Interpret Medical Images With Ease (X-Rays, CTs, MRIs)

Learn to read chest x-rays using a radiologist's algorithm: check airways, bones, heart shadows, diaphragms, and lung fields. Identify devices and common pathologies, such as tumors, effusions, and airway placement.

Navigate a CT thorax by tracing the aortic arch, great vessels, heart chambers, and mediastinal structures, then distinguish nodules from vessels and bronchi.

Examine cervical anatomy on radiographs and MRI, including the atlas and axis, vertebral canal and discs, ligaments, and facet joints, and recognize healthy spacing for nerve passage.

discover thoracic and lumbar spine anatomy, from ribs and vertebral bodies to intervertebral discs and foramina, and analyze MRI T2 scans showing the spinal canal, nerve roots, and stenosis.

Explore the imaging anatomy of the sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints, tracing the clavicle from sternum to acromion and illustrating shoulder separation effects on the brachial plexus and lung apex.

Analyze the shoulder joint in the oblique coronal view, identifying rotator cuff, tendon of the long head of biceps, deltoid, coracoid process, glenoid cavity, ac joint, and ligaments.

Analyze elbow imaging on x-ray and MRI to identify the humerus, radius, ulna, tendons, assess the carrying angle and joint congruence, and recognize golfer's elbow, tennis elbow, and fractures.

Interpret wrist x-rays by recognizing the two-row carpal bone layout, the radius and ulna relationship, and the nearby flexor tendons and median nerve.

Interpret abdominal x-rays by visualizing air in the stomach and intestines, distinguish distention from dilation, spot perforation signs, and use ct imaging for clarification.

Identify abdominal wall muscles and abdominal organs on ct images, from the esophagus and stomach through the duodenum, small intestine, and colon, noting organ positions and landmarks.

Examine the spleen and pancreas anatomy on abdominal images, including spleen behind the stomach, relationship to the pancreas, and normal sizes and signs of enlargement.

Trace the abdominal vessels, including the aorta, splenic vessels, and the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries, plus common iliac arteries, to see how the hepatic portal system forms.

Examine liver anatomy and peritoneal spaces, highlighting the falciform ligament, port-a-potties, subhepatic and Morrison's pouch, hepatorenal recess, and the greater and lesser sacs with fluid findings in cirrhosis.

Trace the biliary and pancreatic ducts from left and right hepatic ducts to common hepatic duct and cystic duct, into the gallbladder and pancreatic duct toward the duodenum, noting dilation.

Identify the kidneys and adrenal glands on the image, noting the left kidney's higher position, renal arteries and veins, and their relation to the aorta and inferior vena cava.

Analyze pelvic anatomy on x-ray: ilium, pubis with superior and inferior rami, acetabulum, and sacroiliac joints. Note pelvic brim and true versus false pelvis, diameters, and gender differences.

Identify the pelvic wall anatomy on CT, tracing the iliac crest, ilium, sacrum, sacroiliac joint, acetabulum, and surrounding muscles, and explain pathways to the anal fossa and potential abscess formation.

Identify the ovaries, uterus, cervix, and vagina in the female pelvis; note their relations to the bladder, uterine tube, and Douglas pouch.

Explore the knee on MRI, identifying femur, tibia, patella, articular cartilage, and ligaments such as anterior cruciate ligament, posterior cruciate ligament, tibial collateral ligament, fibular collateral ligament, and the menisci.

Identify brain regions on sagittal MRI images, including cerebrum, corpus callosum, diencephalon, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata, and cerebellum, and trace the ventricular system from lateral ventricles to the fourth ventricle.

Describe the dural venous sinuses—superior and inferior sagittal, straight, confluence, transverse, sigmoid, and cavernous—and their drainage into the internal jugular vein; note infection risk from mastoid near temporal bone.

Explore the pyramid of the temporal bone, detailing the external, middle, and inner ears, their connections to the tympanic cavity, internal acoustic meatus, and related nerves and vessels.

Identify the temporomandibular joint region on MRI by examining the temporalis, masseter, lateral and medial pterygoids, and the articular disc between the mandible and temporal bone.

Identify parotid gland behind the mandible and its duct to the oral cavity, then recognize the submandibular, sublingual glands, and the thyroid gland with CT showing isthmus and two lobes.

Explore head and neck vessels, including the carotid sheath with common carotid artery and internal jugular vein, external carotid artery branches like superficial temporal and maxillary arteries, and carotid sinus.

Analyze sagittal and axial MRI to identify vertebral bodies, arches, intervertebral discs, and the spinal cord in the vertebral canal, and note healthy nucleus pulposus and L5 disc vulnerability.