Plumbing Systems 101 : Sanitary, Stormwater & Water supply

The lecture classifies sewage into soil drainage, waste drainage, storm drainage, gravity-driven systems with pits and a submersible pump, and an uncategorized fifth type, such as laboratory drains.

Explore upvc pipe versus pvc pipe, both made from polyvinyl chloride; unplasticized upvc offers hardness akin to cast iron, while adding plastic material yields pvc pipe, with high-temperature capability.

Learn how to size drainage pipes by routing paths and calculating the drainage fixture unit, considering slope and locations such as under slab, under tile, and ground installations.

Install cleanouts to clear drainage pipe interiors and prevent blockages; space by diameter and locate at stack bases, 1.5 m from building, in normal, wall, or floor types per IPC.

Learn how floor drains discharge water into the main drainage pipe or vertical waste stack, using grill-covered openings and materials like plastic, stainless steel, and cast iron.

Grease interceptor handles central kitchen discharge before the inspection chamber, reducing blockages; install outside or inside the kitchen, with a cast iron cover and a strainer.

Learn about sump pits and sump pumps for basement drainage, rising sewage to the main line, and avoiding improper discharge, with vertical centrifugal submersible pumps in stainless steel.

Calculate the sump pump flow rate by converting drainage fixture units to gpm, using two dfu per gpm, and apply 170 dfu to obtain 85 gpm.

Explore septic and holding tanks for buildings away from city networks, including design choices, soil absorption checks, and the two-room tank configuration with inspection openings and maintenance considerations.

Explain design frequency and allowable spread for stormwater drainage, linking pavement water spread to average daily traffic, gutter and shoulder requirements, and inlet placement to control flow.

Plan storm drainage by collecting data, understanding hydrologic and hydraulic principles, coordinating with agencies, and sketching location, spacing, outfalls, utilities, manholes, and riser sizing.

Apply rational method to estimate peak runoff with q = c a i, where c depends on land use and soil, and i is rainfall intensity during time of concentration.

Learn inlet spacing for storm drainage, plotting from crest, locating the furthest inlet, and using the rational equation with runoff coefficient, rainfall intensity, and intercepted flow to meet design criteria.

Analyze grate inlets on grade, focusing on frontal and side flow and their interception efficiencies. Relate inlet capacity to geometry, slopes, gutter flow, and water depth using RF and E0.

Analyze grate inlets at sag points, comparing curb opening inlets for hydraulic capacity and place handling, and explain the weir and orifice transition and interception capacity.

Analyze curb inlets and their interception capacity, governed by opening height, depth, and gutter depression, acting as a weir or orifice across depth ranges and described by governing equations.

Compute inlet spacing using plan layouts and drainage areas, then follow step-by-step calculations for time of concentration, rainfall intensity, and gutter flow to design inlets.

Explore the bathtub fixture: copper, chrome-plated mixer delivers hot and cold water above the rim; drainage can go to the riser or floor drain, min 1.5 inches.

Explore how disposers fragment food waste in homes, restaurants, hotels, and food courts. Ensure proper drainage with three-inch domestic and four-inch commercial pipes, routed through a grease interceptor before traps.

Explore how water heaters, from gas and electric to solar, distribute hot water to fixtures like bathtubs and showers, with instantaneous or tank-based systems and differing principles.

Explore plumbing fixtures: types, installation, and materials such as ceramic and stainless. Use IPC and Egyptian code to determine fixture quantity and spacing, including a 150 m distance example.

Calculate water tank volume using the formula: number of people times personal consumption times storage days, and learn methods to determine population and storage needs, including fire fighting capacity.

Explain capacity versus volume, discuss tank content, and state design rules: keep height at least 0.5 meters above max water level, with walls determining dimensions based on material and load.

Examine the hydropneumatic tank system with bladder, diaphragm, and single-compartment tanks, how it lowers pump load, prevents water hammer, and the volume formula using q, ΔP, cut in/out, N, K.

Explore water tank locations and materials to safely store water and support project needs, with underground tanks for large layouts and backup for firefighting and city supply.

Understand water tank details from the mechanical perspective, including pipe connections, top overflow, venting, filling with float valve, drainage sizing, manhole access, and PVC-lined walls and floor.

Learn how to size pipes per IPC code, determine minimum fixture pipe sizes, and compute water supply fixture units to convert to GPM using the IPC flow chart.

Apply pipe sizing concepts to a toilet drawing, sizing water closet, urinals, lavatories, and water heater using water supply fixture units, public versus private toilets, and total fixture units.

Celebrate the completion of the mastering plumbing system course, thank students for trusting us and joining, and invite them to explore our other courses.