Learn Hindi Script(Free Ebook)-Learn to read and write hindi

Hindi vowels are sounds produced without any obstruction in the mouth, meaning the airflow is smooth and free.

13 Hindi vowels:

अ, आ, इ, ई, उ, ऊ, ऋ, ए, ऐ, ओ, औ, अं, अः

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Velar consonants in Hindi are consonant sounds made when the back of the tongue touches the soft palate (velum) inside the mouth.
They’re called “velar” because the contact point is the velum.

In Hindi, the velar consonants are:
क, ख, ग, घ, ङ

Palatal consonants in Hindi are sounds made when the front of the tongue touches the hard palate (the hard roof of the mouth just behind the teeth).

In Hindi, the palatal consonants are:
च, छ, ज, झ, ञ

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In Hindi, Barakhadi is a learning chart that shows how each consonant combines with all the dependent vowel signs (मात्राएँ) to form syllables.

It helps learners understand how consonants change sound when a vowel matra is added.

Barakhadi of क:

क, का, कि, की, कु, कू

*Retroflex consonants in Hindi are sounds produced when the tip of the tongue is curled back (retroflexed) to touch the roof of the mouth just behind the alveolar ridge.
The term retroflex means “bent backward.”

5 Retroflex consonants:
ट, ठ, ड, ढ, ण

*Dental consonants in Hindi are sounds made when the tip of the tongue touches the back of the upper front teeth.
The term dental comes from “dent,” meaning “tooth.”

5 Dental consonants:
त, थ, द, ध, न

Labial consonants in Hindi are sounds produced using the lips.
The term labial comes from “labium,” meaning “lip.”

5 Labial consonants:
प, फ, ब, भ, म

In Hindi, Barakhadi is a learning chart that shows how each consonant combines with all the dependent vowel signs (मात्राएँ) to form syllables.

It helps learners understand how consonants change sound when a vowel matra is added.

Barakhadi of क:

क, का, कि, की, कु, कू, के, कै, को, कौ, कं, कः,कृ.

Semi-vowels in Hindi are sounds that are produced like vowels but function as consonants in a word.
They involve a slight obstruction of airflow and often occur at the start of a syllable before a vowel.

4 Semi-vowels in Hindi:
य, र, ल, व

Learn Different Conjunction used in hindi.

1. श्र (sra) — Combination of श (sha) + र (ra), pronounced like “shra”

2. क्ष (kṣa / ksha) — Combination of क (ka) + ष (ṣa), pronounced “ksha”

3. त्र (tra) — Combination of त (ta) + र (ra), pronounced “tra”

4. ज्ञ (gya / jña) — Combination of ज (ja) + ञ (ña), pronounced “gya”