Oil & Gas Engineering: Piping, Vessels, Hydrogen & Control

Explore oil and gas piping and equipment design with ASME guidance and NDT through clear, practical content. Experience affordable pricing and a growing learning community with expert knowledge.

Explore how piping insulation reduces heat transfer, saves energy, and enhances safety by detailing materials, thickness, hot and cold applications, vapor barriers, and protection.

Explore how internal pressure drives wall thickness via hoop, longitudinal, and radial stresses, guided by ASME B31 codes, material properties, safety factors, and temperature coefficients.

Explore external pressure design in industrial piping systems, covering ASME codes, failure mechanisms, shell thickness, support lines, and stiffening rings to ensure structural integrity under external loads.

Explore the design and installation of underground and buried piping systems, focusing on design codes, soil considerations, stress analysis, failure types, and installation procedures.

Explore stress and flexibility analysis in industrial piping, covering thermal expansion, code allowable stresses, and simplified methods alongside computer simulations to design robust, safe piping systems.

Design piping supports in industrial settings by understanding function, classification, and symbology, using an iterative selection process to configure rigid and spring supports for loads and expansion.

Explore the design and classification of pressure vessels under ASME code, focusing on section eight divisions one to three, materials, welding, and nondestructive examination within fabrication and testing sequences.

Explore internal elements of pressure vessels, including trays, bed supports, vortex breakers, demisters, impingement plates, and baffles, and learn design considerations for supports, distribution, and minimum thickness with corrosion allowances.

Discover external elements of pressure vessels, including clips, davits, lifting devices, platforms, ladders, insulation, and fireproofing supports, and assess their impact on shell buckling and structural integrity.

examine internal pressure design by analyzing hoop, longitudinal, and radial stresses in cylindrical shells and heads, and apply asme ug 27 and ug 32 to determine wall thickness.

Explore external pressure design for pressure vessels, including lines of support, shells, and stiffening rings, with ASME code UG 28 to UG 30 guiding shell verification and safety considerations.

Explore material selection for pressure vessels, balancing corrosion types, corrosion allowance, and allowable stresses with corrosion resistance and temperature. Learn material designation and common materials used in practice.

Explore joint efficiency in pressure vessel design under ASME, covering joint categories, welding types, NDT levels (full, spot, none), radiography requirements, and how NDE affects reliability and allowable stress.

Learn nozzle design for pressure vessels, including flange types, necks, and reinforcement pads, along with UG 36 and UG 37 reinforcement calculations and self reinforced nozzle concepts.

Explore the hydrogen color spectrum from gray to green hydrogen and blue hydrogen, including brown, yellow, pink, turquoise, and white, with production methods and environmental implications.

Electrolyzers powered by renewable energy split water to yield green hydrogen with zero emissions, enabling decarbonization across transport, industry, and power sectors.

Scale up green hydrogen to decarbonize transport and industry. Evaluate cost, infrastructure, and policy drivers that could push green hydrogen toward cost parity with blue hydrogen by 2030.

Explore electrolyzer technology, where water splits into hydrogen and oxygen via alkaline, PEM, or solid oxide systems, and learn about balance of plant, storage, and how green hydrogen powers renewables.

Discover green hydrogen produced by renewable energy electrolysis, its role in carbon neutrality, and global projects driving scale, infrastructure, and cost-competitive adoption across transport, industry, and power.

Explore blue hydrogen as a low-carbon transitional fuel produced from natural gas via steam reforming or autothermal reforming, paired with carbon capture and storage to reduce emissions.

Explore blue hydrogen projects accelerating decarbonization through steam methane reforming and carbon capture and storage, including H2 Sultan and Acorn. Demonstrates industry and government collaboration, carbon dioxide storage via pipelines.

Explore steam methane reforming (SMR), the dominant method for producing blue hydrogen from natural gas, including its high-temperature process, CO2 byproducts, and how carbon capture and storage enables low-carbon hydrogen.

Explore carbon capture and storage (ccs) from power plants and cement factories. Transport carbon dioxide via pipelines or ships and store it deep underground in saline formations.

Explore how industrial clusters drive decarbonization through electrification, energy efficiency, and hydrogen. Examine blue and green hydrogen, carbon capture, utilization and storage, and shared pipeline networks in regional industrial hubs.

Explore hydrogen storage by compression and high-pressure tanks, pipelines for in situ distribution, and compare liquefaction and chemical storage options.

Liquefaction increases hydrogen energy density for efficient storage and transport. Explore phase diagrams, Boyle's law, and the Joule-Thomson effect, plus Claude process, Linde process, Brayton cycle, and magnetic liquefaction.

Compare hydrogen liquefaction methods, Claude, Linde, Brayton cycle, and magnetic liquefaction, using phase diagrams, Boyle's law, and the Joule-Thomson effect to enable efficient, safe storage and transport.

Compare hydrogen storage methods by cost, efficiency, safety, and environmental impact, evaluating compression, liquefaction, and chemical storage to weigh tradeoffs for the most suitable solution.

Hydrogen pipeline transportation enables efficient, low-carbon distribution through robust infrastructure and safety systems. Highlight leak detection, safety valves, and emergency shutdowns, and show benefits like continuous supply and scalability.

Describe the fundamental gas turbine cycle and its major components: compressor, combustor, and turbine, and its uses in aviation and industry. Compare advantages and drawbacks, including power-to-weight and material challenges.

Explore the three fundamental gas turbine components—compressor, combustor, and turbine. Compare centrifugal and axial flow compressors, burner designs, and turbine types to optimize performance and efficiency, considering heat exchangers' impact.

Understand how a gas turbine engine converts chemical energy into power by compressing air, increasing enthalpy in combustion, and recovering energy in the turbine via pressure.

Explore how fluid flow drives energy transformations in gas turbine engines, including flow separation, compressor stall and surge, rotating stall, and the roles of friction, turbulence, and choke flow.

Explore how ambient temperature and pressure influence gas turbine performance, learn to read compressor and turbine maps, and use specs, SFC, and heat rate to evaluate efficiency and design choices.

Explore the design and manufacture of main gas turbine engine components, focusing on the turbine section, to recognize failure causes and minimize mechanical and thermal stress.

Explore fundamental gas turbine maintenance objectives, focusing on air quality, filtration, and compressor fouling. Learn about inspection schedules, preventative and remedial procedures, and the role of trained personnel.

Outlines a practical gas turbine maintenance framework with borescope inspections, non-destructive testing (dye penetrant, magnetic particle), OEM guidance, and safety-focused condition monitoring.

Explore condition monitoring of gas turbine engines by analyzing observable operation data, using manual logs or automatic systems, establishing baselines, and using sensors to trigger warnings or shutdowns.

Identify the gas turbine applications in aircraft propulsion, oil and gas pumping, ships, tanks, and emergency power, emphasizing high power-to-weight ratio and cogeneration potential.

Introduce the basics of industrial control systems and cybersecurity, covering the Purdue model, OT and IT networks, SCADA, PLCs, and IoT, with defense in depth and layered security architecture.

Distributed control systems spread control across field instruments, I/O cards, controllers, and HMIs, enabling real-time monitoring and control of large industrial processes in oil and gas and beyond.

Explore programmable logic controllers and their role in industrial automation, communicating with sensors, actuators, and I/O cards, via HMIs, historians, and diverse networks like Ethernet, ControlNet, and DeviceNet.

Explore SCADA overview, including real-time data, device communication, and logs from PLCs to HMIs, and learn how zonal architecture and diverse communications secure dispersed substations.

Explore safety instrumented systems and their independent, layered protection for oil, gas, and chemical processes, integrating sensors, logic solvers, final control elements, and cyber security.

Explore the industrial internet of things and how sensors, networked connectivity, and the cloud, fog, and edge layers boost maintenance, quality, and efficiency through data analytics and real-time decisions.

Conclude this module by reviewing distributed control systems, PLCs, SCADA, building automation, safety instrumented systems, industrial IoT, and previewing cybersecurity concepts like the Purdue model and defense in depth.

Explore how safety instrumented systems (SIS) complement basic process control systems (BPCS) with sensors, logic solvers, and final control elements to prevent industrial disasters and protect lives and the environment.

Explore how safety instrumented systems protect lives, equipment, and the environment by sensing hazards with sensors, evaluating risks with logic solvers, and triggering final control actions.

Explore how basic process control systems monitor and control industrial processes with sensors, controllers, control valves, and HMIs, using cascade control for precise, safe, continuous operation.

Discover safety instrumented systems (SIS) that detect abnormal process conditions and automatically restore safety with sensors, logic solvers, and final control elements, emphasizing SIL and IEC/Isa standards.

Compare the basic process control system (BPCS) with the safety instrumented system (SIS) that activates in emergencies. Learn how sensors, logic solvers, and redundancy meet safety standards to prevent hazards.

Grasp SIS terminologies like SIL, PFD, CCF, BPCS, sensors, logic solvers, and final control elements to communicate safety, design robust safety instrumented systems, and support LOPA, Hazop, and SRS.

Discover how functional safety under IEC 61511 and 61508 enables layered protection from BPCS and SIS to physical safeguards and emergency responses, ensuring safe compliant process operations.

Explore layer of protection analysis (LOPA) as a semi-quantitative risk method that evaluates independent protection layers, such as BPCS, SIS, alarms, and mechanical safeguards, to reduce hazards to ALARP.

Learn how safety instrumented functions detect abnormal process conditions with sensors and logic solvers to automatically restore safety, using final control elements like emergency block valves.

Explore safety instrumented system loops, featuring sensors, logic solvers, and final control elements. Learn how SIL-certified sensors, CIS loop configurations, and redundant PLC designs ensure hazard detection and reliable shutdowns.

Explore safety instrumented system sensors as the first line of defense, enabling process monitoring, hazard detection, safety initiation, and reliability through two-out-of-three voting and SMV inline diagnostics.

Explore how safety instrumented system logic solvers, the brains of safety loops, use high-speed microprocessor-based processing with redundancy and diagnostics to deliver fault-tolerant protection and IEC 61 508 standards-compliant safety.

Explore final control elements in safety instrumented systems, including valves, actuators, relays, and digital valve controllers, for reliable, rapid shutdown and enhanced plant safety.

Explore redundancy in safety instrumented systems (SIS) through duplicated sensors, voting logic, and final elements, and configurations like 1oo2 and 2oo3 to enhance reliability and safety.

Explore voting logic in safety instrumented systems, contrasting simplex, duplex, and triplex configurations (1oo1 to 2oo3) to balance safety, availability, and reliability through redundancy, diagnostics, and risk-based design.