Oil & Gas Engineering: Piping, Vessels, Hydrogen & Control

A short message from the instructor thanking students for taking the course.

How piping insulation reduces heat transfer, saves energy and protects personnel, and how to choose insulation materials and thickness for industrial plant.

How to calculate the pipe wall thickness needed to withstand internal pressure, including allowances, using the applicable piping design code.

How piping is designed to resist external pressure and collapse, covering the applicable code rules, stiffening and the checks needed for integrity.

Design of buried piping systems from code requirements through soil loads, depth of cover, corrosion protection and installation practice.

Why piping stress and flexibility analysis is needed, the load cases considered, and how thermal expansion is accommodated to keep stresses within code limits.

Pipe support functions and classifications, and the step-by-step process for selecting and locating supports in industrial piping systems.

An introduction to pressure vessel design, covering the ASME code, the main parts of a vessel and the typical fabrication sequence.

Internal pressure vessel attachments such as tray supports, vortex breakers, baffles and impingement plates, and what each one does.

External pressure vessel elements such as supports, platforms, ladders, lifting lugs and insulation rings, and how they are attached to the shell.

How internal pressure creates stress in cylindrical and spherical shells and formed heads, and how required thickness is calculated for each.

Design of vessel shells under external pressure, including support lines, allowable external pressure and the use of stiffening rings.

How to select pressure vessel materials, covering corrosion types, corrosion allowance and the key material properties that drive the choice.

What weld joint efficiency means, how joint categories, joint types and radiography level set its value, and how it affects vessel thickness.

Pressure vessel nozzle design, covering nozzle configuration, standard flanges, gaskets, nozzle necks and opening reinforcement.

The hydrogen colour spectrum from green to pink, and how each colour is defined by its production method and carbon footprint.

How green hydrogen is made by electrolysis using renewable electricity, and why it is seen as a key technology for decarbonisation.

What it will take to scale up green hydrogen, and how it could decarbonise hard-to-electrify sectors in transport and industry.

How electrolysers split water into hydrogen and oxygen, and the main electrolyser technologies in use today.

Real-world green hydrogen projects and examples showing how electrolysis and renewable power are being combined at scale.

How blue hydrogen is produced from natural gas by steam methane reforming or autothermal reforming combined with carbon capture and storage.

Examples of blue hydrogen projects under development as industry moves toward a low-carbon economy.

How steam methane reforming produces hydrogen from natural gas, the most common hydrogen production route worldwide.

How carbon capture and storage captures CO2 from industrial sources and stores it underground, and its role in blue hydrogen.

What industrial clusters are, and why grouping industries like cement, steel and chemicals supports shared hydrogen and carbon capture infrastructure.

How hydrogen is stored as compressed gas, the pressures and vessels used, and the trade-offs of compression as a storage method.

How hydrogen is liquefied by cooling it to cryogenic temperatures to cut its volume for storage and transport, and the energy cost involved.

How hydrogen can be stored chemically by bonding it into carriers such as metal hydrides, ammonia or liquid organic carriers, and released when needed.

A side-by-side comparison of hydrogen storage methods, weighing the advantages and disadvantages of compression, liquefaction and chemical storage.

How hydrogen is transported by pipeline, and the key design and material issues for hydrogen pipeline networks.

An introduction to the gas turbine engine, its basic cycle, its common uses and its main advantages and drawbacks.

The three core parts of a gas turbine, compressor, combustor and turbine, including centrifugal and axial compressors and how heat exchangers can boost efficiency.

How energy is converted inside a gas turbine, from pressure to velocity to useful work, and why calculations start with absolute pressure and temperature.

The fluid flow processes between the gas stream and turbomachinery blading, and how to recognise common flow problems in gas turbine engines.

How ambient temperature and pressure affect gas turbine performance, terms such as specific fuel consumption, and how specifications guide unit selection.

Design and material choices for main gas turbine components, especially the hot turbine section, and the common causes of component failure.

Basic gas turbine maintenance objectives, the typical operating problems engines face, and why trained operations and maintenance staff are essential.

Gas turbine maintenance tasks from daily oil checks to overhaul, including scheduling, safety precautions, engine cleaning, borescope inspection and crack testing.

How condition monitoring tracks engine vital signs and trends to spot deterioration early and plan corrective action on industrial gas turbines.

The main applications of gas turbine engines, from aircraft propulsion to industrial power generation, and why they are chosen over other power sources.

An introduction to the industrial control systems cybersecurity module and what it will cover.

An overview of the main control system types, DCS, PLC, SCADA, building automation and IIoT, with a focus on how a distributed control system works.

What programmable logic controllers are, how they monitor inputs and drive outputs, and where they are used in industrial automation.

How SCADA systems gather data and provide supervisory control over widely spread assets such as pipelines, power grids and water networks.

The role of safety instrumented systems in high-hazard industries such as oil and gas and chemicals, and how they bring a process to a safe state.

Core concepts of the Industrial Internet of Things, its main features, and how connected sensors and data are changing industrial operations.

A recap of the module's topics, from DCS and PLCs to SCADA, SIS and IIoT.

Major industrial disasters, what caused them and how lessons from them shaped modern safety control and safety instrumented systems.

What safety means in process plants and why safety instrumented systems are needed to detect and reduce risk in refineries and power plants.

What a basic process control system (BPCS) is, how it keeps a process within normal limits, and its main components.

What a safety instrumented system is, how it works, its critical components and why it is a vital layer of protection.

The difference between a safety instrumented system and a basic process control system, and why the two must stay independent.

Key safety instrumented system terms such as SIF, SIL, PFD, demand rate and safe state, as a foundation for functional safety work.

What functional safety is and how IEC 61508 and IEC 61511 govern the design, operation and lifecycle of safety instrumented systems.

How layers of protection analysis (LOPA) bridges hazard studies and SIS design, and how it is used to set the required SIL.

What a safety instrumented function is, how it is defined, and practical examples of SIFs used in process plants.

The parts of an SIS loop, sensor, logic solver and final element, and how they work together to carry out a safety function.

How SIS sensors and initiators are selected and operated, and how sensor diagnostics help detect dangerous failures.

How SIS logic solvers work, their configurations and certification, and why they are the decision-making core of a safety loop.

Final control elements in an SIS, such as shutdown valves and actuators, their components and the key points for reliable operation.

How redundancy in SIS sensors and other components improves reliability and safety, and the trade-off against spurious trips.

How 1oo1, 1oo2, 2oo2 and 2oo3 voting arrangements work in safety instrumented systems, and how each balances safety against spurious trips.