.

Interpret abdominal x-rays by visualizing air in the stomach and intestines, distinguish distention from dilation, spot perforation signs, and use ct imaging for clarification.

Trace the biliary and pancreatic ducts from left and right hepatic ducts to common hepatic duct and cystic duct, into the gallbladder and pancreatic duct toward the duodenum, noting dilation.

Identify the kidneys and adrenal glands on the image, noting the left kidney's higher position, renal arteries and veins, and their relation to the aorta and inferior vena cava.

Analyze pelvic anatomy on x-ray: ilium, pubis with superior and inferior rami, acetabulum, and sacroiliac joints. Note pelvic brim and true versus false pelvis, diameters, and gender differences.

Identify the pelvic wall anatomy on CT, tracing the iliac crest, ilium, sacrum, sacroiliac joint, acetabulum, and surrounding muscles, and explain pathways to the anal fossa and potential abscess formation.

Describe the dural venous sinuses—superior and inferior sagittal, straight, confluence, transverse, sigmoid, and cavernous—and their drainage into the internal jugular vein; note infection risk from mastoid near temporal bone.

Explore the pyramid of the temporal bone, detailing the external, middle, and inner ears, their connections to the tympanic cavity, internal acoustic meatus, and related nerves and vessels.

Explore head and neck vessels, including the carotid sheath with common carotid artery and internal jugular vein, external carotid artery branches like superficial temporal and maxillary arteries, and carotid sinus.

Analyze sagittal and axial MRI to identify vertebral bodies, arches, intervertebral discs, and the spinal cord in the vertebral canal, and note healthy nucleus pulposus and L5 disc vulnerability.